Авторы

  • А Узахбаева
    Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh

Биография автора

  • А Узахбаева, Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh

    Teacher, English Language and Literature Department

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp201-203

Аннотация

This article examines and discusses ways to apply an integrative approach in teaching and some fundamental issues related to the language training of students at school.

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Безусловно, речь идет не о том, чтобы заниматься развитием детей в ущерб знаниям, а о том,
чтобы развитие коммуникативных навыков было специально направлено на развитие личности
младших школьников.

Используемые приемы работы способствуют развитию диалогической речи, расширению

кругозора учащихся, поддержанию интереса к изучению английского языка.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА:

1.

H.Palmer. The Scientific Study and Teaching of languages, London, 1922. p138.

2.

Гамезо М.В., Матюхина М.В., Михальчик Т.С. Возрастная и педагогическая психология.

М.: Изд-во Просвещение, 1992. с.38.
3.

Щерба Л.В. Преподавание иностранных языков в средней школе., М.:1947. с 42-43.


AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES AT SCHOOL

Uzaxbaeva A.

Teacher, English Language and Literature Department,

KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan

Abstract

: This article examines and discusses ways to apply an integrative approach in teaching and

some fundamental issues related to the language training of students at school.


At the present stage of society's development, an urgent problem is the comprehensive training of

students, which consists of a number of consecutive, successive stages of qualification growth, providing
for a multi-variable result, the development and formation of a morally mature person who is able to
actively participate in social life.

The leading element of such training is the humanitarian one, which allows you to form a free

personality with independent creative thinking and the ability to constantly improve yourself.

The process of teaching a foreign language at school is subject to special requirements, the

effective implementation of which is possible in conditions of interconnectedness of teaching all types of
speech activities, active inclusion of humanitarian, regional and cultural aspects in the content of teaching
students.

The term "integration" was firmly established in the works on pedagogy in the 80s. Originally

from the Latin "integratio", which means restoration, replenishment, integration of any parts into a whole,
even earlier this term was widely used in the professional vocabulary of various fields of knowledge to
denote the corresponding process [1; 4]. The Philosophical and Encyclopedic Dictionary [2; 203]
develops the definition of integration, complementing it with such a concept as "the side of the
development process associated with the integration of previously heterogeneous parts and elements into
a whole". A similar definition can be found in the "logical dictionary-reference book" [2; 203], which
defines integration as "...combining into a whole, into the unity of any elements, restoring any unity". In
the exact sciences, one can trace the understanding of integration as summation over some parameter with
its own weight, and integral as "an integer quantity considered as the sum of its infinitesimal parts" [3;
48].

In English literature, "integrate" [3] the term "integration" in a broad sense is used to characterize

the process of convergence and connection of sciences that occurs along with the process of
differentiation. In biology, integration is understood as "... orderliness, consistency and unification of
functions and structures inherent in a living system at various levels of organization " [2; 203]. In
psychology, we find "group integration", characterized as "consistency, orderliness and stability of the
system of intra-group processes" [4; 19]. Philosophers define integration as the process of forming
connections that ensure the interdependence of elements and the appearance of an "integrative property"
[1; 51]. A.D. Ursul uses the term "integration" to denote the integration of any parts into a whole and uses
it to characterize the processes of interconnection of previously autonomous elements as a single set [5;
113].

In all the above definitions, there is a single tendency, on the one hand, to show the interrelation,

interdependence of individual elements, and on the other, the formation of integrity. Each element is in a
relationship with others based on consistency, orderliness, and stability. Thus, particular sciences in the
interpretation of the term "integration" define, first of all, as a union into a whole, the restoration of some
unity, integration can be understood as the process of becoming a whole.

In pedagogy, integration is defined as " ... the highest form of expressing the unity of goals,

principles, content, forms of organization of the learning and upbringing process carried out in two cycles


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of education, aimed at intensifying the entire training system..." [2, 16]. An important role in the
theoretical justification and practical implementation of the idea of integration in pedagogy belongs to A.
P. Belyaeva. Summarizing the data of private sciences, analyzing the definitions of integration in
philosophy, A. P. Belyaeva deepens this concept, emphasizing that integration in any sciences is both a
process and a result of creating an inextricably integral one [3].

Introducing the term "integration" into the methodology, we rely on the same set of meanings that

it has in engineering, economics, mathematics, pedagogy, etc. However, we develop and clarify this
concept in the appendix to our curriculum. We understand it in the framework of the training program
developed by us as follows: integration is the merging of the content, forms, methods, principles of
teaching into a single whole and the interpenetration of elements of language training in the scientific,
professional, general education and humanitarian spheres. The description of integration as a process
helps to identify the following most necessary invariant stages of this procedure: determining the system-
forming factor, creating a new program structure, reworking the content, checking effectiveness, and
correcting results.

These invariants can be fundamental to the development of the curriculum for school students.

Integration appeared in an effort to model a holistic learning process.

The definition of integration goals is associated with a conscious need and the identified ability to

link individual subjects, topics, and sections. The selection of integration objects is determined by the
following: in order to speed up and intensify the program, intra subject integration is carried out, and if
desired, it can be expanded at the expense of components that are close to each other courses, inter
subject integration is implemented. After selecting the content objects necessary for integration, we select
invariant and variable components – components of our own content. The definition of the system-
forming factor of integration means finding the basis for unification. Without a system-forming factor
acting as an integrator, no pooling of knowledge is possible.

Whole sciences and even systems of sciences can act as a system-forming factor. For example,

some authors [4; 7] consider "their" technical knowledge to be an integrator of sciences, others consider
teaching methods to be a system– forming factor, and third-psychology.

In the program developed for students, the integrator and system-forming factor is the educational

text, which is also the material: 1) for the acquisition of knowledge in the academic subject-a foreign
language; 2) for the interconnected training of all types of speech activity; 3) for the formation of
necessary skills and abilities; 4) to get acquainted with the language system; 5) to ensure the formation of
spiritual culture and a system of universal values.

A. P. Belyaeva believes that the development of scientific knowledge is always characterized by

two main opposite trends-integration and differentiation, emphasizes the dialectical unity of the processes
of integration and differentiation, which do not coexist with each other and do not follow each other, but
appear one in the other and through the other, interpenetrating, mutually conditioning, mutually
anticipating and simultaneously mutually negating each other a friend [3]. In accordance with the
principle of unity of integration and differentiation, the integrative approach in teaching should present
the content in a differentiated form, making it possible to reflect the unity of the general through
integration, and the specific through differentiation.

The built flowchart of the sequence systematically fits into the stages and specific forms of

training.

Thus, integration issues are solved by adding or replacing content blocks, which vary depending

on the stage of training and the age group of students. The content of variable-modular blocks is
differentiated. Invariant are country studies, cultural studies, and general scientific blocks. Despite the
fact that there is a lot of talk about integration, nevertheless, different sciences and even the most different
sections of the same subject are still presented as something closed, self-sufficient, almost unrelated to
other aspects of the subject and other academic disciplines. Students should see functional connections
between different disciplines and their constituent parts, and be able to identify common methodological
approaches in mastering knowledge.

REFERENCES:

1. Akhlibitsky B.A. Categorical aspect of the concept of integration//Dialectics as a basis for integrating
scientific knowledge. - L., 1984. p. 51.
2. Bezrukova V.S. Pedagogical integration: essence, mechanisms of implementation//Integration
processes in pedagogical theory and practice. Sverdlovsk: 1990, 128 p. (in Russian)
3. Belyaev, A.P. Theoretical basis of the integration of the content of vocational education. - Sverdlovsk:
188. - 19 p.


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4. Kedrov B.M. Integrative function of philosophy in the system of modern scientific
knowledge//Dialectics as a basis for integrating scientific knowledge. - L., 1984. - p. 7-12.
5. Kitaygorodskaya G.A. Methodological foundations of intensive foreign language teaching. – M.: MSU
Publishing House, 1986. 176 p.
6. Levin V.G. Integrative function of understanding the system//Dialectics as a basis for integrating
scientific knowledge. - L.: 1984. - p. 72.


ОҚЫЎДЫ ҤЙРЕТИЎ ПРИНЦИПЛЕРИ

Шанназарова Г.

2 курс магистрант, Лингвистика (немис тили) қәнигелиги, Бердақ атындағы ҚМУ,

Нѳкис, Ѳзбекстан

Ғәрезсиз Ӛзбекистанымыздыӊ оның қурамында суверенлик ҳуқуқына ийе болған

Қарақалпақстанның дунья жәмийетшилигинде тутқан орны кҥн сайын ӛсип, халықаралық
қатнасықлар, саўда – сатық, туризм ҳәм де мәмлекетлер арасындағы мәдений ҳәм экономикалық,
илмий – техникалық, билимлендириў тараўындағы қатнасықлар раўажланып, беккемленип
баратырған бир ўақытта оның келешегин таратыўшы жасларға шет тиллерин пухта ҥйрениў ҳәм
де мәселелерди еркин тҥрде талқылаў, олар туўралы ӛз пикирин тартынбастан айтыў, улыўма
аўызеки ҳәм жазба тҥрде қатнаслар жасап билиўди ҥйретиў ҳәзирги кҥнниң кешиктирип
болмайтуғын ең тийкарғы ўазыйпаларыннан бири болып табылады.

Белгили болғанындай дидактикалық, психологиялық, сондай-ақ методикалық принциплер

бар. Олардан тысқары С.К. Фоломкина [6] тәрепиннен ислеп шығылған оқыўға ҥйретиў
принциплери де бар. Бул принциплер оқыўдың ӛзине тән сӛйлеў ҳәрекети тҥри ҳәм де шет тил
тәлиминен кӛзленген мақсетлигин билдиреди. Оқыўды ҥйретиў де тӛмендеги принциплерге
әмелетиў тийис:

1. Оқыўды ўйретиў – сӛйлеў ҳәрекетиниң тҥрин ҥйретиў деп қаралыўы керек. Усы

қағыйданы итибарға алып ис жҥритилген де ғана, оқыўшыларға оқыў туўралы дурыс жоллама
бериледи. Тил материалын ӛзлестириў ямаса текстке жақын сӛйлеп бериўди бирден – бир оқыў
ўазыйпасы деп билместен, текстти ҳәрекетте қолланыў материалына айландырыў алдынғы орынға
шығарылыўы усынылады. Оқыўшыларға текстти оқып мағлыўмат – хабар алыў шынығыўларын
орынлатыў – бирлемши жуўмақлаўшы мақсет әмелде қолланылыўы керек. Буған сӛйлеў
әмеллерин орынлаў арқалы ғана ерисиледи, бул процессте белгили нәтийжеге (мазмунды билип
алыў, хабарды ийелеў) нәзерде тутылады. Текстти оқыў руўҳый байыўға, таза –таза мағлыўмат –
ҳабарларды алыўға қаратылған оқыў методикалық илаж – шара есапланады. Оқыў процессинде
жумыс: оқыў алдыннан тапсырма берилиўи шәрт ҳәм оқып болғаннан соң тийисли методикалық
усылларды қолланып, тҥсингенлиги тексериледи. Толық ҳәм анық тҥсингенлиги оқыўшылар
тәрепинен ўазыйпаны табыслы орынлаў есапланады. Қулласы, усы принцип бойынша оқыўдың
тийкары–оқыўшыға мағлыўмат – хабар жеткизиў қағыйдаластырылып қойылады.

2. Оқыўды ҥйрениў, билиў процесси сыпатында шӛлкемлестириледи. Тек әмелий ҳәрекет

кӛрсетиў менен шекленбестен, текстти оқыўшы билиўге, таза мағлыўмат – хабар ҥйрениўге
ҳәрекет етеди. Мағлыўмат – хабар алыў – билиў ҳәрекетин жҥритиў болып табылады. Бул жерде
билиў ҳәм де сӛйлеў ҳәрекетиниң паркын билиў керек. Сӛйлеў ҳәрекет нәтийжесин билиўге алып
келеди. Ӛйткени, оқыў материаллар (булл жерде текст) мазмунына итибарды кҥшейтиў талап
етиледи. Мазмунының қызықлылығы оқыўшылардың мағлыўмат – хабаралыўға интилиўлерин
белгилеўши, оларды қызығыў менен, ыклас менен оқыўға ҥндеўши принцип ўазыйпасын
аткарады. Тексттиң мазмунында ҳәм тилинде ақылға муўапық шегарасындағы қыйыншылықлар
болыўы оқыўшының ақыллылық ҳәрекетин кҥшейтиўи, пикирлеўин – ойлаўын иске қосыўына
себеп болады. Демек, усы принципке муўапық оқыўшылар шет тилде оқып, бир ўақытта билиў
ҳәрекети менен шуғылланады.

3. Оқыўшылардың ана тили ҳәм екинши шет тилде топлаған оқыў дарежелерине сҥйенип,

оларға шет тилде оқыў ҥйрениледи. Дәслеп, оқыўшының шет тилде оқыўға мҥнәсибети
қәлиплестириледи. «Оқысам ҥйренемен» деген нақылға әмел етип ис тутыў зәрурлиги пайда
болады. Биринши шәрт мине усы. Тил тәжрийбесиндеги сӛйлеў усылларының кӛшиў ҳәдийсесине
гезлесемиз. Шет тил де ҳәрип – сес мҥнәсибетлериниң ӛзлестириў менен оқыўшыларға иштен
оқыўды усыныў мақсетке муўапық . Бул екинши шәрт есапланады. Бир сӛз бенен айтканда, оқыў
дәўиринде тил тәжрийбесиниң илажы барынша қолланылыўы талап етиледи.

4. Оқығанды тҥсиниў ушын оқыўшылар ҥйренилип атырған тил структурасы,

қәсийетлерин ийелеп, оларға тийкарланған ҳалда жумыс алып барыўлары керек. Тил материалын

Библиографические ссылки

Akhlibitsky B.A. Categorical aspect of the concept of integrationZZDialectics as a basis for integrating scientific knowledge.-L„ 1984. p. 51.

Bezrukova V.S. Pedagogical integration: essence, mechanisms of implementationZZIntegration processes in pedagogical theory and practice. Sverdlovsk: 1990, 128 p. (in Russian)

Belyaev, A.P. Theoretical basis of the integration of the content of vocational education. - Sverdlovsk: 188.- 19 p.

Kedrov B.M. Integrative function of philosophy in the system of modern scientific knowledge/ZDialectics as a basis for integrating scientific knowledge. - L., 1984. - p. 7-12.

Kitaygorodskaya G.A. Methodological foundations of intensive foreign language teaching. - M.: MSU Publishing House, 1986. 176 p.

Levin V.G. Integrative function of understanding the systemZZDialectics as a basis for integrating scientific knowledge. - L.: 1984. - p. 72.