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PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE LARYNGITIS
Sabirova Shakhlo Bakhtiyorovna
Samieva Gulnoza Utkurovna
Bakiyev Shavkatbek Sherzodovich
Samarkand State Medical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13940168
Annotation.
Acute laryngitis is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
larynx. This disease can be both independent and a manifestation of some infectious diseases
(ARVI, influenza, whooping cough, etc.) or general somatic diseases (rheumatism, gout, blood
diseases). The cause of acute laryngitis is an infection, the pathogens of which constantly
saprophytize in the larynx and are easily activated under the influence of a number of
endogenous and exogenous factors. The occurrence of acute laryngitis is facilitated by general
and local hypothermia, unfavorable working conditions (dusty rooms, hot dry air, increased
background noise, etc.), as well as overstrain of the vocal apparatus. The disease can also be a
result of trauma, chemical and thermal burns of the larynx.
Key words:
Chronic laryngitis, larynx, acute inflammation of the mucous membrane.
Relevance.
Predisposing factors for the development of acute laryngitis are chronic foci
of inflammation: chronic pharyngitis, purulent sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, nasal breathing
disorders (curvature of the nasal septum, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, etc.), as well as
metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Histological examination of the laryngeal
mucosa in acute laryngitis determines its damage. The ciliated epithelium loses cilia or is
rejected, deeper layers of cells are preserved (they serve as a matrix for epithelial
regeneration). With a pronounced inflammatory process, metaplasia of the atrial fibrillation of
the cylindrical epithelium into a flat one may occur. The infiltration of the mucous membrane
is expressed unevenly, the blood vessels are convoluted, dilated, and overflowing with blood.
In some cases, their subepithelial ruptures are detected (more often in the area of the vocal
folds). It is known that the microflora colonizing the non–sterile parts of the respiratory tract,
including in the larynx, is represented by saprophytic microorganisms that almost never cause
diseases in humans, and conditionally pathogenic bacteria capable of causing purulent
inflammation under unfavorable conditions for the macroorganism. Microgroups that are
considered to be among the most common pathogens include S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
In addition, Moraxella catarrhalis, various types of creptococci and statilococci, primarily
representatives of the genus Neisseri, corynebacteria, etc., are most often found. The role of
atypical pathogens of infections of the ENT organs (chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc.), which, being
intracellular parasites, change the course of the underlying disease, causing inflammation of
other div tissues, is becoming increasingly relevant.
Conclusions:
Thus, at the beginning of the disease, patients complain of a feeling of
dryness, scratching, and sore throat. The voice becomes rough, hoarseness gradually develops,
sometimes up to aphonia. Voice changes are caused by inflammatory edema of the mucous
membrane of the vocal folds and larynx, increased sputum formation. On the 2nd–3rd day of
the disease, a dry cough may appear. It is accompanied by a scanty separation of viscous
mucous sputum, the amount of which may increase in the future, and the character may change
up to purulent, especially when tracheitis is attached.
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