ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
813
INTERNET OF THINGS AS A TOOL FOR OPTIMIZING PROCESSES IN
AGRICULTURE
Kudratov Alisher Alijonovich
Doctoral student at Gulistan State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8041353
Abstracts.
The article explores the potential applications of the Internet of Things in
agriculture in Uzbekistan. Farmers' issues are explored, and examples of IoT application in
monitoring soil conditions, managing the quality and quantity of water utilized, monitoring animal
health, decreasing losses during food storage and transit, and enhancing agricultural worker
safety are provided. The primary directions of IoT application are discussed, such as agricultural
and crop monitoring and water resource management. The article describes research strategies
for studying specialized literature and Internet sources, as well as analyzing scientific and
methodological literature on the subject.
Keywords
: Internet of Things, agriculture, monitoring systems, new technologies.
ИНТЕРНЕТ ВЕЩЕЙ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССОВ В
СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ
Аннотация.
В статье исследуются потенциальные возможности применения
Интернета вещей в сельском хозяйстве Узбекистана. Изучаются проблемы фермеров и
приводятся примеры применения IoT для мониторинга состояния почвы, управления
качеством и количеством используемой воды, мониторинга здоровья животных,
снижения потерь при хранении и транспортировке продуктов питания и повышения
безопасности сельскохозяйственных рабочих. Обсуждаются основные направления
применения IoT, такие как мониторинг сельского хозяйства и посевов и управление
водными ресурсами. В статье описаны исследовательские стратегии изучения
специализированной литературы и интернет-источников, а также анализа научно-
методической литературы по теме.
Ключевые слова:
Интернет вещей, сельское хозяйство, системы мониторинга,
новые технологии.
Introduction
In the modern world, the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more and more popular and
is widely used in various areas of life, including industry, transport and healthcare. However,
agriculture is still one of the sectors where the use of this technology is still little known and is
used to a limited extent.
One of the reasons for this is the lack of access to modern technologies and limited funding
for agricultural development. However, with the advent of new technologies such as IoT, there are
new opportunities to improve productivity and efficiency in agriculture in Uzbekistan.
One of the main problems faced by farmers is the need to control the quality and quantity
of water used. With the use of IoT in agriculture, it is possible to create monitoring systems that
will allow you to control the level of water in reservoirs and determine the flow of water on specific
plots of land. This will reduce water costs and increase yields [1].
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
814
Another example of the application of IoT in agriculture is the use of smart sensors to
monitor soil conditions, which will allow farmers to optimize land cultivation, choose the most
efficient fertilization methods and improve crop quality.
In addition, IoT can be used to monitor animal health, reduce losses during food storage
and transportation, and improve the safety of agricultural workers.
In general, the use of IoT in agriculture in Uzbekistan can significantly increase the
productivity and efficiency of farmers, improve food quality and reduce production costs.
However, realizing this potential requires greater adoption of new technologies and increased
awareness among farmers of the benefits of IoT in agriculture.
Research methods
As research methods for the declared topic, the study of special literature and Internet
sources, analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the topic, analysis of the results of
the implementation of official documents, as well as comparison, generalization and
systematization of practical experience were carried out.
The main directions of the implementation of the Internet of Things
The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture in Uzbekistan can lead to
significant improvements in productivity and efficiency in this industry. IoT can help agricultural
enterprises in the following areas [2]:
1.
Crop and crop monitoring: IoT sensors can be used to monitor crops and crops, which
will allow agricultural enterprises to get more accurate information about the status of crops and
crops, as well as weather conditions.
2.
Water management: IoT sensors can be used to monitor water levels in rivers, lakes and
other bodies of water, as well as control irrigation and watering systems.
3.
Livestock management: IoT sensors can be used to monitor animal health, nutrition and
housing conditions, which will allow agricultural enterprises to increase productivity and product
quality.
4.
Transport management: IoT sensors can be used to monitor vehicles, allowing rural
businesses to optimize delivery routes and reduce fuel costs.
5.
Warehouse management: IoT sensors can be used to monitor warehouses, which will
allow agricultural enterprises to improve inventory management and reduce storage costs.
However, the introduction of IoT in agriculture in Uzbekistan may face some obstacles,
such as a lack of qualified specialists and insufficient infrastructure. Also, it is necessary to take
into account the cultural and economic characteristics of the region [3].
In general, the introduction of IoT in agriculture in Uzbekistan can lead to a significant
improvement in productivity and efficiency in this industry, but requires serious efforts and
investments.
Internet of Things and Deep Learning
Many may not notice, but the IoT has a huge impact on our lifestyle. Smart cities, smart
farming, interconnected vehicles, various innovative industries - all these solutions are connected
in one way or another with IoT. But if we talk specifically about IoT in agriculture, then in this
area the Internet of things will have an even greater impact on the way we live [4].
After all, using advanced solutions of the Internet of things, farmers will be able to decently
reduce their costs and increase production. And this concerns not only the rational use of fertilizers
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
815
and monitoring the health of animals, but also the optimization of the movement of agricultural
machines, as well as a significant improvement in precision farming technology.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that can communicate with each other
without human intervention. These devices can range from household appliances to industrial
equipment. However, in order for these devices to work together, they need to have the ability to
process and analyze data.
Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to analyze and
process data. Deep learning enables IoT devices to process large amounts of data and make
decisions based on that data.
The combination of IoT and deep learning allows you to create devices that can analyze
data in real time and make decisions based on this data. For example, Smart Farming can use
temperature, humidity, and light data to automatically adjust the temperature and lighting in a
production facility [5].
The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining momentum in the world of
agriculture, and many farms in Uzbekistan are using this state-of-the-art technology to monitor
critical information about their crops and fields. By using remote sensors to monitor soil moisture,
air temperature and soil quality, farmers can make more informed irrigation and yield decisions.
In addition, by examining the influence of various genomic and microclimatic factors, farm
biologists can solve the problem of optimizing the quality of their crops.
With this in mind, many tools and technologies have emerged to support IoT deployment
in agriculture. GPS/GLONASS trackers, animal activity sensors, RFID cards, parallel navigation
systems, precision farming systems, drones, smart weather stations, scales, IP cameras,
smartphones and animal milking systems all play a role in optimizing the efficiency and
productivity of agricultural farms .
The development of artificial intelligence has also led to great advances in smart
agriculture. For example, farmers use artificial intelligence and machine learning to monitor the
health of their crops, from detecting plant diseases to counting crops and predicting the weather.
This sophisticated integration of AI technologies is helping creative farmers build more profitable,
sustainable and efficient farms from the ground up [6].
Prospects for the implementation of IoT
There are already many successful projects for the implementation of IoT in agriculture in
the world. For example, in the United States, sensors are ubiquitous to collect soil, weather and
crop data, enabling farmers to make more informed decisions. China uses drones to monitor crops
and determine yield levels.
In Uzbekistan, there are a number of guidance materials aimed at introducing IoT in
agriculture. For example, in 2019, the program "Development of the Digital Economy and Society
in Uzbekistan for 2019-2021" was adopted, in which one of the priority areas is the development
of IoT in agriculture.
The introduction of IoT in agriculture in Uzbekistan can take place in the following stages:
- Installation of sensors to collect soil, weather and crop data.
- Analyze data and make informed decisions based on the information received.
- The use of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor crops and determine the level of yield.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
816
- Implementation of automatic irrigation and fertilization systems based on the received
data.
Let's consider the most effective modern solutions in more detail.
Precision farming
. Precision farming in agriculture should be considered as a system that
makes the practice of working with the land as controlled and highly accurate as possible. And
especially when it comes to growing crops and livestock. In these two areas, precision farming in
agriculture is a key component of the Internet of things and all its various solutions [7]:
- various sensors;
- control and management systems;
- robotic technology;
- autonomous transport;
- automatic equipment, etc.
Moreover, already today such precision farming systems are used by numerous agricultural
enterprises around the world. Among such IoT software and hardware solutions in the agricultural
industry, soil moisture control sensors, automatic irrigation systems with automatic regulation of
the intensity and speed of water supply, etc. are used. Such devices of the Internet of things in
agriculture increase the profitability of arable land, allow you to get higher yields, and help save
on water consumption. And soil moisture sensors contribute to high agronomic support in the
season and allow you to optimize resource costs. These are the main advantages and features of
precision farming using such high-tech solutions.
Drones in agriculture.
IoT in agriculture involves the use of drones - unmanned aerial
vehicles that make the most diverse branches of the industry more efficient. For example, they can
be used to assess the condition of planted crops on a large field, and can also be used for:
- irrigation;
- monitoring;
- irrigation;
- taking soil samples;
- planting plants.
The main advantage of using drones as part of the implementation of IoT in agriculture lies
in their wide capabilities, namely:
- visualization of the condition of plants in the fields, control of their condition;
- fast and accurate mapping;
- measuring the height of planted agricultural crops;
- high potential in terms of increasing the yield of fields;
- measurement of chlorophyll and nitrogen levels in wheat;
- drawing up drainage maps;
- automatic detection and counting of weeds; etc.
Drones can be deployed with smart planning and a well-thought-out data collection and
processing strategy [8]. Moreover, all these actions can be performed in real time. Therefore,
drones in IoT in agriculture are a big step towards a large-scale modernization of the entire
agricultural sector.
The information that drones can collect and transmit makes it possible to understand how
healthy the grown plants are, predict yields, even count the number of plants in the field. And all
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
817
this significantly increases the efficiency of precision farming, because the received data is
transmitted in real time with minimal human intervention.
The drone is able to collect thermal, multispectral and visual data right in the process of
flying over the field and lands itself in the place from which it took off.
Monitoring of cattle.
To monitor livestock, farmers can also use various IoT solutions to
obtain information about the location and health of their animals. This data will help prevent
disease outbreaks (by isolating diseased animals from healthy ones) and detect and then treat
livestock diseases at an early stage. This solution will help to minimize mortality among animals
and reduce labor costs in determining the location of livestock.
Smart greenhouses.
With the help of smart greenhouses, you can significantly increase
the yield of certain varieties of fruits, vegetables and other crops. But classic greenhouses allow
you to control the condition of plants exclusively with the help of manual mechanisms [9]. And
the "smart greenhouse" system allows you to minimize any manual intervention in the process of
plant development and helps organize intelligent automatic control of climate and other important
parameters.
Managing a smart greenhouse comes down to a one-time setup and systematic monitoring
of the condition of plants. The sensors used in such an IoT solution will provide information about:
- ambient temperature;
- level of illumination;
- air humidity;
- atmospheric pressure, etc.
Moreover, on the basis of this technology, it is possible to organize advanced control of a
smart greenhouse: turn on / off the light, open / close windows, control temperature and humidity,
remotely work with ventilation, etc. And all these actions can be performed via wireless data
transmission via Wi-Fi, 3, 4 or 5G.
Conclusion
Using advanced solutions of the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and deep learning,
farmers will be able to significantly reduce their costs and increase production.
The Internet of Things allows objects to communicate and share information. It is an
extensive network of sensors that are connected to each other. They collect reliable data and
transmit it directly from fields and farms.
The digital transformation of agriculture requires specialists with new knowledge, as well
as new “smart” solutions to help them. It is important to interest and motivate both students of
higher educational institutions and practical workers in the agricultural sector for a deep study of
computer technologies.
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ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
818
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