Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
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The interaction of constitutional court and other state bodies
Maftuna ABDULLAYEVA
1
Tashkent State Law University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2021
Received in revised form
20 August 2021
Accepted 15 September 2021
Available online
11 October 2021
The article analyzes the issues of improving constitutional control,
ways to increase its effectiveness. The subject of the research is the
legislative foundations of constitutional justice in Uzbekistan. The actual
issues of interaction between the Constitutional Court of Uzbekistan,
and the state bodies of Uzbekistan, the parliament, government and the
Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan within the system of
separation of powers are indicated.
In order to analyze the current state, the author briefly shows the
role of constitutional justice. Taking into account the specifics of the
functional purpose, powers and legal consequences caused by the
adoption of final decisions, the Constitutional Court occupies a special
place not only within the judicial system, but also in the whole
mechanism of exercising state power in our country, which allows it to
be considered as an independent and independent div of state power,
standing from the point of view of its constitutional and legal status on
a par with President, parliament and government.
Analysis of the current state of constitutional review allows us to
note the following. The control carried out by the Constitutional Court
needs to improve its legal framework and the practice of exercising
constitutional control. The absence of the proper determination of the
legal framework of the interaction of Constitutional Court with other
state bodies makes constitutional review ineffective.
The issues of introducing the consideration the gaps in law by the
Constitutional Court, granting citizens right to apply to the
Constitutional Court were considered. The author claims that when
introducing this practice, the analysis of the experience of foreign
countries is especially relevant.
In conclusion, measures to improve the cooperation of the
Сonstitutional Court with state bodies of Uzbekistan, taking into account
the peculiarities of its constitutional and legal status are proposed.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
constitutional justice,
the separation of powers,
interaction,
the Supreme Court,
mutual cooperation.
1
PhD, researcher, Tashkent State Law University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
E-mail: mary.lennox.92@mail.ru
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Конституциявий
суд
ва
бошқа
давлат
органлари
муносабатлари
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
конституциявий одил
судлов,
ҳокимиятлар бўлиниши,
ўзаро муносабат,
Олий суд,
ўзаро ҳамкорлик.
Мақолада
конституциявий
назоратни
такомиллаштириш масалалари, уни самарадорлигини
ошириш
йўллари
таҳлил
қилинган.
Ўзбекистонда
конституциявий одил судловнинг қонунчилик асослари
тадқиқот предметини ташкил қилади. Ҳокимиятлар
бўлиниши
тизимида
Ўзбекистон
Республикаси
Конституциявий суди ва бошқа давлат органлари,
парламент, ҳукумат ва Ўзбекистон Республикаси Олий суди
ўртасидаги ўзаро муносабатларнинг долзарб масалалари
ёритилган.
Муаллиф амалдаги ҳолатни таҳлил қилиш учун
конституциявий судловнинг ролини қисқача кўрсатиб
ўтади. Якуний қарорлар қабул қилишдан келиб чиқадиган
функционал мақсад, ваколат ва ҳуқуий оқибатларнинг
ўзига
хос
хусусиятларидан
келиб
чиққан
ҳолда,
Конституциявий суднинг нафақат суд тизимида, балки
давлат
ҳокимиятининг
амалга
оширишнинг
бутун
механизмида алоҳида ўрин тутиши қайд этилади. Бу уни
конституциявий ва ҳуқуқи мақоми нуқтаи назаридан
Президент, парламент ва ҳукумат билан бир қаторда давлат
ҳокимияти органи сифатида кўриб чиқишга имкон беради.
Конституциявий назоратнинг ҳозирги ҳолатини таҳлил
қилиш асосида қуйидагиларни қайд этиш мумкин.
Конституциявий суд томонидан амалга ошириладиган
назоратнинг
норматив-ҳуқуқий
асослари
ҳамда
конституцииявий назоратни амалга ошириш амалиётини
такомиллаштириш талаб қилади. Конституциявий суднинг
бошқа давлат органлари билан муносабатларининг аниқ
ҳуқуқий
асосларининг
мустаҳкамланмаганлиги
конституциявий назоратни самарадорлигини пасайтиради.
Конситуциявий суд томонидан ҳуқуқдаги бўшлиқларни
кўриб чиқиш, бу борада фуқароларнинг мурожаат қилиш
ҳуқуқини бериш масалалари атрофлича кўриб чиқилди.
Муаллиф ушбу амалиётни жорий қилишда хорижий
мамлакатларнинг бу борадаги тажрибасини эътиборга
олиш лозим, деб таъкидлайди.
Хулоса
қисмида,
Конституциявий
суднинг
конституциявий ва ҳуқуқий мақомининг ўзига хос
хусусиятларини ҳисобга олган ҳолда давлат органлари
билан ҳамкорлигини такомиллаштириш бўйича таклифлар
илгари сурилган.
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Взаимоотношения конституционного суда с другими
органами власти
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
конституционное
правосудие,
разделение властей,
взаимодействие,
Верховный суд,
взаимное сотрудничество.
В статье анализируются вопросы совершенствования
конституционного
контроля,
пути
повышения
его
эффективности.
Предметом
исследования
выступает
законодательные основы конституционного правосудия в
Республике
Узбекистан.
Освещены
вопросы
взаимодействия Конституционного суда Узбекистана с
государственными органами Узбекистана, парламентом,
правительством
и
Верховным
судом
Республики
Узбекистан в рамках системы разделения властей.
В рамках изучения современного состояния, автором
показано
становление
конституционного
контроля.
Учитывая специфику функционального предназначения,
полномочия
и
правовые
последствия,
вызываемые
вынесением итоговых решений, Конституционный Суд
занимает особое место не только в рамках судебной
системы, но и в целом механизма осуществления
государственной власти в нашей стране, которое позволяет
его рассматривать в качестве самостоятельного и
независимого органа государственной власти, стоящего с
точки зрения своего конституционно-правового статуса в
одном ряду с Президентом, парламентом Правительством.
Контроль осуществляемый Конституционным судом
нуждается в совершенствование его нормативно-правовых
основ и практики осуществления конституционного
контроля, а отсутствие четко определения правовых основ
взаимодействия Конституционного Суда с другими
государственными органами делает конституционный
контроль неэффективным.
Рассмотрены вопросы рассмотрение Конституционным
Судом пробелов в законодательстве, предоставления
гражданам право обращаться в Конституционный суд.
Автор утверждает, что при внедрении это практика
особенно актуально комплексное изучение и анализ опыта
ведущих зарубежных стран.
В заключение предлагаются меры по улучшению
взаимодействия
Конституционного
суда
с
государственными
органами
Узбекистана
с
учетом
особенностей его конституционно-правового статуса.
INTRODUCTION
In Uzbekistan the constitutional principle of separation of powers implies both the
unity of powers of the state and their functional separation. According to Article 11 of the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan the principle of separation of powers into the
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legislative, executive and judicial shall underlie the system of state authority of the
Republic of Uzbekistan. State bodies shall be independent within their powers: they shall
interact among themselves, check and balance one another. The implementation of this
principle in relation to the judiciary is ensured by certain constitutional and legal
guarantees. The Constitution establishes that the judicial power shall be independent; it
shall interact with the legislative and executive powers. First of all, definition of interaction
should be highlighted. The concept of interaction is a philosophical category reflecting the
processes of impact of different objects on each other, their mutual conditionality, change
of state, a transition, as well as causing one object to another. In another words interaction
is mutual or reciprocal action or influence.
Based on this definition, the Constitutional Court of Republic of Uzbekistan either
directly or indirectly interacts with state bodies. According to the Constitution of
Uzbekistan the judicial system in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consist of the
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the Higher Economic Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the supreme courts
of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on civil and criminal cases, the Economic Court of the
Republic of Karakalpakstan elected for the term of five years, regional and Tashkent city
courts on civil and criminal cases, interdistrict, district and city courts on civil and criminal
cases, martial and economic courts for the same term.
THE CONSTITUIONAL COURT IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE POWER
The Constitutional Court is a branch of the State judicial power which is
characterized by its specific regulation of formation and competence. The Constitutional
Court, in contrast to the other courts, is a permanent judicial authority to review cases on
the constitutionality of legislative and executive acts. As B.Mirbabayev rightly pointed out
that there is the following aspects of Constitutional Court as a state div.
Firstly, the powers of Constitutional Court are established by the Constitution, this
provides the significance of role of Constitutional court to safeguard the human rights and
freedoms. The powers of other bodies of judicial power is not enshrined in the
Constitution, but by the relevant laws reflecting their legal status. Secondly, The
Constitutional Court through constitutional control also implements the legislative
function of state at a certain stage. This is reflected to exercise the powers of defining the
compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, laws and resolutions of the
chambers of the Oliy Majlis, interpreting the norms of the Constitution and laws, giving an
opinion on the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Karakalpakstan with the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the laws of the Republic of Karakalpakstan –
the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Thirdly, The Constitutional Court not only considers
disputes of a particular legal nature, but also has an impact on the settlement of political
disputes.
Moreover, The Constitutional Court not only considers the compliance of
constitution but also the court has power interpretation the norms of constitution and
laws, considering the appeal of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, initiated
by the courts, about the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan with
regulatory acts to be applied in a particular case, impact on the settlement of political
disputes and other powers established by law.
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Constitutional Court also determines the compliance of the Constitution of the
Republic of Uzbekistan with the constitutional laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, laws of
the Republic of Uzbekistan on ratification of international treaties of the Republic of
Uzbekistan – prior to their signing by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The activity of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan is regulated by
a number of laws, including the laws “On Courts” and “On the Constitutional Court of the
Republic of Uzbekistan”. The Constitutional Court is a special requirement of the
democratic state, as a reliable guarantee of human rights and freedoms which guarantees
the supremacy of the Constitution, strengthening the legal environment in our country.
One of the important features of the Constitutional Court as a judicial div is that
the acts of the Constitutional Court are binding on all bodies of state authorities and
governance, as well as for enterprises, institutions, organizations and public associations,
officials and citizens. The main difference of the Court from other courts is that first of all,
the powers of the Constitutional Court are established by the Constitution, second of all,
the decision of the Constitutional Court is final and not subject to appeal, thirdly, the court
has right to carry out preliminary and subsequent control, fourthly, the Constitutional
court is a div officially interprets the norms Constitution and laws.
This court is important not only in the judicial system, but also in the system of state
governance. The Constitutional Court interacts with the President, the Parliament, the
Government and other authorities in the exercise of its powers. In relation with the
President first of all, it’s important the participation of the President in the election of
judges.
In this aspect before The Constitutional Court was elected on the proposal of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis, consisting of the
Chairman, Deputy Chairman and five members of the Constitutional Court, including a
judge from the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Now according to the new changes to the
legislation, The Constitutional Court is elected by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the
Republic of Uzbekistan on the proposal of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from
among the persons recommended by the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, including a representative from the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The President
as a head of the state has significant influence in the formation of the Court.
The one of the main directions of the interaction is the power of The Constitutional
Court annually submission to the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan
and the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan information on the state of constitutional
legality in the country based on the results of summarizing the practice of constitutional
legal proceedings. Providing this type of information to the head of state is important in
making relevant decisions, and this is where cooperation comes into play. This is
important in assessing the level of legality in the country. Besides according to the article
93 of The Constitution the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall guarantee
observance of rights and freedoms of citizens, the Constitution and laws of the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
Furthermore, Constitutional Court interrelates with the President during the
consideration of political disputes.
In accordance with Article 95 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Constitutional Court advises the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in deciding on the
dissolution of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
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Uzbekistan. Western scholars view the role and significance of the Constitutional Court as
a guarantee of political relations with the function of arbitration for the resolution of
political conflicts in the modern democratic world. The main reason is that in any
constitutional dispute, there is a political issue. This function of the Constitutional Court is
reflected in ensuring the constitutionality of laws and actions of state bodies and officials.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is also one of the subjects entitled to submit
the matter to the Constitutional Court and participate in its debates.
In the system of separation of powers it’s important further improvement of the
relation of the Constitutional Court between the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
which ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state bodies.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan among state authorities
enters into legal relations jointly with the Parliament – the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. One of the first relationships is that the Constitutional Court of the Republic of
Uzbekistan has the right to initiate legislation on matters within its competence in
accordance with Article 75 of the Regulations. Proposals for the adoption of a particular
law, as well as for the amendment or repeal of an existing law, are regularly submitted to
parliament by the competent authorities established by the Constitution. The constitutions
of the world differ in defining the range of subjects entitled to legislative initiative. The
Constitutional Court has so far adopted decisions on 32 legal issues. Almost 14 of these
decisions were adopted on the issues of legislative initiative of the Constitutional Court. If
we analyze the essence of decisions, Since 1998, the Constitutional Court has widely used
the right of legislative initiative. The last decision of the Constitutional Court was also
dedicated to on introducing changes and amendments to the Civil Procedure Code of
Republic of Uzbekistan, the Code of Economic procedure of Republic of Uzbekistan and
Administrative procedure code of Republic of Uzbekistan Legislative Chamber of the Oliy
Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2018.
In this regard, the Constitutional Court is also elected by the Senate on the proposal
of the President from among the persons recommended by the Supreme Council of Judges.
Therefore, the oath being determined by a judge of the Constitutional Court at a session of
the Senate where this judge is elected – indicates that it is expedient to carry out whatever
div is elected.
Not only the chambers of the Oliy Majlis have the right to submit their cases to the
Constitutional Court, but also the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis for Human Rights
(Ombudsman). The Constitutional Court, in turn, implements the principle of the
separation of powers and the resolution of political disputes on the principle of
interdependence. (The article 95 of the constitution).
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE
The gaps in law are an important object in the relations between the Parliament and
the Constitutional Court. We define this concept as “legal vacuum” “ambiguity of law”, “gap
in legislation”, “disproportionate implementation of constitutional values and principles in
legislative activity” gaps in legislation or legal practice arising from the interpretation of
the legal document. The gaps in law must be the subject of constitutional control. In the
laws of such countries as Russia, Belarus and Armenia, gaps in the law are determined as
the subject of the constitutional control. In particular, Article 158 of the Law of the
Republic of Belarus “On constitutional legal proceedings” Appeals to the Constitutional
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Court of the state bodies, other organizations, as well as individuals, including individual
entrepreneurs, who have information on the existence of gaps, collisions and legal
uncertainties in the normative legal acts and their collision and legal uncertainties shall be
basis for the proceeding. The Constitutional Court shall decide on the gaps in the
regulations and the need to eliminate collisions and legal ambiguities in them and send
them to the appropriate state div or official. It should be noted that the legislative div
fills in the gaps while the Constitutional Court considers the cases to eliminate gaps and
collisions by exercising constitutional oversight.
In accordance with Armenian law, gaps in legislation may be subject to
constitutional jurisdiction if legal uncertainty arising from the content of a legal conflict in
question results in the application or interpretation of a rule that violates or may violate a
particular constitutional right in law enforcement.
The introduction to the legislation the competence of Constitutional court on the
consideration of gaps in legislation will enhance the effectiveness and prestige of the legal
process and the rule of law.
In the course of its activity the Constitutional Court shall interact with the Cabinet
of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Under the 2017 amendment, the Cabinet of
Ministers also had the right to submit a case to the Constitutional Court. The Cabinet of
Ministers also participates in the process of reviewing the constitutionality of legislation
at meetings held by the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court, in turn, determines
the constitutionality of government decisions.
In some literatures determined five factors supporting independence of
constitutional courts. Five factors seem to be of particular importance: ethical standards
for and of constitutional judges, a constitutional culture of respect for co-justice, a well-
balanced role of the use of mass media, the protection of individual rights and international
co-operation between constitutional courts. We believe that independence of
constitutional court may also be assisted by bilateral co-operation between other courts
in the state.
In this aspect The Constitutional Court interacts with the Supreme Court of the
Republic of Uzbekistan. These relations are limited only the consideration the appeal of
the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, initiated by the courts, on the compliance
with the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan of regulatory legal acts to be applied in
a particular case and the right of the Supreme Court to submit questions to the
Constitutional Court and participation in the meetings of the Court.
Today, improvement of the interaction of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of
Uzbekistan with the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan is important. The
legislation should include that the Plenum of the Supreme Court, which is convened at least
every four months, must be present at the Chairman of Constitutional Court and his
deputies. In accordance with the article 15 of law on Courts the Prosecutor General of the
Republic of Uzbekistan takes part in the meetings of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of
the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article also determines that The Chairperson of the
Constitutional Court, the Chairperson of the Supreme Judicial Council, the Minister of
Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, judges, members of the Scientific Advisory Council at
the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan
can participate
in meetings of the Plenum
of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Furthermore, as stated in the first
paragraph of the second part of article 17 of the law Plenum of the Supreme Court of the
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Republic of Uzbekistan considers materials of generalization of judicial practice and gives
explanations on issues of application of the legislation. It is well known that the
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan also has the power to explain and
interpret the laws. Determination of the need for participation in the Plenum of the
Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the Chairman and Deputy Chairmen of the
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall ensure mutual cooperation
between the courts and assist in the implementation of the goals and objectives envisaged
in the Constitution.
As noted at the round table “Constitutional Court in the System of State authorities:
tasks and perspectives" organized by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan, the legislative and executive
bodies of the Constitutional Court, national cooperation with institutions and non-profit
organizations, including the promotion of human rights through the courts, to improve the
chambers of the Parliament of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the
Ombudsman and mutual cooperation on issues of critical importance.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we believe that the law should include a new chapter on the
relationship between the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other
state bodies. The Constitutional Court interacts with a number of state bodies, both as a
public div and as a branch of the judiciary. This chapter should cover the relationship of
the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan and local
authorities.
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