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THE FORMATION OF NEW LEXICAL UNITS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE AND
THEIR REPRESENTATION IN MODERN MASS MEDIA
Umarov Bobir Norboyevich
Senior teacher, Uzbekistan state world languages university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15790534
Abstract:
This article aims to objectively analyze how new lexical units are formed in the
Uzbek language, the main sources and factors contributing to their emergence, and how they
are represented in contemporary mass media. Factors Influencing the Formation of New
Lexical Units.
Keywords:
Uzbek language, lexical units, neologisms, formation factors, mass media,
internet lexicon, globalization, language change.
Introduction.
Every language is a living, dynamic social phenomenon. It evolves, changes,
enriches, and develops alongside the society in which it exists. Especially today, in the context
of globalization, rapid advancement of information technologies, and the widespread influence
of mass culture, this process has accelerated significantly. In recent years, many new words and
expressions have emerged in the Uzbek language. These words are primarily spread through
the internet, social networks, and mass media, gradually penetrating everyday speech.
New
lexical units are an important subject of study in linguistics. Through them, it is possible to
observe how adaptable and responsive a language is to modern needs. In particular, the
increasing presence of English loanwords, technology-related terms, youth slang, and
expressions frequently used in the media contribute greatly to the enrichment of the Uzbek
lexicon. Some of these words are adopted directly from foreign languages, while others are
formed based on the word-formation rules of the Uzbek language.
Mass media serves not only as a tool for information dissemination, but also plays a crucial
role in shaping and popularizing new lexical items. Television broadcasts, print publications,
online articles, blogs, YouTube videos, and platforms like Telegram and TikTok often introduce
and reinforce new expressions—highlighting one of the most pressing features of language
development today[1].
Main Body
. An essential component of language development is the continual renewal of
its lexical wealth. Every new era—marked by social change, scientific advancement,
technological innovation, or cultural transformation—introduces new words into a language.
The emergence of new lexical units is driven by various factors, among which the following are
considered the most significant:
Reforms in government, the emergence of new political terminology, and ideological
shifts in society lead to the creation of new terms and expressions. Following Uzbekistan’s
independence, phrases such as “New Uzbekistan,” “policy of openness,” “people-oriented,”
“social protection,” and “mahalla-based approach” began to be widely used. These expressions
emerged out of a need to define concepts that previously had no equivalent in the language[3].
Scientific and technological development results in the creation of new objects,
phenomena, and processes that require naming. Computer technologies, artificial intelligence,
medicine, biology, and other fields continuously generate new terminology. Examples include
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“chip,” “scanner,” “online,” “programmer,” “smartphone,” and “blockchain,” all of which have
become widely used in the Uzbek language[2].
The internet is currently one of the most prolific sources of new lexical items. Platforms
such as YouTube, Telegram, TikTok, and Instagram introduce numerous words that quickly
become popular, especially among the youth, and enter everyday communication[1]. Words
like blogger, content, reels, stream, subs, challenge, post, and like are now commonly used.
Some are borrowed directly without translation, while others are adapted to Uzbek usage—for
example: layk (to press like), storiy (to post a story), follow (to follow), and subscribe (to
subscribe)[4].
As a result of globalization, other languages—particularly English—exert a strong
influence on Uzbek. Many words are borrowed directly without translation. These are often
related to technological, economic, or cultural domains and reflect the integration of Uzbek with
global terminology. Examples include: market, manager, PR, marketing, freelancer, startup,
trend, target, and deadline[4]. The internal mechanisms of the language—such as derivational
affixes, compound words, and metaphorical expressions—also contribute to the creation of
new words[6]. Examples include: driving profession, teaching profession, book lover, to call
each other, openly, and newsletter or information bulletin, all of which demonstrate the
language’s productive word-formation capabilities[5].
Conclusion.
Any change within a language reflects the transformations taking place in
society. The emergence of new lexical units in the Uzbek language in recent years is a direct
result of such social, cultural, and technological processes. These new words vividly illustrate
the dynamic, evolving, and adaptable nature of language. As discussed in this paper, the
formation of new lexical items is closely linked to socio-political shifts, the development of
science and technology, the expansion of internet culture, globalization, and the internal
resources of the language itself.
The role of mass media—particularly the internet and social
networks—is especially significant in this regard. These platforms rapidly popularize new
expressions, disseminate them to wide audiences, and integrate them into everyday speech.
However, the uncritical adoption of certain lexical units directly from foreign languages,
without adapting them to Uzbek phonological, morphological, and stylistic norms, poses
several challenges.
Therefore, in-depth study of new lexical units—their origins, structure, semantic
characteristics, and functional roles—remains a pressing task for linguistic research.
Additionally, ensuring their adaptation to the norms of the literary language, their acceptance
as official terminology, and their inclusion in dictionaries is a critical aspect of language policy.
Going forward, collaboration among linguists, journalists, and educators will be essential in
ensuring that new lexical units are culturally and scientifically grounded before being fully
assimilated into the national language.
References:
Используемая литература:
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