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Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
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Autumn reducing treatment against pear disease
Mukaddam MIRZAITOVA
1
Nodira SIDDIKOVA
2
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and agrotechnologies
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2020
Received in revised form
15 September 2020
Accepted 15 October 2020
Available online
30 October 2020
The article deals with the fact that protection against pear
disease is of great importance in the autumn eradicating
treatment of gardens and gives a good result. It is necessary to be
aware of what diseases are common, a description of these
diseases is necessary in order to properly organize the sequence
of measures against the disease and also against the pests of the
pear.
2181-1415/© 2020 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Intensive dwarf and semi-
dwarf orchards
Carbamide
Urea
Fungicide
Powdery mildew
Rust
Cytosporosis
Scab
Black crayfish
agricultural technology
control methods.
Нок касалликларига кузги юқори самародорли қарши
кураш чоралари
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
Интенсив митти ва ярим
митти боғлар
Карбамид Карбамид
Фунгитсид
Кукунли чириётган
Занг Ситоспороз
Қорақўтир
Қора керевит
қишлоқ хўжалиги
технологияси
Мақолада нок касалликларидан кенг кўп тарқалган
турлари ва уларга айнан куз фаслидаги қарши кураш
чоралари самарадорлиги баён қилинган. Касалликлар
қарши курашда патоген биологияси, ривожланиши
хусусиятларини эътиборга олган ҳолда тўғри кураш
чораларидан фойдаланиш керак.
1
Аssistant, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan
2
Senior Lecturer, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue - 2, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415
16
Осенняя искореняющая обработка против болезни груши
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Интенсивные карликовые
и полукарликовые сады
Карбамид
Мочевина
Фунгицид
Мучнистая роса
Ржавчина
Цитоспороз
Струп
Черные раки
агротехника
методы контроля.
В статье речь идет о том, что защита от болезни груши
большое значение имеет осенняя искореняющая обработка
садов и дает хороший результат. Нужно быть в курсе какие
болезни
распространены,
описание
этих
болезней
необходимо для того чтобы правильно организовывать
последовательность мероприятий против болезни а также
и против вредителей груши.
In Uzbekistan, large-scale work is being carried out to grow fruit and vegetable products,
improve their quality, as well as create intensive gardens by increasing the species of fruit plant
seedlings. According to medical regulations, one person needs 56.4 kilograms of fruit per year.
Today this figure is 69.7 kilograms. As you know, in recent years, the development of intensive
gardens has spread throughout the world. In Uzbekistan, the cultivation of intensive orchards
from dwarf and semi-dwarf trees is carried out in order to fully meet the needs of the population
of the republic in fruits, expand the range of products on the markets, create opportunities to
increase the export potential of our country.[5]
Today, our fruits and melons are exported to Germany, India, United Arab Emirates, USA,
South Korea, Turkey and the CIS countries.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Uzbekistan, in order to
expand such orchards in dekhkans and farms, a program of specific targeted measures has been
developed. In recent years, similar gardens have been established on 50 thousand hectares, of
which intensive gardens have been created on 14 thousand hectares. In the Samarkand and
Tashkent regions, 1,300 hectares are occupied by intensive gardens, in the Navoi region - 750
hectares, in the Kashkadarya region - 600, in the Surkhandarya, Namangan and Andizhan
regions - 400 hectares each. [4]
Recall that on the territory of Uzbekistan there are about 4500 species of wild higher
plants and more than 2000 species of mushrooms Common pear diseases.
Black cancer
The disease affects the bark of the plant, skeletal branches, foliage, and then the fruit.
Initially, small wounds appear at the lesions, which increase in size over time. Bright brown
spots appear along their contours. Traces can also be found on leaves and fruits. They look like
red spots. The disease leads to the appearance of black rot on the fruits: they decrease in size
and mummify. To protect against disease, it is necessary to timely clean the area of fallen leaves
and burn them. Damaged areas are removed with a knife along with 2 cm of healthy wood
around. The site of exposure is disinfected. [2]
Fruit rot
The fungal disease moniliosis leads to the fact that the fruits of the culture begin to rot.
The likelihood of developing an infection increases in the second half of summer. At first, small
brown spots can be found on the fruits. Over time, they grow and cover the entire surface. At
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue - 2, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415
17
the same time, the affected fruits do not crumble, but continue to hang on the tree, becoming a
source of infection for healthy crops. To stop the disease, damaged fruits should be harvested
and destroyed, after which it is recommended to treat the plant with a fungicide. [1]
Scab
This disease is considered the most insidious and dangerous. The scab affects fruits,
leaves, flowers and shoots of fruit trees. If the disease is not recognized and cured in time, the
culture will die. A high risk of developing scab is observed with prolonged heavy rains and cool
weather, as well as with dense plantings of trees with poor ventilation. Small spots appear on
the foliage, which gradually grow to large sizes. [6]
With a massive scab infection, the fruits will be small and rare. They are often covered
with many dark spots.
In autumn, pears are treated against diseases and pests, pathogens and larvae of which
winter well in the soil, fallen leaves or damaged tree bark. Before starting to deal with rust or
scab on a pear in the fall, thorough preparation is carried out.
- Cut off all damaged branches;
- Cleans the trunk from all kinds of growths, swellings, flaky bark.
- Remove fallen leaves, cut shoots and burn them.
If in the summer, to combat diseases of pears, sparing methods are used, namely the use
of biological products and folk remedies, then in the fall you can use chemical preparations or
fungicides.
A suspension of colloidal sulfur. It is prepared as follows: 40 grams of powder is
thoroughly ground and dissolved in 1 liter of water. Sulfur does not dissolve well, but it settles
well on the shoots, providing a healing and protective effect. [6]
Good results in the treatment of pears from rust in the fall are shown by the drug "Svor",
especially if it is used together with the antibacterial agent "Fitoldavin".
Fungicides "Horus" and "Tolsin-M" will help to fight scab on a pear in autumn. These
drugs are powerful and can accumulate in plant tissues.
Treatment of trees from fruit rot begins immediately after the first signs of the disease
are detected. Measures to combat pear fruit rot in autumn are as follows:
- thorough cleaning of all plant residues;
- spraying plants with fungicides "Hom", "Topaz", "Abiga-Peak";
- treatment of the root circle with a solution of "Fitosorin", copper or iron vitriol, they also
spray the crown with the purpose of prevention. [3]
It should be noted that modern drugs stay on the surface of the plant, so precipitation
does not reduce their effectiveness. In order to avoid the development of addiction, it is
necessary to alternate the use of drugs. Fungicides can be used both for treatment and
prevention of diseases of pear trees and other fruit pome crops.
REFERENCES.
1. Hannibal FB, Bilder IV, Uli-Mattila T. Species of the genus Alternaria on an apple
// Mycology and phytopathology. 2008. Volume 42. Issue. 1.S. 20-27.
2. Gagkaeva T.Yu., Levitin M.M. Alternaria - a new dangerous apple disease in the
south of Russia // Agro XXI. 1999. No. 10. S. 12-13.
3. Protection of pome crops: practical recommendations / V.S. Komardina, E.N.
Koltun, S.V. Soroka, N.V. Kazakevich. Minsk, 2015.74 p.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue - 2, №01 (2020) / ISSN 2181-1415
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4. Hoshimova, S., and M. Mirzaitova. "VENTURIA INAEGUALES-APPLE DIFFICULTY."
Science and Engineering Research: Interdisciplinary Dialogue and Integration (2019): 43-
45.
5. Siddikova, Nodira Kamiljanova, Kh. Kh. Nuraliev, and GD Abdullaeva. "EFFECTIVE
MEASURES TO CONTROL FOREST DISEASES." Life Sciences and Agriculture 2-2 (2020).
6. Sotvoldiev Sh., Mirzaitova M. PHYTOPATOGENIC FUNGI // Research in the field
of natural and technical sciences: interdisciplinary dialogue and integration. - 2019. - S. 40-
42.
