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Aesthetic education in pedagogical activity
Lola ROZIKOVA
1
Samarkand State Medical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received February 2021
Received in revised form
28 February 2022
Accepted 20 March 2022
Available online
15 April 2022
The future of the article is covered by issues of formation of
aesthetic education in pedagogical teachers and their
introduction to the beauty of the inner world. The article
effectively used the scientific works of foreign and local
scientists in order to highlight the relevance of the topic.
2181-
1415/©
2022 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss3/S-pp
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
aesthetic education,
elegance,
understanding,
knowledge,
beauty,
pedagogy,
education,
education.
Pedagogik faoliyatda estetik tarbiya
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
estetik tarbiya,
nafosat,
anglash,
bilish,
go‘zallik,
pedagog,
tarbiya,
ta’lim.
Maqolada bo‘lg‘usi pedagog o‘qituvchilarda estetik tarbiyani
shakllantirish va bu orqali ularni nafosat va ichki dunyo
go‘zalligi bilan tanishtirish masalalari yoritilgan. Maqolada mav
-
zuning dolzarbligini yoritib berish maqsadida xorijiy va mahal-
liy olimlarning ilmiy ishlanmalaridan samarali foydalanildi.
1
Associate professor of the Department “Pedagogy and psychology” of Samarkand State Medical Institute,
candidate
of philological Sciences.
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Эстетическое воспитание в педагогической деятельности
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
эстетическое воспитание,
элегантность,
понимание,
познание,
красота,
воспитатель,
воспитание,
образование.
В статье будущий педагог освещает вопросы
формирования эстетического воспитания у педагогов и
через это приобщение их к элегантности и красоте
внутреннего мира. В статье эффективно использованы
научные разработки зарубежных и отечественных ученых
для освещения актуальности темы.
A healthy personality is able to distinguish between true beauty and ugliness; a
harmoniously developed person does not remain indifferent, noticing the beauty in the
world around him. It is these abilities that are important to cultivate in children.
Aesthetic perception creates certain emotions, and therefore it is necessary to create
comfortable and favorable conditions for students to live these emotions. It is necessary
to develop in children the ability to fully perceive works of art, which also involves
theoretical training, for example, in the study of sculpture, music, and fine arts. Having
learned the perception of beauty, the student should also be able to analyze it, give a
comparative assessment with what he saw earlier. Actually, all of the above is aesthetic
thinking, the level of which is associated with mental education in general, the ability to
think. We also note such an important point: simultaneously with the development of the
skill of aesthetic perception, it is important to instill the ability to aesthetically relate to
the world around. People should not only be able to enjoy the beauty of nature, works of
art, but also take care of them. Aesthetic education also involves teaching the aesthetics
of behavior, respectful attitude towards oneself, one
’
s appearance, manners of behavior,
culture of speech and expression of emotions. Ways of aesthetic education Aesthetics at
school uses a variety of tools as sources for obtaining the necessary skills: fine art is
designed to develop a child's imagination and perception; elements of music, such as
melody, timbre, affect the emotional and sensory sphere of children; fiction provides an
example of mastering the word as a way to express thoughts and feelings; theater, ballet,
opera demonstrate a variety of ways of living and expressing feelings, evoke a vivid
emotional response; cinema, circus are a combination of many art forms; collective
discussion of issues from aesthetic positions; nature as a source of inspiration and
awareness of the diversity of the world; discussion of the facts and events of public life;
active involvement of children in practical activities to create an aesthetic environment in
the classroom, school and other places where they are located. The effectiveness of
aesthetic education is significantly influenced by extracurricular activities. These can be
ethnographic groups, ensembles, theater circles or circles of other types of creativity,
lessons in nature, etc. In relation to aesthetic education, such subjects of the aesthetic
cycle as drawing, singing, music are important. Classes in these disciplines include the
study of art theory and the development of creative abilities through practical
application. And in order to expand and deepen aesthetic knowledge, students should
additionally study in extracurricular educational institutions, such as art or music
schools, studios of various kinds. Speaking about the aesthetic education of a child, one
cannot fail to emphasize the role of the family in this process. Aesthetics in everyday life,
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the presence of a home library, the existing tradition of visiting the theater together,
exhibitions, discussing books read, etc.
–
all this contributes to the instillation of aesthetic
taste in children.
Speaking about the process of aesthetic education, we can conditionally divide it
into two components: school education in the classroom and in extracurricular activities.
Aesthetic Education in Lesson Activities The aesthetic education that children receive at
school, in the final analysis, has a close connection with the worldview of the future
society. The presence of unformed aesthetic views indicates the incompleteness of the
formation of the worldview as a whole. In modern society, research in the field of culture
is of great interest. Public consciousness is undergoing significant changes: the
aggravation of social and national contradictions creates a need to focus on the formation
of spiritual culture, the education of young people and the formation of their moral and
aesthetic values, the study of history. Definition 1 Aesthetic education is a purposeful,
conscious and systematic process of influencing a person to develop her ability to
perceive the beauty of the surrounding world, art and the ability to create it.
By introducing the student to the heritage and experience of mankind, expressed
in art, we have the opportunity to nurture a mature conscious member of society with
high moral principles, quality education and versatile manifestations. Aesthetic education
also has a social connotation: it is through art that the transfer of spiritual experience, the
experience of emotional and value relations to people and life is carried out; bonds
between generations are strengthened. Aesthetic education is a factor in the
development of the individual and the development of all other elements of the
educational process. Aesthetic education at school begins from the first grades in the
process of studying native speech, literary works, age-appropriate, and such subjects as
music, drawing, natural history. The curriculum involves familiarity with various types of
art, the acquisition of the skill of aesthetic perception and aesthetic judgment. Of course,
the artistic training of the teacher is extremely important here: his beautiful neat
handwriting, the ability to expressively read literary works, competently express
thoughts and feelings, mastery of the skills of fine and musical art. Such a daily example
creates in students a natural constructive contradiction between their level of aesthetic
development and the necessary one, which creates a need to join the beautiful. It must be
taken into account that there are age differences. To develop the skill of artistic
perception, the method of comparison is effective in the study of literary or musical
works, works of fine art. It is necessary to "push" students to evaluate what they saw or
heard, to express their own opinion. At the very beginning, leading questions from the
category help to cope: what exactly did you like, which work seemed more interesting,
etc. This method encourages reflection, sharpening of perception. Elements of aesthetic
education are also memorizing songs and poems by heart, their declaration, collective
discussion of reproductions. We must not forget about such a means of aesthetic
education as nature. Various tools and techniques help students learn to perceive natural
richness and diversity, to live the emotions that arise from this. These can be excursions,
observation of natural phenomena, the formation of a herbarium, exhibitions of
paintings. And it is equally important to simultaneously develop the need and ability to
take care of the gifts of nature, conducting training in the basics of ecology. Educational
work on the development of aesthetic possibilities continues throughout the entire
period of schooling. In high school, this happens at a higher level. The elementary school
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forms elementary ideas and judgments, and in the senior classes, students are introduced
to a deep understanding of art. Here we can already talk about empathy with creativity,
the ability to talk about the feelings that arise, to consciously live them. Enrichment of
older students occurs through discussion of the relationship between the mood of the
artist and his works, attempts to understand their essence and the thought embedded in
them. For these purposes, writing essays, reviews.
Aesthetic thinking is also important for such seemingly strict disciplines as
mathematics, physics, chemistry and others. Aristotle said this: "Mathematics reveals
order, symmetry, certainty, and these are the most important types of beauty." Aesthetic
education in the study of natural disciplines is based on the recognition of objective
beauty in nature: awareness of integrity, unity in diversity, optimality, proportion,
constructiveness. Mathematics carries beauty in itself, which consists in the clarity and
logic of thought, accuracy and deep detailed reasoning. It’s great when the teacher
himself realizes the beauty of the subject and knows how to convey it to students. History
–
an inexhaustible source of beauty
–
also serves as an important element of aesthetic
education. Aesthetics in history is expressed by the laws of the development of society,
the complexity,
“
liveness
”
, inconsistency of this process. Also, an integral part of aesthetic
education is the inculcation of the aesthetics of behavior, expressed in observing the
culture of expressing emotions, discipline, and accuracy. This should be emphasized by
students both in and out of the classroom. Students should be given a benevolent attitude
towards other members of the team, respect for other points of view, respect for books,
students, and school property. The methods of the aesthetics of behavior are
conversations about etiquette, the culture of the word, appearance, and norms of
behavior. Meetings with representatives of culture can be effective here. Aesthetic
education in extracurricular activities When we talk about lessons, we mean more the
study of sciences, therefore it is so important to devote more time to purely aesthetic
content in extracurricular activities. The most effective and accessible tool for this are
circles of various kinds, which provide the development of both artistic perception and
labor skills. Practical activity creates an opportunity for children to look at the diversity
of the world from different angles, awakens in them the pleasure of work and the desire
for creativity. In addition, circles according to the interests of the child help organize his
free time.
A significant role in the education of aesthetic thinking is played by amateur art,
which is an active way to know and reflect the environment. In this type of activity,
children have the opportunity to realize the need for self-expression and self-affirmation.
Amateur activities enrich the experience of relationships, personal experiences, which
affects the depth of perception of art, awareness of the seriousness of its meaning. The
emotional sphere of the child, his imagination significantly develop in the process of
musical, visual, literary or theatrical creativity. The range of feelings and the ability to live
them are at a high level in children who have full-time employment outside of school
hours. Excursions are also common. This is the knowledge of the new, and the
opportunity to observe phenomena and objects in natural or man-made conditions:
exhibitions, museums. If we are talking about excursions in the fine arts, then here we
can talk about getting to know the work of recognized masters, developing the skill of
contemplation, searching for an emotional response in oneself. Such events provide a
minimum number of ideas about a particular art form, while there should be a desire to
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learn more, understand more deeply and get more and more new experience. Extra-
curricular and out-of-school work on aesthetic education should harmoniously fit into
the overall educational process in order to be effective.
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