Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
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English for special purposes
Rimazhon SOTLIKOVA
1
National University of Uzbekistan
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received October 2021
Received in revised form
15 October 2021
Accepted 20 November 2021
Available online
15 December 2021
This article examines the role of the English language in the
world language space, its importance for global communication
in the era of globalization. The issues of the emergence and
development of the concept of “language for special purposes”
are described. Various approaches to its definition are analyzed,
the scope of the concept and its place in modern linguistics are
clarified.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss11/S-pp116-125
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
English for Special Purposes
(ESP),
professional competence,
learning objectives,
functions and roles of the
teacher,
motivation,
profession,
interest.
Maxsus maqsadlar uchun ingliz tili
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
maxsus maqsadlar uchun
ingliz tili (ESP),
kasbiy kompetensiya,
o‘quv maqsadlari,
o‘qituvchining funksiyalari
va rollari, motivatsiya,
kasb,
qiziqish.
Maqolada ingliz tilining jahon lingvistik makonidagi o‘rni,
globallashuv davrida jahon aloqalari uchun ahamiyati ko‘rib
chiqildi. “Maxsus maqsadlardagi til” tushunchasining paydo
bo‘lishi va rivojlanishi masalalari bayon qilinib, unga ta’rif
berishda turlicha yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan, tushunchaning
qamrovi va zamonaviy tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni ko‘rsatilgan.
1
Faculty of Foreign Philology, Department of Foreign Language and Literature, National University of Uzbekistan.
Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 11 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
371
Английский язык для специальных целей
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Aнглийский для
специальных целей (ESP),
профессиональная
компетенция,
цели обучения,
функции и роли учителя,
мотивация,
профессия,
интерес.
В данной статье, рассматривается роль английского
языка в мировом языковом пространстве, его значимость
для всемирного общения в эпоху глобализации. Описаны
вопросы возникновения и развития понятия «язык для
специальных целей». Анализируются различные подходы к
его определению, уточняется объем понятия и его место в
современной лингвистике.
In the 21st century, the processes of globalization and integration have affected all
spheres of human life and marked the beginning of a new era, when the need for
professionally oriented communication becomes dominant [1]. The modern, constantly
changing reality makes high demands on specialists who must not only have professional
skills and abilities, but also be highly qualified specialists in the field of language
communication. Language as the main means of communication serves as a kind of mirror
reflecting the changes taking place in society.
Currently, English is a mixed language, it is assigned the role of a world language [2],
therefore, English proficiency is the path to knowledge, education, technology and
scientific progress, business and international trade.
Since there are several fields of activity, education, science, etc., he came to
represent a type of language that could suit each area, so English for Professional Purposes
(ESP) appeared, which refers to the teaching or learning of a language for a specific field.
(for example, law, medicine or for business in general) [3].
The emergence of such a direction as ESP (English for specific purposes), i.e. English
for special purposes, shows that the need for teaching a specialized language is constantly
growing, as a result, new problems arise, actual goals and objectives are indicated, both for
students. and for teachers.
The term ESP appeared in the language no more than 60 years ago after World War
II, when fundamental changes took place in the global geopolitical situation. Language
learning approaches and learning objectives have been changed to match new trends in
economics, trade and politics.
Today, knowledge of a foreign language, and in particular English, is considered not
only the basis for better communication, but also an important source of technological
progress, since it allows you to quickly exchange information and explore common global
problems. The development of language skills is aimed at actively expanding students’
knowledge of the English language. In higher educational institutions, in the classroom,
language courses, texts are always used for specific professional areas (architecture,
business, civil engineering, electronics, ecology, management, etc.). Such texts of a
professional orientation, as a rule, should be focused on the communication needs of
students of a particular university. However, teaching English for professional purposes
involves much more than teaching English through specific materials and content.
Professional English teaching combines the development of linguistic skills and the
acquisition of specific information. It is believed that even homework should be related to
both the specialty and the skills mentioned.
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English for Specific Purposes includes:
–
English for Academic Purposes (EAP) – English for
academic purposes so that students can read texts, attend lectures, take exams, etc.
–
English for Professional Purposes (EPP) – English for
professional goals related to the specifics of the work of students. The composition
of the EPP includes English for Business (EFB) – Business English and many other varieties
of the English language. [5]
The main characteristics of the ESP are:
– a limited set of words and expressions, selected from the language as a whole,
since a limited set of words satisfies the requirement of representing fragments of a
specialized picture of the world;
– ESP uses vocabulary lexical units that are not found in other areas, but the set of
syntactic constructions is universal for a particular language in general;
– ESP is used for accurate, unambiguous transmission of information.
Thus, we can conclude that it belongs to a certain area of knowledge and its
characteristics are:
–
accuracy and unambiguity;
–
neutrality;
–
practical (applied) nature [6].
With regard to the syntactic characteristics of ESP, then for it
are characteristic:
–
rather long sentences with a large number of subordinate clauses with both a
compositional and a subordinate link, the use of introductory words and structures;
–
passive voice of verbs;
–
substantiation;
–
a large number of definitions (attributes) [6].
ESP is taught in many universities around the world. Many professional associations
of English teachers (TESOL, IATEFL) have ESP sections. Much attention is paid to the
design of ESP courses. ESP training has a lot in common with English as a Foreign or Second
Language and English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The booming business English can be
seen as part of the broader concept of English for Specific Purposes.
ESP differs from standard English teaching in that the instructor must not only be
proficient in Standard English, but also have technical experience. When international
doctors learn English, they need to learn the names of their instruments, the conventions
and techniques of their profession before they can perform the operation in an ethical
manner. ESP for Medicine courses will be relevant to any medical profession, just as
studying electrical engineering will be beneficial for a foreign engineer. Some ESP scholars
recommend a “two-level” ESP course: the first, covering all general knowledge in a specific
field of study, and then the second level, which will focus on the specificity of a person’s
specialization.
When learning English for special purposes, the results of trainees are most
dependent on their motivation to learn. Motivation is a complex process influenced by
various factors. The needs of the trainees are the most important. These needs are formed
and met in a specific social environment. When a student notices favorable external
conditions for satisfying a need, a motive appears, and he is ready to act to satisfy the need.
The main motivational mechanism is the formation of meaning, that is, understanding the
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causal relationship between the performance of certain actions and the satisfaction of
needs. Interesting is the orientation of the subject (learner) towards acquaintance with an
object (material or ideal) capable of satisfying his need. It is the teacher’s job to set learning
goals and create an environment for achieving them that will motivate students to learn.
In order to ensure the effective acquisition of certain language knowledge and skills,
it is necessary to encourage and enhance the student's interest. Students should be
encouraged to actively participate in the learning process and improve their language
skills. If they are highly motivated and strongly interested in actively participating in the
learning process, then mastery of any subject will be extremely successful. Learner interest
means commitment to the learning process. Lack of motivation leads to poor performance,
frustration, and boredom. Interest is a multifaceted concept and consists of three main
components: cognitive interest associated with the degree of student interest and
investment in learning; behavioral interest associated with student behavior in social,
academic and educational contexts, aimed at mastering the educational program;
emotional interest related to reactions to the learning environment, including teachers,
other learners, institutional climate, etc. There has been a lot of discussion in the scientific
community lately that ESP courses should be taught by subject specialists, it is believed
that they are more competent in certain areas, as opposed to general English teachers who
have only linguistic competence. The latter are often unable to explain and actualize at the
proper level the phenomena and processes inherent in the English language for special
purposes.
What is the main task of that area of theory and practice, which can be attributed to
language for special purposes?
Apparently, this is the identification of the general and specific in mastering a
foreign language for different purposes. Everyone knows that linguistics deals with
language, and the special goals of its study are already questions of lingual didactics and
methodology, let’s not forget about the theory of professional communication. After all, not
only the language itself, but also the nature of communication is specific to a particular
profession.
The problem of language for special purposes has no boundaries. It is
interdisciplinary and affects functional stylistics, the theory of intercultural
communication, features of various professional sublanguages, the ratio of general and
specific in them, linguo didactic and methodological aspects of teaching languages to
different categories of students, and much more.
General English teachers often have a very vague understanding of the material
discussed or presented and, as a result, are unable to provide students with a quality
educational product. Most ESP courses are based on authentic texts, real situations,
experiences and experiments, where a large number of specialized terminology is used, a
comparative analysis of various processes is carried out, complex technical, economic,
legal aspects and theories are considered. A subject teacher is easily able to explain to
students all the issues and phenomena that cause difficulties, besides, he has real
professional experience in these areas.
However, along with these positive characteristics, the subject teacher usually does
not know enough, and sometimes does not know the methodology of teaching a language,
the principles of the language system, the peculiarities of grammatical and lexical
structures. As a result, despite a high level of language proficiency and in-depth knowledge
of the subject area, these teachers are also insufficiently prepared to deliver ESP courses.
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ESP students usually have a good idea of where they will be using English. Having
decided for themselves what science to do, they see learning English as an addition to this.
The teacher’s ability to communicate and be a mediator creates the necessary atmosphere
in the classroom. Students learn a language when they can use the language in interaction
with other participants. This is why the teacher must create an atmosphere in the language
lesson that would support the students. Students must be confident in themselves in order
to communicate, and everything depends on the teacher’s skill, on the degree of his
responsibility for the formation of students’ confidence.
The rapid development of modern society, scientific and technological progress and
the growing needs of intercultural communication, including in special areas, clearly
require further research in the field of ESP. One of the priority areas at present is the
development of computational linguistics, within which there are ample opportunities for
scientific research, including the corpus method.
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3.
International Teacher Training Organization. EFL Teaching terminology and
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terminology. html.
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Akhmanova O.S. Optimization of natural communication systems [Text] /
О.S. Akhmanov. – M., 1973.
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Scrivener J. Learning Teaching [Text] / J. Scrivener // Macmillan Books for
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