Исследование экстралингвистической и лингвистической классификации терминосистемы в геологии (на основе английских и узбекских терминов)

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Society and innovations

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Investigating of extralinguistic and linguistic classification of
terminological system in geology (on the materials of English and
Uzbek terms in the sphere of geology)

Lola RIKHSIEVA

1

Uzbek State World Languages University

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Article history:

Received February 2021
Received in revised form
20 February 2021
Accepted 15 March 2021
Available online
15 April 2021

The article analyzes the peculiarities of terminological system

in the sphere of geology. In particular, features related to factors
such as extralinguistic and linguistic as the main aspects of
terminological area. The article studies the classification of terms
taking an account of these two factors to disclose the pivotal
components of terminological system in geology.

2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)

Keywords:

terms,
geology,
terminological system,
classification,
extralinguistic and
linguistic factors.

Геология

терминосистемасидаги

экстралингвистик

ва

лингвистик таснифлашининг тадқиқи (геология соҳасидаги
инглиз ва ўзбек тилларидаги терминлар асосида)

АННОТАЦИЯ

Калит сўзлар:

терминлар,
геология,
терминологик тизим,
тасниф,
экстралингвистик
ва лингвистик
омиллар.

Мақолада геология соҳасидаги терминосистеманинг

ўзига хос хусусиятлари таҳлил қилинган. Хусусан,
экстралингвистика

ва

лингвистика

каби

омиллар

терминологик майдоннинг асосий жиҳатлари эканлиги
баён этилган. Мақолада геология терминосистемасининг
муҳим компонентларини очиб бериш учун айнан шу
икки омиллар ҳисобга олинган ҳолда терминларнинг
таснифланишини устида тадқиқот олиб борилган.

1

Senior lecturer, the Department of English translation theory and practice, Uzbek State World Languages University,

Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: lola.rihsieva@mail.ru.

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Исследование экстралингвистической и лингвистической
классификации терминосистемы в геологии (на основе
английских и узбекских терминов)

АННОТАЦИЯ

Ключевые слова:

термины,
геология,
терминологическая
система,
классификация,
экстралингвистические
и лингвистические
факторы.

В статье анализируются особенности терминологической

системы в области геологии. В частности, особенности,
связанные с такими факторами, как экстралингвистические и
лингвистические, которые являются основными аспектами
терминологической

сферы.

В

статье

исследуется

классификация

терминов

с

учетом

двух

факторов,

позволяющая

выявить

основные

компоненты

терминологической системы в геологии.

INTRODUCTION
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the increased interest of

modern linguistics to the problems of word nomination in the geological sphere, the
definition of ways of forming the lexical composition of geological terminology. Both in
theoretical and practical importance, the problem of English and Uzbek geological
terminology in a comparative aspect has not become an object of special study by linguists.
The study of geological terminology is also essential for aspects of linguistics, reflecting the
structural, semantic and grammatical features of geological terms, including such sections
as lexicology, lexicography, stylistics. Geological terminology is one of the components of
the vocabulary due to the peculiarities of the structural, semantic, word-formation and
stylistic nature, differs from other terminological systems and occupies a special place in
the language system.Terminological issues were applied in linguists’ research works such
as G.O. Vinokur, A.S. Gerd, V.M. Leychik, D.S. Lotte, K. Kageura, D. Sageder, S. Jacobson,
Sh. Abdullaeva

G. Abdurahmonov,

S.A. Azizov,

X.D. Paluanova,

D.X. Kadirbekova,

O.S. Akhmedov. Although there is a lot of research done in the field of terminology, there
are also some unexplored problems related to the nature of the term, the study and
solution of which implies a new approach to modern linguistic trends.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
V.M. Leychik stated that there are three approaches to the study of terminological

systems. The first approach is a logical approach, which allows us to distinguish the terms
that define the basic and complex concepts of the system [3]. Through this approach, terms
are defined by a theory that is the basis of a system of objects and concepts in a particular
field. The second approach is the linguistic approach, which shows how terms are
expressed in the system as lexical units as semantics and structures. Terms can have
different structures, and only their semantically close proximity to each other ensures that
they are integrated into system. The third approach combines the first and second
approaches which demonstrates the relationship between the term and the terminological
system, indicating its place in the terminological system. According to the formation of
terminological system which involves the following components: a) ensuring the existence
of a general conceptual system relevant to the sphere, b) showing the connection of a

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specific field of knowledge with other specific disciplines or fields, c) having a very clear
theory which describes the sphere and classifies the terms; g) the existence of a special
language developed in terminography. In our opinion, the problems of terminology and
terminological system remain relevant today. There is also much debate among scholars
about the meaning of the term and its function and we disclose the peculiarities of
geological terms in its terminological system.

RESULTS AND ITS DISCUSSION
The formation of terminological system based on the classification scheme assist to

distinguish term-specific features in the system. The basis of all classifications is the various
individual characteristics of the terms - content (composition), formal, functional, linguistic
and non-linguistic [2]. The

first classification

of geological terms in English and Uzbek is the

content of terms, so the terms are divided into practical or concrete (by observation) and
theoretical (abstract) terms. Practical terms are used to name real phenomena and objects:
rocks

(тоғ жинслари)

, magma

(магма– оловли суюқ масса),

crystal

(кристалл ёки

шаффоф минерал)

, lithogenesis

(литогенез– тоғ жинсларини ҳосил қилувчи жараён)

and theoretical terms are used to name abstract concepts. Abstracts are concepts that
describe the properties of objects and cannot exist independently without these objects:
“Mohs hardness” (diamond) –

“Моос шкаласи бўйича қаттиқлик” (олмос),

“ore” minerals

(gold, copper) –

“маъданли” минераллар (олтин, мис).

The

second classification

of terms is carried out by distribution in specific directions, in

other words by science or field. This list of industries or industries can be generalized in the
following types:

science, engineering, and manufacturing

. In the field of science, a specific

group of terms is defined and called scientific terminology. This group is divided into classes
related to the fields of science at different stages of scientific and technological development.
For example, in geology, terms related to the mathematical sciences: геометрик
градийент

(geometry)

mainly in the geodesy of geology, terms related to the natural and

scientific sciences: ecliptic plane –

эклиптика текислиги

, Earth ellipsoid or Earth spheroid –

Ер эллипсоиди (astronomy)

; metal halide-

металл галогени

, оксид, сулфидлар mainly

темир сулфиди FeS

(chemistry);

слуида-

бир томонлама,

пироксен –

икки томонлама,

калцит –

уч томонлама,

галенит –

куб бўйлаб,

сфалерит-

олти томонлама;

ромбсимон(physics)

, terms related to the social sciences: геосинклинал ўлкалар[4]–

ҳаракатчанг ҳуддуд (geography)

are widely applied.

The

third classification

of terms is based on linguistically specific features that help to

distinguish polysemantic terms from monosemantic terms that have two or more meanings
within a single terminological system according to their semantic structure [6]. For example,
when the word coal

(тошкўмир)

is used as a term in the sphere of geology, in the process of

translation in

petrography

– arock

( тоғ жинси), in mining

– a mineral

(фойдали қазилма);

Also included in this classification are synonymy and units that represent indicators of
elements and measurements. For example, syngony or symmetry of crystals –

кристалларнинг сингонияси ёки симметрияси, яъни шакли ёки кўриниши
(синонимия)

; magmatic –

магматик

ва metamorphism–

метаморфизм

жараёнлари,

density of rocks and weight of minerals – g/cm

(тоғ жинсларнинг зичлик ва маъданли

минералларнинг оғирлик ўлчов бирлиги),

light energy unit – j/sec

(ёруғлик нур

энергиясининг ҳаракат тезлигининг даражаси)

, mineral hardness unit Mohs hardness –

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“Моос шкаласи бўйича қаттиқлик”

[1], parameters units of measurement extension = e –

кенгайтма

; unit of traction = pascal (Pa)

– (тортиш кучи ўлчов бирлиги)

, as well as

indicators of chemical elements Au, Fe, C, S –

(олтин, темир, олмос, олтингугурт).

In the next

fourth classification

, geological terms are classified according to a very

different structure. The defined terms are divided into cognate, derivative, complex,
abbreviated structure: caldera, exogenous, endogenous, endomorphic, endomorphism,
brittle-ductile iron, GPS, GNSS.[5]Sometimes the terms can be found in poly lexeme
terms of more than 3 or even 4 words: plate collusion-induced tectonic –

(тектоник

плиталарнинг тўқнашуви).

The process of absorption of terms is a complex phenomenon and is closely linked

with linguistic and extralinguistic factors such as polysemantic, synonymy, division of
terms related to their content and subdivision in specific fields. The following classification
schemes of terms facilitate to clarify the components of terminological system in geology.

Geological terms

Extralingustic factors

practical (concrete terms)

theoretical (absract terms)

subdivision of terms in specific fields

Tab 1. The classification scheme of extralinguistic factors

Geological terms

Linguistic factors

polysemantic

synonymy and units of elements and measurements.

structural

Tab 2. The classification scheme of linguistic factors

CONCLUSION
In the process of investigating of English and Uzbek geological terms revealed the

following extralinguistic features as existence concepts and description of this field,
namely geology and also relation to other disciplines such as geometry, astronomy,
geography, chemistry, physics. The findings of modern research on different
terminological systems prove that there is no difference between terminology and
common language. It is emphasized that the terminology system follows the same rules
and laws as language units for general purposes. The investigation defines the process of
creating terms should be continuous and terminological system should be ready to
introduce linguistic elements. The transparent description, methods of classification based
on extra linguistic and linguistic factors assist to expand and improve the process such as
developing and clarifying the terminological system and knowledge in general.

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