Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
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The methods of teaching italian phraseological units
Malika RUSTAMOVA
1
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received March 2021
Received in revised form
20 March 2021
Accepted 15 April 2021
Available online
20 May 2021
Phraseological units are considered to be one of the main
components of any language. And it expresses the correlation
between language and culture. Therefore, the language user
needs to know what messages phraseological units carry in
order to be able to understand given units properly. The Italian
is not an exception. In the following article the best approaches
of teaching Italian phraseological units are investigated.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
phraseological units,
authentic language,
text,
teaching methods,
teaching materials,
culture.
Italiya frazeologik birliklarini o‘qitish metodikasi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
frazeologik birliklar,
haqiqiy til,
matn,
o‘qitish usullari,
o‘quv materiallari,
madaniyat.
Frazeologik birliklar har qanday tilning asosiy tarkibiy
qismlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Va bu til va madaniyat o‘rtasidagi
munosabatni ifodalaydi. Binobarin, til foydalanuvchisi ushbu
birliklarni to‘g‘ri tushunish uchun qaysi xabarlarda frazeologik
birliklar borligini bilishi kerak. Italiyaliklar ham bundan
mustasno emas. Ushbu maqola italyancha frazeologik birliklarni
o‘qitishning eng yaxshi yondashuvlarini yoritib beradi.
1
Lecturer of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 4 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
167
Методика обучения итальянскому фразеологизму
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
фразеологизмы,
аутентичный язык,
текст,
методика обучения,
учебные материалы,
культура.
Фразеологические единицы считаются одним из
основных компонентов любого языка. И это выражает
взаимосвязь между языком и культурой. Следовательно,
пользователю языка необходимо знать, какие сообщения
несут фразеологизмы, чтобы правильно понимать данные
единицы. Итальянцы не исключение. В данной статье
исследуются лучшие подходы к преподаванию итальянских
фразеологизмов.
Teaching phraseological units is one of the most challenging tasks and of much
importance for the learners of Italian. Phraseological units confuse the learners of a foreign
language much. That is mainly because of the fact that meaning changes morphologically.
Phraseological units possess literal meaning. There are several methods of teaching Italian
phraseological units. A more natural approach perhaps, is to teach phraseological units in
a text. Whenever language is used in context and students usually better learn in context.
In authentic texts like novel extracts, stories the relationship between the words is often
loose. This helps to reducing the changes of confusion over the messages the words bear
in contexts. Authentic language use is urgently important to teach phraseological units not
only in Italian but also all languages.
As a way to draw the attention of students to very phraseological units, they should
underline in a text all the phraseological units which. This enables them to notice easily.
Then, in groups, teachers are recommended to ask to guess their meanings judging from
their semantic relationship in a context. Trying to define the new word's meaning from
context is a key technique in boosting vocabulary stock in Italian. It is identified as the one
of three primary strategies to cope with unknown vocabulary. The next step involves
moving from recognition to production. Some teachers make role-plays in this stage,
others prefer to make up common situations then asking students to make phraseological
units their own by producing a text along similar lines to the original. Finding
meaningfulness, understanding texts cognitively and tacitly can be formed with the help of
this method. This task is called
personalization task.
Teachers use also a method called
concept checking. In this method they first give the phraseological units without contexts
and ask them to try to find the meanings based on the syntactic relationships of the
components. Students can answer based on their background knowledge. This also can be
conducive to successful vocabulary learning. There are a few ways to do this. Presenting
and teaching phraseological units is not so hard as they seem for most teachers. The most
important aspect is that students are not overwhelmed and intimidated by the methods
that teachers apply to present new phraseological units.
●
First of all teachers of Italian language should avoid presenting massive lists of
phraseological units to students at once. Keeping lists short and simple can bring positive
results as Italian phraseological units are a little bit hard to memorize.
●
Secondly, using a method called
Total Physical Response
which involves acting out
the phraseological units can be an easy way to instill phraseological units in mind. In this
method several students will serve as instructors, the rest should perform the action that
the phraseological units mean.
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●
Thirdly, teachers should try to teach the current units in contexts to build up vivid
imagination of how to use in real cases. Teach phraseological units that are related by
context and subject. This will better increase the rate of the usage of phrases. That is
perhaps due to the fact that even if students learn phraseological units, yet they hardly
know when to use appropriately. They are afraid of making mistakes and thus in due
course it minimizes the probability of using phraseological units in practice.
The study of any foreign language is impossible to imagine without addressing to
phraseology. It represents one of the most challenging part for learning language levels.
Collocations, idioms, phrasal verbs can be salient examples of phraseological units. An
idiom’s meaning has very little to do with the individual words that contains the whole
phraseological units. As an example,
“Fare ilchilo!”
this idiom means “To make the
kilo”literally yet it means completely different meaning. Or another example is that
“Facciamo ilchilo”
means “Let’s rest after lunch”. We should fully appreciate the meaning
and richness of Italian idioms. The true meanings of idioms are inextricably related to the
history, beliefs and traditions of the nation. The Italian idiom
“Capita a fagiolo”
means
“happens at the bean”, literally. But it refers something to happen at exactly the right
moment. They are the manifestations of the idioms which states that teaching Italian
idioms requires teachers to have wide knowledge. As we have seen obviously, learning a
foreign language deeply means not only pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary but
phraseological units. The Italian language is full of phraseological units. The main
representatives of phraseological units are
idioms, phrases, phrasal verbs and set
expressions, aphorisms, maxims, proverbs and sayings.
Those who have learned these set
expressions well are the treasurers of language. They speak rationally, understandably, in
compact manner. Phraseological units
✔
increase our vocabulary
✔
enrich the language
✔
make it more interesting and vibrant
✔
enables learners to speak more fluently and accurately
✔
makes their speech more understandable
✔
helps them write or sound more native-like
The importance of phraseological knowledge in Italian language competence is
beyond dispute. We have talked about teaching methods above that are of great
importance for their guidance in any instructional circumstance. As far as teaching
materials are concerned, there are many types that can be used to teach phraseological
units in Italian.
⮚
paper-based (textbooks),
⮚
electronic (corpus, computer software),
⮚
audio-visual (video, television programs, audio tapes, visual aids)
Initially our focus will be on the paper-based instructional materials. Teaching
methods and teaching materials are essential to teach the meaning of phraseological units,
and to teach how to use them correctly and effectively in due course and due order. Usage
of phraseological units is delicate as if the user uses them correctly, he sounds well but if
the opposite happens, he sounds like a spoiler of a language. It sounds utopian to expect
schoolers to be master at phraseological units as a result of the limited number of lessons.
Teaching idioms in spoken form, not written, and explaining to students how they are
conversational, rather than formal can be one of the desirable and effective methods of
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teaching phraseological units. Practicing the phraseological units in dialogue helps them
to understand they’re used in spoken colloquial Italian. Teaching on thematic basis also is
an effective way of teaching phraseological units as it is easier to keep them in mind when
they are given idioms thematically. Teaching with pictures is welcome by visual learners
and visual learners account for the most percentages of foreign language learners. Using
small groups to present dialogues, organizing collaborative activities are recommended to
apply as they can interact with peers and share fun in learning. As it is stated in English
proverb
two heads are better than one
. Guessing Games can be effective as in the following.
Teacher should write three or four idioms on the board that all touch on one theme,
students work in groups to see if they can guess the meaning of the phraseological units.
Here pupils or students should use their conceptualization skills based on the
morphological, syntactic and semantic features of the relationship of phraseological units.
Speaking activities, discussion or pair-work can be challenging. Accordingly, they are
hugely motivating, and they bear their fruits in near or far future. It is always peculiar and
unusual for foreigners. Phraseology is able to express both the peculiarities of the language
and the attitude of its speakers, the peculiarities of their culture and life, mentality.
Phraseological units reflect the poetic experience of the people, their stereotypes of the
picture of the world. Linguists have conducted many studies of phraseological units and
some of their features are highlighted. One of the main features of a phraseological unit is
the stability of its lexical composition. Another important factor is that the phraseological
unit is only reproduced by the speaker. Different languages reflect the world around them
in different ways and represent different perceptions of the world, thus, the linguistic
picture of the world all ethnic groups are strikingly different. This fact makes it difficult to
understand and adapt to a foreign culture, since people most often try to interpret
phraseological units within their usual picture of the world.
Not all phraseological units can be translated on verbatim basis.
An uncomfortable situation may arise here and there when Italian speaker use the
following proverbs and the partner hardly knows the meaning of them.
Cane non
mangiacane
– A dog does not eat a dog,
Chi ha paura di ogni foglia non va nel bosco
– if you are afraid of wolves, do not go to
the forest,
Prendere due piccioni con una fava
– If you chase after two hares, you will not catch
a single one.
Another interesting phraseological unit concerns the cat.
Gattoselvaggio,
which literally translates as “wild cat” means the person of freedom
and independence, as well as unpredictability. If one doesn’t know the cross-cultural
differences, he or she feels to have been offended after hearing this idiom in Italian
language. The internal content of a phraseological unit often reflects different aspects of
people’s lives, their behavior. You can also find some character traits that representatives
of the ethnic group attribute to one or another animal, transferred to the character of a
person or for a certain situation. In general, as we have seen above the features are
expressed figuratively in phraseological units. Through the study of this aspect of the
language, I have tried to show the best modes of teaching phraseological units in Italian
language.
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