Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
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Particularities of movement skills manifestation by young
gymnasts at initial training stage
Djamshid UMAROV
1
Uzbek State University of Physical Education and Sport
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2021
Received in revised form
20 August 2021
Accepted 25 September 2021
Available online
25 October 2021
This article covers a comparative analysis of the indicators of
the development of speed-strength qualities in the
heterochronous way in the initial training of gymnasts aged
5-7 years. The results of the experiment gave us a possibility to
determine the level of physical fitness of 5-7-year-old children,
as well as confirmed that the physical qualities noted in them
were elucidated by gender differences.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
sensory period,
movement skills and
abilities,
muscle strength,
special exercises,
inertial movement.
Тайёргарликнинг
бошланғич
босқичида
ёш
гимнастикачиларнинг восита маҳоратининг намоён бўлиш
хусусиятлари
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
сенситив (сезгир) давр,
ҳаракат қобилиятлари ва
кўникмалари,
мушакларнинг кучи,
махсус машқлар,
инерцион ҳаракат
Мақолада 5-7 ёшли гимнастикачиларни бошланғич
тайёргарлик босқичида тезкорлик-куч сифатлари гетеро-
хрон йўналишда ривожланиш кўрсаткичлари қиёсий
таҳлил қилинган. Ўтказилган тажриба натижалари 5-7 ёш
болаларга хос жисмоний тайёргарлик даражасини аниқлаш
имконини берди ва уларда қайд этилган жисмоний сифат-
лар жинслараро фарқ билан ифодаланганлигини тасдиқлаб
берди.
1
PhD., Associate Professor, Uzbek State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chirchik, Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Issue – 2 № 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
163
Особенности проявления двигательных навыков молодыми
гимнастками на начальном этапе подготовки
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
сенситивный период,
двигательные умения и
навыки,
мышечная сила
специальные упражнения,
инерционное движение.
В статье проводится сравнительный анализ показателей
развития скоростно-силовых качеств в гетерохронном
направлении на начальном этапе подготовки гимнасток
5-7 лет. Результаты эксперимента позволили определить
уровень физической подготовленности детей в возрасте
5-7 лет и подтвердили, что отмеченные у них физические
качества выражались гендерными различиями.
Some authors noted that physical skills development of preschool and school
children, who involved in artistic gymnastics is accompanied by a number of particularities
connected with div growth and its development [1, 3, 5].
First of all, in this age, development of one physical skill make a positive effect on
the growth of other skills, which is necessary to an integrated approach for development
[1, 2, 4].
Secondly, there is necessary to take into account that in the process of various
functions div development, there are some sensitive periods when physical skills
intensively increase. Other specialists [1, 6, 7], think that pedagogical influences on
physical skills development of young gymnasts are the most complete manifestation of
those, whose growth is expressed in varying degrees of age development, who are engaged
and especially important for shaping of movement skills.
All these indicators of muscle strength development are natural substrate and the
main one for athlete's physical skills manifestation and realization.
Aim of the research. Experimentally substantiate the dynamics of speed-strength
skills development of preschool and school children.
Task of the research. The level determination of speed-strength skills of young
artistic gymnasts at the age of 5-7 years.
Research methodology. Questionnaires, pedagogical monitoring, special tests
according to the program for special physical training; electrical registration of jumping
exercises and its temporary parameters; pedagogical experiment; mathematical and
statistical analysis of data obtained.
Test subjects. In the given experiment 90 preschool and school children, young
artistic gymnasts are involved at the age of 5-7 years.
Research results. Polydynamometrical data allows to judge muscle strength
potential only, which makes it possible to evaluate more precisely in the CFG (complex of
force gradient) only in an act of action, or in extension.
In a practice, accompany by this, it is necessary to know how it is realized in practical
tests and special exercises, actions that are structurally similar to the main competitive
exercise.
A starting point of any development of sports results analysis should be the analysis
of changes in individual movement skills. In order to determine the level of children ‘s
physical skills, simple exercises were used, which do not require special skills and abilities,
along with a control test program for special physical training.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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Testing analysis of speed-strength component of special physical training indicates
about significant results improvement with taking account the age. There are two factors
which are on the base of results improvement - age factors and the efficiency of gymnastics.
For example, 7-year-old girls already jump for 30 cm further than 5-year-old girls.
At this age boys improved their results relatively smaller just for 18 cm.
However, boys at the age of 5 and 6-year-old have improved their results in shuttle
running and long jump from floor (Table 1, 2).
Table 1
Results of girls’ control tests (n=30)
Age
Tests
5 years old
6 years old
7 years old
Result
Score
Result
Score
Result
Score
Shuttle running 2х10m, (sec)
8,1
3,4
7,8
5,1
7,2
7,5
long jump from the spot, (сm)
104,2
0,5
114,8
1,3
133,4
4,7
Pull-ups till 90
0
arm extension
(times)
1,3
2,1
0,7
0,9
3,1
3,1
Push-ups on two parallel
benches, (times)
7,4
2,3
7,1
2,2
7,1
2,4
Legs-ups to 90
0
in the position
of hanging (times)
8,7
4,3
11,0
5,3
12,0
5,6
Press keeping in the hang
position, (sec.)
6,6
2,9
8,5
3,7
6,2
2,7
Flexibility assessment, (score)
6,9
6,9
7,7
Summary scores for special
physical training
22,9
25,3
33,7
Table 2
Results of boys’ control tests (n=30)
Age
Tests
5 years old
6 years old
7 years old
Result
Score
Result
Score
Result
Score
Shuttle running 2х10m, (sec)
7,7
1,5
7,4
3,0
7,3
4,2
long jump from the spot, (сm)
113
0,7
122,2
2,2
130,4
3,3
Pull-ups till 90
0
arm extension
(times)
2,5
2,0
2,1
1,8
2,9
2,2
Push-ups on two parallel
benches, (times)
8,2
3,2
7,7
3,0
12,5
5,2
Legs-ups to 90
0
in the position
of hanging (times)
9,0
5,3
11,8
6,2
11,4
6,3
Press keeping in the hang
position, (sec.)
5,2
2,5
5,8
2,6
3,1
1,5
Flexibility assessment, (score)
6,7
6,7
6,1
Summary scores for special
physical training
21,9
25,5
28,7
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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Evaluating the level of speed-strength performance of young gymnasts, it is
necessary to compare the results in long jump from the spot with the average result shown
by preschool and school children who do not do any sports.
Data in third Table show that children who do not do any sports are slightly concede
in this indicator to their peers who do gymnastics.
Table 3
Average indicators in long jump from the spot at 5-6 years old gymnasts and children who
do not do any sports (х̅ ± 𝜹)
Age
Girls
Boys
Gymnasts
Do not do any
sports
Gymnasts
Do not do any
sports
5 years old
104,2±11,4
95±10,9
112,9±10,9
111±11,3
6 years old
114,7±11,6
111±12,3
122,2±12,8
116±12,8
Data analyzing of strength exercises testing should be noted that many trainees first
encountered this kind of exercises (push-ups on parallel benches, press keeping in the
hanging, etc.) and, the first measurement results were extremely low.
However, even the first tests data indicate gender differences in young gymnasts.
In pull-ups and push-ups, 5-6 year old boys perform better than girls.
However, 7 year-old girls performed better in press keeping in hanging and push-
ups.
In several cases, although this is not statistically significant, 5 year-old gymnasts
indicated higher results than 6 year-olds in pull-ups, push-ups and press keeping (7 year-
olds). Abovementioned demonstrate that they could do more intensive development
dynamics.
The lack indicator of mobility in joints was recorded by the sum of mistakes
deductions in 3 exercises (so called “bridge”, forward bend from sit-ups and any legs-split).
Judging by assessments point scale, it can be noted that the indicators of flexibility,
both in girls and boys are at a low level. But there is a tendency towards the advantage of
the flexibility development and mobility in girls joints.
Muscle‘s ability with instantaneous stretch is significant tension and subsequent
rapid, powerful contraction underlies repulsion in all jumps.
The electrical registration of jumps temporal parameters makes it possible to assess
the level of speed-strength skills manifestation, in particular, jumping skills, by the taking-
off time from the support and flight time.
When the gymnast is repulsed from the contact, after the cushioning phase (when
the muscles work in a concede mode), follows the actual repulsion phase, then the muscles,
overcome the inertial movement of the div weight, begin to contract, communicating the
system of movement from the contact.
Data obtained indicate age-related fluctuations in jumping temporal parameters.
Both 5 year-old boys and girls have the same repulsion reaction from the contact. However,
girls demonstrate a faster repulsion time in comparison with boys at the age of 6-7 years
(Table 4)
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Issue – 2 № 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
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Table 4
Electrical registration of jumps temporal parameters of young gymnasts aged
5-7 years (х̅ ± 𝜹)
Age
Repulsion time
(ml/sec.)
Р
Flight time,
(ml/sec.)
Р
Girls
5 year
6 year
7 year
0,210±0,038
0,183±0,032
0,177±0,038
-
>0,05
<0,05
0,346±0,021
0,370±0,036
0,391±0,035
>0,05
<0,05
Boys
5 year
6 year
7 year
0,210±0,051
0,215±0,063
0,198±0,041
<0,05
<0,05
0,333±0,033
0,384±0,049
0,382±0,031
-
>0,05
<0,05
Results of boys’ repulsion from the contact year after year change little but have a
tendency to improve. The second parameter (flight time), results’ improvement is
observed according to the age. For girls during two years (from 5 to 7 years) the indicator
increases by 13.0%, for boys the greatest increase (15.3%) is noted from 5 to 6 years.
However, flight time of 7 years olds is similar to 6 years old.
Jumps temporal parameters analysis allows concluding that at this age in girls the
jumping ability development is the most successful. There are results increasing in all
indicators in the age aspect.
In order to determine the leg muscles explosive strength was taken jump up from
the spot according to the method of Abalakov (Table 5).
Table 5
Jump-up from the spot results at young gymnasts
Indicators
Age
Girls
Boys
(х̅ ± 𝜹)
t
(х̅ ± 𝜹)
t
Jump-up from the spot without
hands swing (cm)
5 years
6 years
7 years
28,3±4,2
33,1±3,8
35,0±5,1
-
7,0
1,9
27,6±3,7
31,1±3,7
35,9±5,1
-
4,5
4,6
Jump-up from the spot with
hands swing (cm)
5 years
6 years
7 years
30,7±4,3
35,5±4,4
38,6±5,1
-
6,5
3,1
30,1±4,2
34,6±3,9
37,4±6,5
-
5,2
2,2
There is a fact that in repulsion, 6 year-old boys (11.2%) and 7 year-old girls
(10.3%) realizing much better the exercises so called jump-up from the spot with hands
swing. At the same time, 7 year-old boys and 6 year-old girls use this potential by 4.2% and
7.3%.
Some features and relationships were established between the results of electrical
registration of jumps time parameters and jumps up from the spot due to correlation
analysis.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Issue – 2 № 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
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For example: has been found the relationship between the results of repulsion time
from a contact and jumping up from a spot without hands swing (r = 0.711), in 5year-old
boys, remains at the age of 7 (at 6 years r = 0.740, at 7 years r = 0.505)
A close relationship was also revealed between the flight time indicator and the
results of jumps-up from the spot: at the age of 5 with the result of a jump-up from the spot
with hands swing - r = 0.763, at 6 and 7 years old with the results of a jump-up from the
spot without hands swing (r = 0.542 and 0.666).
As a result, the data of the first control tests made it possible to determine the level
of physical performance of 5-7 years old children, to reveal the presence of gender
differences in physical skills manifestation.
Progressively improvement of the results in tests for special physical training was
found according to the age in the tests characterizing speed-strength performance only.
For example, in speed-strength skills development, there is a superiority of 5-6 year-
old boys over girls and vice versa in flexibility development.
In the research process, was found a decreasing of growth rate in special physical
training results at 6 and 7 year-old gymnasts compared to 5 year-old gymnasts,
particularly in strength exercises, which indicates for the scientific verification of the issue
of connection with the course of the first growth during this period and what should be
done to correct training methods and means of young gymnasts at initial training stage.
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