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инновациялар
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Общество
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Society and innovations
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The impact of migration and repatriation on ethno-cultural
processes
Muhayyo MATNAZAROVA
1
National University of Uzbekistan
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received October 2021
Received in revised form
15 November 2021
Accepted 20 December 2021
Available online
15 January 2022
In this article, the necessity and directions of regulation of
migration repatriation processes in the process of globalization
institutions around the world are analyzed.
2181-
1415/© 202
1 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss11/S-pp
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
migration,
repatriation,
globalization,
international migration,
mentality.
Migratsiya va repatriatsiyaning etnomadaniy jarayonlarga ta’siri
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
migratsiya,
repatriatsiya,
globallashuv,
xalqaro migratsiya,
mentalitet.
Maqolada dunyo miqyosida globallashuv jarayonida migrat-
siya va repatriatsiya jarayonlarini tartibga solish zarurati va
yo‘nalishlari yoritib berildi.
Влияние миграции и репатриации на этнокультурные
процессы
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
миграция,
репатриация,
глобализация,
международная миграция,
менталитет.
В данной статье, проанализирована необходимость,
направления регулирования миграционных репатриационных
процессов. Применительно, к процессу институционального
развития глобализации во всем мире.
1
Basic doctoral student (PhD), National University of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: matnazarova2020@mail.ru.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
01 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415
278
THE FIRST PART
During these days our country has become an active participant in international
migration processes, a participant in international relations, as well as in its activities in
various areas in the international arena. At present, as a result of the processes of
globalization and integration, it is expected that the migration flow will provide security
and stability, as well as provide effective guarantees of the individual's rights to free
movement and choice of housing for residence.
Uzbekistan is located in the ranks of migrant suppliers (donors), in the following
years it has embarked on the implementation of organizational, legal and diplomatic
political actions in the field of international migration. In addition, today representatives
of different strata of the population of Uzbekistan live in different parts of the world as
emigrants. From this point of view, it is important to analyze our country as an active
participant in international migration processes.
METHODS
The article uses comparative review, analysis and synthesis from general scientific
methods as the basic methodology of scientific research.
Results and Literature
Migration and repatriation are the processes that are most characteristic for
modern socio-cultural realities, which are constantly changing in motion, changing and
configuration forms. Ontologically, when interpreted, modernity and culture are the
means of communication.
There are basically two theoretical approaches to determining the causes of
international migration: economic and social. Within the framework of an economic
approach based on neoclassical economic theory, the causes of population migration at the
macro and micro levels are analyzed.
The macro-approach to migration studies focuses on the structural determinants of
population migration. The main reasons for population migration are as follows.
• economically developed between regions (countries) *geographic differences
• high level of demand and supply to the workforce in developed countries
• Wages and well
-organized workplaces in developed countries
The specificity of the macroeconomic approach is that the emphasis is on the
dependence of the level of economic development of individual countries and regions of
the world that cause constant migration flows. Economist J. According to Hicks, the
difference in employment is the main reason for migration. This point of view covers all
areas of migration research. Economic theories generally do not take into account
anthropological and cultural factors. because migration is studied and studied only against
the background of globalization, without taking into account the mentality and local
conditions. The concepts underlying economic analysis include types of balance,
theoretical knowledge related to other directions. S. Staufer
’
s theory of variable
possibilities states that the number of people moving in a certain direction is directly
proportional to the number of opportunities available there and inversely proportional to
the number of obstacles. Saunders ' theory of social equilibrium also emphasizes the need
for the introduction of psychological, cultural-historical and anthropological elements in
the study of migration factors. This point of view is also seen as one of the opportunities
for migration to overcome the demographic tension that arises from the imbalance
between socio-economic realities in a given region and the population of that region. After
Жамият
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Общество
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279
all, the theory of Saunders serves as a guide in the absence of conflicts between the titular
population and migrants and in maintaining the social balance between them. There are
various points of view on the impact of migration processes on ethnographic processes, it
is unlikely that migration processes will accelerate the ethnic integration of nations and
peoples. At the same time, several countries of the world have developed several programs
for repatriation, despite the global migration processes taking place in the regions.
The repatriation process, unlike other migratory movements, unites in itself both
globality and locality. Repatriant, unlike ordinary migrant, he embodies the ethnic cultural
peculiarity of the returning historical homeland. Based on this, it seems necessary to first
determine the relationship between these two component
–
repatriation and ethnomadian
specificity, which can be manifested in determining the motives and causes of repatriation.
At the macrosocial level, repatriation flows do not exist in their own way: they reflect
previously established relations between countries tiradi, regulate repatriation
agreements between the receiving and sending countries.
Discuss and Conclusion
Capital transfers play an important role in analyzing the trajectory of the migration
process and the motives of migration. The success of migrants' integration with the host
society will also depend on the level of capital ownership. This theory reflects the
movement of capital between migrant and recipient countries, while at the micro level
individual capital is characterized as a potential factor of social change.
Social capital is
“
a set of real and potential resources associated with the
development of a more or less permanent network of institutional ties based on mutual
acquaintances, since this network provides each of its members with collectively acquired
capital
”
, since it consists of obligations based on friendships, personal ties, family or
industrial relations. Social capital defines the traits inherent in homo sociologicus. Social
capital plays a particularly important role in the implementation of the migration project:
people who enter into social contacts with other migrants have access to social capital,
which significantly increases the likelihood that they themselves will become migrants. As
for the repatriates, the most relevant for the first two generations are the formation and
development of social capital: efforts to create networks of connections that go beyond the
migration network and cover autochthonous groups, contributing to the processes of
integration and acculturation, which, in turn, creates a guarantee of permanent
reproduction of economic capital. Economic and social capital contributes to the
emergence and growth of cultural capital. Cultural capital is a set of individual
characteristics, abilities, acquired skills formed in the system of values and culture of the
Society of origin. Cultural capital plays an important role in the implementation of the
migration project, especially if the emigrant is the first migrant and can not rely on
migration networks. Cultural development, knowledge of the language of the receiving
country, the formation of skills, openness to new information, tolerance, ease of
adaptation, can affect the growth of the economic and social capital of the migrant and,
therefore, predict the success of migration. Thus, the availability of cultural capital in
migrants is of great importance for integration into a new society and adaptation to the
new conditions of ethno-cultural life. At the same time, migration and reporting processes
are inextricably linked, and in the process of globalization, the study of regional features
of migration processes in Uzbekistan, the dynamics of its transformation and integration,
socio-demographic and ethnic composition closely related to the ongoing reforms.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
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Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
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01 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415
280
“
The Republic of Uzbekistan, regardless of whether it is located inside or outside the
country, will continue to guarantee legal protection, sponsorship of its citizens and take all
necessary measures
”
. This makes it necessary to develop a conceptual framework for
regulating horizontal and vertical social mobility of citizens, as well as their activity in
migration processes.
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