Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
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Means of expression of the components of diminutive words in
German and Uzbek languages according to national cultural
features
Shokhsanam TAJIBAYEVA
1
Academy of MIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2021
Received in revised form
20 August 2021
Accepted 15 September 2021
Available online
11 October 2021
Each language has its own elements. The suffixes (or words)
denoting mutual respect, love, and intimacy are the basis of this
very existence in language. In this article, the author comments
on the same words or suffixes in both Uzbek and German,
focusing on the extent to which they express nationality.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Uzbek,
German,
nationality,
diminutive,
linguistics,
language features.
Немис ва ўзбек тилларида кичрайтириш сўзларнинг
таркибий қисмларини миллий-маданий хусусиятларга мос
ҳолда ифодалаш воситалари.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
Ўзбек,
немис,
миллат,
кичрайтириш,
тилшунослик,
тил хусусиятлари.
Ҳар бир тилнинг ўзига хос элементлари мавжуд. Ўзаро
ҳурмат, муҳаббат ва яқинликни билдирувчи қўшимчалар
(ёки сўзлар) тилдаги ана шу мавжудликнинг асосидир.
Муаллиф ушбу мақолада ўзбек ва немис тилларида бир хил
сўз ёки қўшимчалар ҳақида фикр юритар экан, уларнинг
таржимада миллий тилнинг лингвистик хусусиятларини
қай даражада ифодалашига алоҳида эътибор беради.
1
lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Philology, Gulistan State University, Gulistan,
Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 9 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
395
Средства выражения компонентов уменьшительных слов в
немецком
и
узбекском
языках
в
соответствии
с национально-культурными особенностями.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Узбекский,
немецкий,
национальность,
уменьшительное,
лингвистика,
особенности языка.
Каждый язык имеет свои собственные элементы.
Суффиксы (или слова), обозначающие взаимное уважение,
любовь и близость, являются основой самого этого
существования в языке. В этой статье автор комментирует
одни и те же слова или суффиксы как в узбекском, так и в
немецком языках, уделяя особое внимание степени, в
которой они выражают лингвистические особенности
национального языка при переводе.
The diminutive form is associated with the form of the diminutive, that is, the word
or form of words that convey the subjective-evaluative meaning of small size, volume, and
so on. However, the diminutive has both a diminutive-affectionate form (cat, house, key),
and a diminutive-dismissive form, or a derogatory form (little people, kings, folk), but in
this article we will only disclose the diminutive form of words. The formation of
diminutive-affectionate forms with the help of suffixes serves for subjective assessment
and is characteristic of colloquial, expressively colored speech. A diminutive is a root word
that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, to convey the
smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment.
A diminutive form (abbreviated dim) is a word-formation device used to express such
meanings. In many languages, such forms can be translated as "little" and diminutives can
also be formed as multi-word constructions such as "Tiny Tim". Diminutives are often
employed as nicknames and pet names when speaking to small children and when
expressing extreme tenderness and intimacy to an adult. The opposite of the diminutive
form is the augmentative.
Uzbek national traditions are reviving their status These additional words are
especially important during the recovery period. This is due to the fact that in the families
of highly cultured Uzbek intellectuals, children have always been with high respect to
parents, relatives, and interlocutors in general appealing was a sign of self-respect.
Therefore, if a self-respecting person never senses the other person, he would not use the
words of appeal, the caress of famous horses, without the addition of respect. The richer
the speaker, the more spiritually and culturally rich he is his appeal to the little ones was
so sincere and tender. This is art occurs occasionally in our literature. Writer Pirimqul
Kadyrov's novel called “Yulduzli tunlar” (“Starry Nights”), he is Mirzo Bobur's worst enemy
interview with Khurramshah, the son of Shaibanikhan's sister scene, in Abdullah Qadiri's
novel named “O’ktan kunlar” (“The days gone by”), the son of Yusufbek Haji, scenes of
conversations with his wife, daughters-in-law, and servants are examples of this. Such a
sweet treat is a feature of every cultured Uzbek family. To do this, expand the scope of
application of miniature applications can be done through. Therefore, the study of the
word "horse" is national this aspect of parenting should be the focus of the teache. In our
language there are many such as -cha, -choq, -gina, -loq, -jon, -xon, -toy. There are
appendices that are generalized as subjective assessment forms. They are also called
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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diminutive suffixes. These suffixes are added to nouns and adjectives to denote something
or refers to the subjective attitude of the speaker (writer) to the concept, i.e. creates a
positive or negative stylistic dye in words. Such additional words in more conversational,
artistic, and journalistic styles and in scientific and formal methods they are very inactive
and rarely used. Students will be given a supplement to the topic from the words in the
table determine that they did not participate. It's about making students smaller.
Distinguish the suffix -gina with the suffix -gina received or vice versa.
Examples:
1. Yes, now, if we move to your grandmother's house, will we leave the house? Let's
go through it, boy! (Ha, endi, buvingnikiga ko‘chib ketadigan bo‘lsak, uyni tashlab
ketamizmi, orqalab opketamiz-da, o‘g‘iltoy! (Sh.Boshbekov))
2. A puppet with a spectacle around it on the porch, away from the worries of this
world, forever young our grandmother, our mother-in-law (although our grandmother is
the same though!) with their palms together, their fingers clenched, and the game is down.
(Gird-atrofini tomoshapechak qurshagan, qo‘g‘irchoqdek yasatig‘liq ayvonchasida bu
dunyoning g‘am-u g‘urbatlaridan yiroq, mangu navqiron opaxonimiz desakmikan,
onaxonimiz deakmikan (garchi buvimiz tengi bo‘lsa-da!) kaftlarini juftlashtirgancha,
barmoqlarini qisirlatib, muqom bilan o‘yin tushmoqda. (E.A’zam))
3. Our mother was an indescribable woman, so many people in vain did not come.
(Onaxonimiz ta’rifga sig‘maydigan ayol edilar, shuncha odam bekorga kelgani yo‘q!
(E.A’zam))
4. You have defeated everyone with such humility. It's a trick I don't know, know
(Sen shunaqa mo‘mintoyliging bilan hammani yengib kelgansan. Bu qiliq menga o‘tmaydi,
bilib qo‘y (T.Malik))
In addition to word formation affixes used to add meaning to the lexical meaning of
horses are called lexical formers. They consist of the following synthetic forms:
1.
Miniature forms. The affix -cha means to shrink when it is added to other nouns:
pond, bird, house, fish. When a person joins a horse, it means to caress, to respect or to
discriminate, to cut: A girl ran down the street. I thought you were a smart guy. Hold your
breath, boy! In some words, the affix -cha loses its meaning and is reduced. In this case, a
homonymous relationship is formed between the word-forming and diminutive affixes.
2.
Forms of pampering. The affixes -jan, -khan, -oy are added to well-known and
related horses to form positive forms of relationship, such as caress, love: ukajon, oyijon,
ko’zgujon, akaxon, Abrorjon, Hulkaroy, Halimaxon. These affixes are also found as part of
some personal names: Anaxon, Ogiloy, Mamajon. Also, in Persian suffixes such as
“oromijon, rohatijon”, the soul as an independent word is equivalent to such meanings as
"rest of the soul", "pleasure of the soul"; The -xon affix, on the other hand, is used in the
making of names of things or people such as “gazetxon, kitobxon”. The next affix is -gina.
Basically, a person joins a denominator to form a pampering: bola(m) – my baby, qizi(m)
– my girl, ruhi (m)- my soul. This affix forms a quality and a form in words like good, big,
fast, new. It is emphasized when the word is followed as a formative: child΄, good΄, little΄.
When left unmanaged, they can be left astray and lose the right path. For example: only a
child, only words.
It is well known that for German genders: “Der“, “die“, “das“ – English speakers
driven to madness with the German language’s random gender assignments can breathe
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easier. There’s a trick to effectively “neuter” every word – by making it cute! By adding
“chen” to the end of any word, it will automatically become the German Diminutive
(meaning, a tiny version of itself) – and always carry the article “das”. For example: DER
TISCH –> DAS TISCHCHEN. Even the German word for “girl” (“Mädchen”) is actually
neuter! But you need to remember three things:
-If the word has an “a”, “o” or “u” in it, this will turn into “ä”, “ö”, or “ü”, respectively.
For example DER HUND -> DAS HÜNDCHEN, DER MANN –> DAS MÄNNCHEN, DIE BOHNE
–> DAS BÖHNCHEN, etc.
– Even though Germans may applaud your grammatical accuracy, if you speak like
this too much they will question your sanity and wonder what kind of adorable miniature
wonderland you take this place for.
– An alternative word ending for nouns is “-lein” (as in the now-obsolete “Fräulein”),
which is not used as universally, but still renders the word neuter.
We use diducitives (diminutive forms of words) relatively often, especially among
people who talk to children. Knowing these forms will help you improve your speaking
skills and improve your listening comprehension. In German, we create diminutive forms
of words using two suffixes: -chen i -lein. These endings are primarily used to create
diminutive forms of the noun. We use the -lein suffix mainly when the noun ends in -g, -ch
or -ng, for example:
der Zwerg - das Zwerglein
gnome - gnome
der Zwerg - das Zwergline
das Buch - das Buchlein
book - little book
das Buch - das Buchlein
der Ring - das Ringlein
ring - ring
der Ring - das Ringline
We use the -chen suffix in other cases, for example:
das Haus - das Häuschen
house - house
das House - das Hoishen
die Lampe - das Lämpchen
lamp - light bulb
di Lampe - das Lemphen
During the formation of diminutive forms of nouns, there are certain rules when one
or several letters must be skipped. The creation of diminutive forms of nouns with - leins
ALWAYS requires an umlaut in the deformable noun (see examples above), but with the -
chen suffix this is no longer the rule, although one would assume that this is so, because a
large group of deformable nouns has an umlaut It often happens that nouns that end in -e
lose their ending in the mind-las form:
die Rose - das Röslein
rose - rose
di Rose - das Rösline
In nouns ending in –el, the ending disappears:
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der Vogel - das Vöglein
bird - bird
der Vogel - das Voeglein
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Rasulov R. Umumiy tilshunoslik. – T.: 2013.
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“O‘zbek tili va adabiyoti” magazine 2000-2014-years.
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Ғуломов Ё., Расулов И., Рустамов Ҳ., Мирзааҳмедов Б. Ўзбек тили ўқитиш
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“O`qitishning yangi pedagogik texnologiyalari” A.H. Nazirov. Tashkent-2008
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminutive
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