Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
Anti-erosion technologies and technical means for tillage in the
conditions of Uzbekistan
Shakhnoza BURANOVA
1
, Yunus TILAVOV
2
, Zulpikar TUYMURADOV
3
Karshi State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2021
Received in revised form
20 April 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online
15 June 2021
In the article, it is shown the necessity of the development of
anti-erosion moisture-saving technical means of soil cultivation
in the conditions of Uzbekistan. New technologies and technical
means of soil cultivation are presented, contributing to the
prevention of water erosion, the preservation and the
accumulation of moisture in the arable layer.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
water erosion,
soil,
moisture conservation,
technology,
plow-ripper,
paraplow,
slope.
O‘zbekiston sharoitida eroziyaga qarshi texnologiya va
shudgorlash uchun texnik vositalar
ANNATATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
suv eroziyasi,
tuproq,
namlikni tejash,
texnologiya,
shudgorlash,
paraplov,
qiyalik.
O‘zbekiston sharoitida tuproqni etishtirishning eroziyaga
qarshi namlikni tejaydigan texnik vositalarini yaratish zaruriyati
ko‘rsatilgan. Suv eroziyasining oldini olish, haydaladigan
qatlamda namlikni saqlash va to‘planishiga yordam beradigan
yangi texnologiyalar va tuproqni etishtirishning texnik vositalari
namoyish etilmoqda.
1
Lecturer of the department of technological education, Karshi State University. Karshi, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: umidshah@bk.ru.
2
PhD, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Technological Education, Karshi State University, Karshi, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: tilavov56@mail.ru.
3
PhD, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Technological Education, Karshi State University. Karshi, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: tuymuradov.z@mail.ru.
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Issue – 2 № 3 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
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Антиэрозионные технологии и технические средства для
почвы в условиях Узбекистана
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
водная эрозия,
почва,
влагосбережение,
технология,
плуг-рыхлитель,
параплау,
склон.
Показана необходимость разработки противоэрозионных
влагосберегающих технических средств обработки почвы в
условиях Узбекистана. Приведены новые технологии и
технические средства обработки почвы, способствующие
предотвращению водной эрозии, сохранению и накоплению
влаги в пахотном слое.
INTRODUCTION
The soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan make it possible to obtain high-
quality crop products. However, the lack of soil moisture and the unstable nature of
moisture constrain the growth of agricultural production, especially in rainfed agriculture.
A feature of the climate is a low amount of precipitation, frequent recurrence of long
periods without rain (droughts), and strong hot winds that systematically occur at low
relative humidity and high air temperatures. The deficit of productive moisture is caused
not only by the lack of atmospheric precipitation but also by their irrational use.
It should be recognized that the existing system of machines for plant growing,
created mainly for optimal soil and climatic conditions, does not meet the requirements
for the most complete accumulation and conservation of soil moisture. As a result, more
than 70% of the cultivated area in Uzbekistan is, to one degree or another, subject to water
erosion. Water erosion is strongly manifested on slopes with finely cultivated soil,
especially during heavy rains [14-17].
In the system of agrotechnical methods, the main moisture-saving role is assigned
to methods of soil cultivation, which should ensure the most complete accumulation of
moisture from atmospheric precipitation in the root layer and prevent its evaporation
through the treated soil layer. Therefore,to prevent water runoff and soil washout it is
necessary to apply special anti-erosion soil cultivation technologies [6-9, 14-16].
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for the development and
implementation of anti-erosion technologies and technical means for soil cultivation in
Uzbekistan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and
statistics were used in this study.
RESEARCH RESULTS
It is known that one of the most effective moisture-saving technologies is loosening
the topsoil while preserving stubble and other crop residues on its surface. Such a well-
loosened soil layer mulched with plant residues prevents capillary evaporation of
moisture from the underlying layers and allows more preservation of residual soil
moisture reserves. A moisture-protective layer in an ideal form can be created by a tillage
cutter that performs fine crumbling loosening of the soil, complete cutting of weeds,
embedding their seeds, as well as good crushing of plant residues.
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The most realistic and quite effective technology is loosening the topsoil with
crushing plant residues with a simultaneous loosening of the arable layer and rolling. The
combination of these operations can be carried out with a combined tool (Fig. 1a),
consisting of active working bodies in the form of a cutter, flat-cutting working bodies, and
a support-leveling roller installed behind them. The latter provides additional crumbling,
pressing stubble to the soil surface, leveling, and compaction of the loosened soil layer. The
combination of the work of the roller and flat-cutting bodies improves their stability at a
small depth. After the passage of such a combined plow-ripper, 85-95% of plant residues
remain on the soil surface, which significantly reduces the evaporation of soil moisture
[3, 8, 15].
Ripper-plow [17, 18], equipped with 1 and 2 different-sized working bodies of the
“paraplow” type (Fig. 1b). When the cultivator is working, the bottom of the cultivated field
is stepped, which allows the retention and accumulation of soil moisture and the
elimination of subsurface erosion on sloping lands. Depending on the steepness of the
slope, the distance between the cut grooves can be changed by placing the lower working
bodies 2 through several upper working bodies 1. If necessary, the working bodies 2 with
a higher height can be equipped with dumps 3 [18]. When such a tool is operating on
slopes, a stepped bottom of the furrow with a periodic deepening (subsoil ridges),
intersecting the compacted bottom and surface ridges, is obtained (Fig. 1c).
Fig. 1. Schemes of tools for the implementation of moisture-saving technologies: a)
a ripper with active and passive working bodies; b) a two-level plow-ripper with
moldboard and moldboardless working bodies of the “paraplow” type; c) cross-section of
a field processed by a two-tier ripper plow with moldboard and moldboardless working
bodies; d) a plow for stepped plowing.
In the developed plow for smooth-stepped plowing [1-3], bodies 1 and 3 are located
with an offset relative to each other, on which guide plates 2 and 4 are installed with
working surfaces facing the screw plowshare-moldboard surfaces of the bodies (Fig. 1, d).
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Even bodies 3 are made with a greater height H
1
and a capture width b
1
, and an odd div
1 with a lower height H and a capture width b. The capture width of the even div 3 is
equal to b
1
= b + K (H
1
-H), where H is the height of the odd bodies; H
1
– the height of the
even buildings; K is a coefficient that takes into account the ratio of the width of the div
to the depth of processing.
The length of the guide plate 4 of the even bodies 3 is less than the length of the
guide plate 2 of the odd bodies 1 by 0.25L, i.e. L
1
= 0.75L, where L is the length of the guide
plate of the odd div.
When the plow is working across the slope, the div 1 with a lower height H and a
working width b, penetrating the soil, separates a layer of thickness a1 from the bottom of
the furrow and, interacting with the guide plate 2, wraps it 180° into its furrow. Then, the
housing 3 with a greater height H
1
and a working width b1 separates the layer with a
thickness of a
2
from the bottom of the furrow and, interacting with the short guide plate 4,
wraps it by 135°. After the passage of the plow, a stepped bottom of the furrow and a ridged
surface of arable land is formed. The combination of the stepped bottom of the furrow with
the ridged surface of the arable land contributes to the retention of water and the exclusion
of soil washout after heavy rainfall.
FINDINGS
1) Protection of the soil of slopes from wind and water erosion, improvement of
quality indicators of basic tillage, reduction of its energy intensity can be achieved through
the introduction of new technologies and technical means of soil cultivation.
2) Applications a ripper with active and passive working bodies, a two-tier plow-
ripper with moldboard and plowless working bodies of the “paraplow” type, and a plow
for smooth-step plowing help prevent water erosion, preserve and accumulate moisture
in the soil.
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