ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1099
ADABIYOTSHUNOSLIKDA “AYOLLAR ADABIYOTI”NING SHAKLLANISH
TARIXI VA RIVOJLANISHI
Z.Tojimatova
FarDU Adabiyotshunoslik kafedrasi o’qituvchisi
D.Umarov
FarDU adabiyotshunoslik kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8067962
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada adabiyotshunoslikda “Ayollar adabiyoti” ning
shakllanish tarixi va o’zbek adabiyotida tutgan o’rni haqida fikr yuritilgan.
Kalit so’zlar:
“Ayollar adabiyoti”,
tipologik o’xshashliklar, genetik xususiyatlar,
mushaira, adabiy maktab.
THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF "WOMEN'S LITERATURE" IN
LITERARY STUDIES
Abstract.
This article discusses the history of the formation of "Women's Literature" in
literary studies and its role in Uzbek literature
Key words:
"Women's literature", typological similarities, genetic characteristics, poem
debate, literary school.
ИСТОРИЯ И РАЗВИТИЕ «ЖЕНСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ» В
ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИИ
Аннотация.
Oй статье рассматривается история становления «женской
литературы» в литературоведении и ее роль в узбекской литературе.
Ключевые
слова:
«Женская
литература»,
типологическое
сходство,
генетическая характеристика, литературная школа.
Jahon adabiyotshunosligida ilk bor amerikalik tadqiqotchilar fanga “Ayollar adabiyoti”
degan tushunchani olib kirishdi. Zero, XX asr o‘rtalariga kelib jahon feminizasiyasi
1
o‘z ta’sirini
so‘z san’ati bo‘lmish adabiyotga ham o‘tkazayotgan edi. N.Beym 1978 yilda “Ayollar adabiyoti”
nomli kitobini nashr qildi. N.Beym ayollar asarlarining o‘ziga xos tipologik xususiyatlarini kashf
etdi
2
. Unda XIX asrning o‘rtalarida katta mashhurlikka ega bo‘lgan, biroq keyinchalik ismlari
aktualligini yo‘qotgan ayol ijodkorlarning asarlari tahlil qilingan. Bular Ketrin - Mariya Sedjvik,
Sara Xeyl, A.Dj. Greyvs, Mariya Makintosh, Emma Sautuort va Karolina Li Xens, Mari Kamins
va Mariam Kouls Xarris. Yuqoridagi ijodkorlarning asarlarini tahlil qilish borasida Nina Beym
“ayollar romani”ning o‘ziga xos tipologik xususiyatlarini kashf etdi.
Adabiyotshunoslikda
“Ayollar
adabiyoti”
borasidagi
kuzatishlar
“Ayollar
adabiyotshunosligi” terminologik tushunchasini yuzaga keltirdi. Bu fan hali taraqqiyot davrini o‘z
boshidan kechirmoqda. “Ayollar adabiyotshunosligi”ga munosib hissa qo‘shgan ingliz adibasi
Virdjiniya Vulf
3
sanaladi. Yapon adabiyotshunoslari “Yaponiya ayollar adabiyoti”ni
1
феминизм – лотинчада социал ва ижтимоий фаолиятда аёллар ҳуқуқи учун ҳаракат
2
Baym N. Woman‘s fiction: F guide to nevels by a. about women in America, 1820-1870. – Hhaga; London: Cernel
unif.Press. 1978. – 320 p.; Бу ҳақда қаранг: Умурова Г. Зулфия бадиий олами ва поэтик мактаби. Филол. фан.
д-ри (DSc)... дисс. – Самарқанд: 2019.
3
Rigney B.H. A wreath upon the grave? The influence of Virginia Woolf on feminist critical theory// Criticism and
critical theory.- L.: Arnold, 1984. Б.73
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1100
shakllantirgan adibalar ijodini o‘rganib, uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarini, ayol ijodkorlarning
qahramon obrazini yaratishdagi genderlik alomatlarini aniqladi. Yu.Rumak mashhur yozuvchilar
asarlarini tahlil qilib, ularda genetik jihatdan farqni ko‘rsatdi. Chunonchi, yapon adibalari
asarlarini yaponcha yozuv (idyeografik sillabik, ya’ni aralash yozuv) bilan, erkak yozuvchilar esa
xitoycha yozuvda yozgan. Chunki o‘rta asrlarda Yaponiyada xitoy tili ilm-fan tili, rasmiy hujjat
va olimlar tili deb hisoblangan.
Murakkabligi bois xitoy tilini yapon ayollari o‘rgana olmaganlar.
4
Xuddi shunday o‘zbek
adabiyotida poetik maktab yaratgan ayol ijodkorlar ham mavjudki, ularning adabiy merosini,
estetik olamini tadqiq etish bizlarni mana shu kabi fikrlarga olib keladi. O‘zbek adabiyotida ham
ayollar adabiyotini keng tadqiq etish uchun yetarlicha manbaa mavjud. Chunki, o‘zbek mumtoz
adabiyotida ayol ijodkorlarning o‘rni va o‘z nufuzi bo‘lgan. Saroylarda shoiralarning, ijodkor
ayollarning maxsus mushoiralari, adabiy anjumanlari muntazam bo‘lib o‘tgan. Ularning asarlari
e’tiroflarga, tahsinlarga sazovor bo‘lgan. Jumladan, shoira Nodira, Jahon Otin Uvaysiy, Dilshodi
Barno, Anbar Otin kabi ijodkor ayollarning ijodiy merosi o‘zbek adabiyotida ayollar adabiyotining
ancha ilgari paydo bo‘lganiga ishoradir.
Chunki bu shoiralardan katta adabiy maktab qolganki, uning an’analari bugungi kunda ham
tadqiq etilmoqda. Ular yaratgan adabiy maktablarda yuzlab yosh shoiralar shakllangan,
ayollarning ilmli, ziyoli, diniy va dunyoviy bilimlarni mukammal egallashi ijodining pafosiga
aylangan. Tarixiy yodnomalarda, tazkiralarda ularning adabiyot nazariyasining bilimdoni ekanligi,
adabiyotning bir qancha janrlarida ijod qilganligi e’tirof etilgan. Ijodiy jarayonda ayollar obrazi
tasviri bilan ayollar adabiyotining o‘ziga xos farqli jihatlari mavjud. O‘zbek adabiyotining eng
sara asarlari ayollarga bag‘ishlangan, ularni madh etgan asarlardir. Shuning bilan birga o‘zbek
shoiralari va adibalari, ularning ijodi, adabiy merosi, mahorati ham o‘ziga xosdir. O‘zbek
adabiyotida maktab yaratgan shoiralarimiz tomonidan yaratilgan adabiy maktablarning – ayollar
adabiyotining shakllanishida o‘rni beqiyos.
XX asr o‘zbek adabiyotida mana shunday adabiy maktab yaratgan shoiralar sirasiga shoira
Zulfiya adabiy maktabini kiritishimiz mumkin. Chunki shoira Zulfiya adabiy maktabi T.Sodiqova,
H.Xudoyberdiyeva, O.Hojiyeva, G.Jo‘rayeva, H.Ahmedova singari bir qancha iste’dodli
shoiralarni yetishtirib berdi. Shubhasiz, adabiy maktab, ijodiy muhitni iste’dodlar yaratadi. Ayni
paytda bu muhit yetishib chiqayotgan ijodkorlarning saviyasini belgilaydi. Har bir adabiy
maktabning o‘rni uning ijodkorlarining iste’dodi orqali baholanishi mumkin. Ayol ijodkorlarning
ijodida ayol obrazi, ayol qalbi tasviri o‘zgacha tasvirlanadi. Ayol ijodkorlar ayol kishining
ruhiyatini erkak ijodkorlardan ko‘ra chuqurroq idrok etadi.
Shoira Zulfiya estetikasida alohida ajralib turadigan muhim jihatlar o‘zbek ayolining
mardonavorligi, ulug‘ g‘oyalarni tarannum qila olish qobiliyati, ajdodlarga xos zukkolik, Nodira,
Uvaysiy, Anbar Otin singari mumtoz shoiralar maslagiga mosligida ko‘rinadi. Bular shoiraning
asl orzulari ushalishida, she’riyatda ayol obrazining teran mushohadakor fikrlar bilan chizilishida
ko‘rinadi. Ispan faylasufi Xose Ortega-i-Gasset shunday yozadi: “Har qaysi san’atning tarixi inson
qalbining tomonlaridan birini ifodalashga bo‘lgan qator urinishlardir. Xuddi shu narsa uni boshqa
san’atlardan ajratib turadi. Bu urinishlar shunday bir egri chiziqni tashkil qiladiki, san’at
4
Румак Ю.С. Факторы формирования гендерных образов в культуре Японии:Автореф. дисс ... канд.
культурологии. – Саратов: 2010.Б.23
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1101
kamalakning yengil o‘qi kabi shu chiziq bo‘ylab zamon qa’riga o‘z maqsadi sari intiladi. Intihosiz
ufqdagi shu nuqta har qaysi san’atning yo‘nalishini, mohiyatini va ma’nosini ko‘rsatib turadi”
5
.
Haqiqatan ham, ijodkor fitratidan o‘sib chiqqan ulug‘ g‘oyalar optimistik kayfiyatga borib
tutashadi. Barcha san’at asarlarida bo‘lgani kabi sabab va oqibat falsafasi tuyg‘ular realizmini
yuzaga chiqaradi. “Ayollar adabiyoti”da ayol qalbi tasviri, qalb suvrati aynan ikki mavjudlik
jumbog‘ini tahlil qilishda yanada yorqinroq namoyon bo‘ladi.
Borliqni badiiy inkishof qilishda estetik munosabat muhim ahamiyat kasb etishi sinalgan
hodisa. Ushbu nazariy aqida va tushuncha she’riy shakl tadrijida ijodkor ideali bilan chambarchas
bog‘liq tarzda yuzaga chiqadi. O.Gassetning ijodkor olamshumul voqelik bilan ommaga tanilishi
aniq, ammo unda yuksak san’at asari uchqunlari bo‘lmasa uzoq yashay olmaydi, degan ta’rifi XX
va XXI asrlar adabiyoti ko‘zgusida o‘zining haqiqat ekanligini isbotlab turibdi. Bugun ayol
ijodkorlar olamidagi mana shu yashovchanlik davom etib, “Ayollar adabiyoti”ning shakllanishi va
davomiyligini yuzaga chiqarib turibdi desak yanglishmagan bo‘lamiz.
Istiqlol davri adabiyotida Halima Axmedova, Farida Afro‘z, Zebo Mirzo, Xosiyat
Rustamova, Xosiyat Bobomurodova kabi ijodkorlarning poetik olami, ularning badiiy ijodi
adabiyotning shakllanishida, ma’naviy xazinaning yuksalishida o‘z o‘rniga egadir. Shu bilan birga
poetik mahorati yuksak bo’lishiga qaramay asarlari yetarlicha o’rganilmagan ijodkor ayollar
talaygina. Maqsuda Ergasheva, Shahodat Isaxonova, Jamila Ergasheva kabilar shular
jumlasidandir.
REFERENCES
1.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
2.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
3.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
4.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
5.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
6.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
7.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
8.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
5
Хосе Ортега-и-Гассет. Одам Ато жаннатда. Жаҳон адиблари адабиёт ҳақида. – Т.: «Маънавият», 2010.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1102
9.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
10.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
11.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
12.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
13.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
14.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
15.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
16.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
17.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
18.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
19.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
20.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
21.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
22.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
23.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
24.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
25.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1103
26.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
27.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
28.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
29.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
30.
Tojimatova, Z. (2020, December). BIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES IN LYRIC IMAGE. In
Конференции.
31.
Akbarov A. T., Tojimatova Z. A. The harmony of the new renaissance pedagogy and the
pedagogical views of mahmudkhuja behbudi //ACADEMICIA: An International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 19-24.
32.
Vosiljonov, A. (2022). Basic theoretical principles of corpus linguistics. Academicia
Globe: Inderscience Research, 3(2), 1-3.
33.
Vosiljonov, A. (2022). LINGVISTIK TАDQIQОTLАRDА KОRPUS О ‘RGАNISH
ОBYЕKTI SIFАTIDА. IJTIMOIY FANLARDA INNOVASIYA ONLAYN ILMIY
JURNALI, 2(11), 176-182.
34.
Vosiljonov,
A.
(2022).
PRAGMALINGVISTIKA
VA
UNING
TAHLILIY
SHAKLLANISH TARIXI. Science and innovation, 1(B8), 99-105.
35.
Vosiljonov, A. (2022). PRAGMALINGUISTICS AND THE HISTORY OF ITS
ANALYTICAL DEVELOPMENT. Science and Innovation, 1(8), 99-105.
36.
Vosiljonov, A., & Isaqova, X. (2023). EFFECTIVENESS OF MOTHER TONGUE
EDUCATION IN THE PRIMARY GRADES. International journal of advanced research
in education, technology and management, 2(2).
37.
KHALIMBOYEVA, F., & VOSILJONOV, A. (2023). MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI
BOLALAR
DIQQATINI
RIVOJLANTIRISH
MUAMMOSINI
NAZARIY
OʻRGANILISHI. Journal of Pedagogical and Psychological Studies, 1(5), 94-98.
