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GENETIC TYPES OF EVAPORITES OF THE ARAL SEA CATCHMENT AREA
1
Sh.F. Sharipov
2
B.A. Mirzaev
3
A.V. Kurbonov
1
PhD, Navoi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
2
Doctoral student of Navoi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the
Republic of Uzbekistan
3
Intern researcher of Navoi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13892742
Modern continental evaporites within the Aral Sea catchment area are widely developed
and are represented by a wide variety of salt occurrences. We conducted a monographic
district description of them earlier (Rubanov, 1977), Some issues of modern halogenesis were
considered in numerous publications of the author (Rubanov, 1960-86; Rubanov and co-
authors, 1964-87).
Pioneers in the study of lake salts, salt marshes, saline soils, and mineral waters are
G.B.Leonov (1886), N.A.Di"o (1914) A.G.Bergman (1935,1946), A.G.Zens-Litovsky (1938,
1939, 1957, 1968), K.M.Feodotyev (1945), B.A., Beder (1958), I.N.Feofarova (1940),
V.A.Kovda (1946) and others.
Continental salt accumulation occurs under the influence of a number of factors (aridity,
composition of catchment rocks, water-salt availability, etc., see Chapter 4), leading to the
formation of numerous accumulative forms. The main forms of modern salt deposits
according to F.Lotze (1957) the following: salt fades, salt marshes, salt crusts and salt lakes
(lake salts). In our understanding, salt crusts are salt marshes, and the concept that Lotze puts
into the definition of a salt marsh is a shore. Salt fades are formed on the surface of rocks in
subaerial conditions due to the evaporation of mountain moisture (residual salinity) from
them, which moves to the surface of rocks under the influence of insolation.
The description of salt accumulation sites can be carried out in accordance with
classifications based on the various principles themselves. Thus, salt accumulations can be
subdivided:
1)
According to the degree of watering of the salt accumulation area: subaerial and
subaqueous;
2)
According to the types of natural waters involved in salt accumulation - atmospheric,
surface (temporary, permanent) and underground (groundwater, pressure);
3)
According to the morphotectonic features of salt accumulation sites: accumulations in
erosive basins (open and closed) and accumulations at the bottom of tectonic depressions;
4)
According to the genetic types of salt accumulation forms, salt marshes (above-ground
and subsurface), shores and salt deposits of lakes;5) по химическим типам солей - на
карбонатный, сульфатный и хлоридный;
5)
according to the mineral composition of salts - gypsum mirabilite (tenardite), halite,
astrakhanite, epsomite and others (in various combinations);
6)
according to the landscape-geomorphological features of lake salt accumulation, they
are divided into central lake (central water-bearing) and priozernye (drive-bearing), etc.
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The main genetic varieties of salt accumulation forms, established by the author
according to their relationship with the surrounding rocks, are summarized in the figure,
where saline (soil), shore and lake facies types are highlighted).
1-Salt, 2- silt, 3-salt crust, 4-water-resistant rocks (clays), 5-aquifers (sands, etc.), 6-
weak water-resistant rocks (loess, etc.), 7-ancient consolidated (Paleozoic) rocks, 8-
groundwater level and direction of water flow.
It should be said that in the literature there is a discrepancy in the understanding and
terminology of modern salt accumulations. Often, a salt marsh is understood as a saline soil
with a thin crust of salt, as well as a multi-meter salt deposit. The author systematized the
available information on these formations and specified (using the example of the studied
region) the concept for each of the identified types of continental salts – salt marsh, shore, salt
deposit.
Each of these types, in turn, is subdivided (depending on the geomorphological and
facies-lithological features of the salt accumulation site) into more detailed varieties of salt
accumulations. Further systematization of salt accumulation sites is carried out according to
the type of natural waters involved in their water-salt nutrition.
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References:
1.
Rubanov I.V. Modern continental halogenesis of the sulfate type (on the example of the
Aral Sea drainage basin). Tashkent, 1990.
2.
Rubanov I.V. et al. Chlorine-magnesium solutions (bischofite) Lake Baikal Kyzylkum is a
medicinal mineral. Uzbek Geological Journal No. 5, 1991.
3.
Rubanov I.V. et al. The research report for 1997-1999 on the topic: Lithological and
mineralogical foundations of technology for the assessment, processing of bentonite,
halite,bischofite, alunite, mummie in deposits of Uzbekistan for their practical use. IGiG AN
RUz, 1999.
