83
1) the proposed tests for substitution and splitting are often impossible: "You're being tiresome",
her father cut her off. —* Her father cut her. She was off;
2) with the exception of cases when several second components are used, the transformation of
adjectivization is impossible (Not came up -* His up coming);
3) wedged adverbs often refer to the entire education, rather than defining the second component:
"Already she had passed smoothly over to unquestioning delight";
4) inversion, wedging, the use of several second components with one verb also do not apply to
all formations of this type;
5) with an ellipse of the verb, the second component does not turn into a regular adverb, but
represents the whole formation: "Its advantage tonight was that its windows faced out the front of the
house, not out the rear";
Consideration of the status of phrasal verbs will help to identify their linguistic features, without
which it is impossible to develop a scientifically based methodology for teaching phrasal verbs.
REFERENCES
:
1. Bakhanskaya, T. A. The development of subsystems of English prefixed verbs and the corresponding
verb-adverbial combinations of the type overcome - come over: author. diss. Cand. Philol. Sciences / T.
A. Bakhanskaya. - N. Novgorod, 2001. - 18 p.
2. Galskova, N. D. Theory of teaching foreign languages: Linguodidactics and methodology/ N. D.
Galskova, N. I. Gez. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 336 p.
3. Golubkova, E. E. Phrasal verbs of motion (cognitive aspect)/ E. E. Golubkova. - M.: GEOS, 2002. -
175 p.
4. Kobozeva, I. M. Linguistic semantics: textbook / I. M. Kobozeva. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2000. - 352 p.
5. Popova, N.P. Structural and semantic characteristics of derived names from stable verb combinations
such as "break down", "fall out", "pick up" in modern English: author. dis.... Cand. Philol. Sciences / N.
P. Popova. - Odessa, 1984. - 16 p.
REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT “TIME” IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PAREMIAS
Suraganova A.M.
USUWL Master‘s student, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
tel: +998913709031
Cognitive linguistics occupies a central place in the study of the relationship between man and the
world, because language acts in it both as a tool and an object of research, and as the source material on
the basis of which scientists draw conclusions about the work of consciousness. The concept of "time",
being one of the key concepts, is an important part of the conceptual system, which is reflected in
different ways in all languages, which allows us to talk about temporal perception, ethnic temporal
mentality, temporal universals, and, in general, about the temporal picture of the world.
In "Essays on Cognitive Linguistics," Z. D. Popova and I. A. Sternin examine the problem of
concept verbalization in depth [
Popova Z.D., Sternin I.A. 2001: 49
]. Language means are required simply
for the concept's expression, not for its existence. Furthermore, only the most important thoughts have
linguistic expression; the majority of concepts exist exclusively in the human mind, and their translation
to a vocal form is discretionary. There are several ways to verbalize a concept in a language: ready-made
lexical units and stable expressions of the language's lexico-logical system (words do not fully convey the
concept; rather, they express a set of individual features of the concept required to convey a specific
message); free phrases, sentence schemes (or syntactic concepts); and texts or sets of texts (for complex,
abstract, or individual author's concepts) [
Popova Z.D., Sternin I.A. 2001:49
].
As forms of proverbs, proverbs and sayings reflect the nation's experience as well as every day,
social, historical, and spiritual meanings and ideas that are essential to this people. Because of their direct
relationship to people's lives and historical events, proverbs are frequently evaluative and have
implications that emerge based on people's experiences. "A positive or negative evaluative element is a
defining component of connotation and is determined not only by the centuries-old system of moral
culture of each people, but by the political and ideological platform of a particular state at a certain stage
of its development," writes A.V. Vestfalskaya [Vestfalskaya, 2015: 1].
All this makes proverbs and
sayings a good material for analyzing the verbalization of concepts and complex concepts in the
language.
84
Time is an attribute, a universal form of the existence of matter, expressing the duration of
existence and the sequence of changes in the states of all material systems and processes in the world. The
concept of "time" is one of the most important, because through its prism we perceive everything that
exists in the world, everything that is accessible to our mind and our interpretation
[Golosova, 2000: 71].
In the process of analyzing proverbs and sayings with lexical units that verbalize the morality, we
have identified the following semantic groups.
1. Paremias, which describe the influence of time on a person and the world around him,
including the hope that changes for the better will occur. In English: ―Time and tide wait for no man‖,
―Other days, other ways‖, ―Tomorrow is another day‖, in Russian:
―
Зима-не лето, пройдѐт и это‖,
―Время все излечит‖, И комары кусают до поры‖,‖
Время подойдет, так и лед пойдет‖.That which
is evil does not last forever, it has an end, these troubles are temporary, be patient and things will work
out.
Following proverbs that reflect a person‘s hope for the best: ―The darkest hour is that before the
dawn‖ and ―Tomorrow is another day‖. In the first proverb of the subgroup, the word hour is described by
the adjective dark in a superlative degree: on the one hand, it has a metaphorical meaning of a difficult
time, and on the other hand, it is a consequence of a person‘s observation of nature and the cycles of
changing the time of the day.
2. Paremias about careful attitude to time, the danger of procrastination and the need to be
punctual, otherwise you can miss the benefits and present yourself in an unfavorable light. The second
largest group for the study of proverbs and sayings is devoted to punctuality, which is especially
important for English culture: "Punctuality is the soul of business", "Punctuality is the politeness of
princes", "Delays are dangerous", "Time is money", "Procrastination is the thief of time", etc. In Russian:
―
Убрал вовремя — выиграл, опоздал — проиграл‖, ―Порядок бережет время‖, ―
Дурак времени не
знает‖, ―Ждать да гадать-только время терять‖, ―Оттягивать да откладывать только время терять‖.
Deferring the work you have to do is mere waste of time which usually results in nothing being done at
all.
Based on these categories we can draw conclusions about what English and Russian speakers
consider importance of time similar in both cultures and own similar world picture. On the one hand, it is
of great importance for them to understand the fact that time affects a person and the world around him,
changing them, and people cannot influence this process in any way.
REFERENCES
:
1.
The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs / edited by Jennifer Speake. – New York, NY: Oxford
University Press Inc. Jennifer Speake, 2008. – 625 p.
2.
Вестфальская А.В. Оценка и коннотация: современные подходы [Электронный ресурс] //
Язык
и
текст
langpsy.ru.
2015.
Том
2.
№3.
URL:
https://psyjournals.ru/langpsy/2015/n3/Vestfalskaya.shtml
3.
Голосова, Т. М. К вопросу о взаимодействии языка и речи в аспекте формирования
темпоральной текстовой структуры / Т. М. Голосова // Язык образования и образование языка:
Материалы междунар. науч. конф.
4.
Попова З.Д., Стернин И.А. Очерки по когнитивной лингвистике: 2-е издание,
стереотипное. – Воронеж: Воронежский гос. ун-т. 2001.– 191с.
5.
Маргулис А., Холодная А. Русско-Английский словарь пословиц и поговорок. 2000.
ИНГЛИС ҲӘМ ҚАРАҚАЛПАҚ ТИЛЛЕРИНДЕ ҒАЛАБА ХАБАР ҚУРАЛЛАРЫНА
БАЙЛАНЫСЛЫ АТАМАЛАР
Асенов Н.
Инглис тил билими кафедрасы ассистенти, Бердақ атындағы ҚМУ
Нѳкис, Ѳзбекистан
Палуанова Х.
ф.и.д., илимий басшы
Аннотация
: Бул мақалада кейинги ўақытлары қарақалпақ тилинде ғалаба хабар қураллары
атамалары инглис тилинен аўысқан атамалар бир нешше тҥрлерге бӛлип ҥйренилген.
Гилт сӛзлер
: калькалаў, социаллық тармақлар, терминология, лексикалық бирликлер.
Лингвистикада атамалар, әсиресе шет тиллери менен байланыслы атамалар менен
байланыслы изертлеўлер лингвист илимпазлардыӊ итибарында болған. Мәселен, Россияда ӛткен
әсирдиӊ 30-жылларында терминология менен Д.С. Лотте, Г.О. Винокур, А.А. Реформатский, В.М.
