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Synergetic approach in organizing a new generation
textbook in English
Nigina ASHUROVA
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received November 2023
Received in revised form
15 December 2023
Accepted 25 December 2023
Available online
15 February 2024
The article presents points of view on synergetics in the
modern scientific world and discusses its interdisciplinary
nature. Particular attention is paid to a synergistic approach to
teaching foreign languages, as well as its application in the
development of textbooks. The article examines key concepts
such as self-education and self-government and also highlights
the importance of teaching students to search for the necessary
information independently. After analyzing several textbooks
and materials containing some components that are important
in organizing the learning process, the properties, and structure
of the new model of the textbook were proposed.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss11/S-pp172-176
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
textbook,
foreign language textbook,
methodological basis,
synergetic approach.
Xalqaro ekologiya huquqidagi innovatsiyalar: global
ekologik muammolarga moslashish
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so
‘
zlar:
darslik,
chet tili darsligi,
uslubiy asos,
sinergetik yondashuv,
xalqaro huquqdagi
innovatsion yondashuvlar.
Maqolada zamonaviy ilmiy dunyoda sinergetika bo'yicha
nuqtai nazarlar keltirilgan, uning fanlararo tabiati muhokama
qilinadi. Chet tillarni o‘qitishda sinergik yondashuv, uni
darsliklar yaratishda qo‘llashga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda.
Maqolada o'z-o'zini tarbiyalash va o'zini o'zi boshqarish kabi
asosiy tushunchalar ko'rib chiqiladi, shuningdek, talabalarni
mustaqil ravishda kerakli ma'lumotlarni izlashga o'rgatish
muhimligi ta'kidlanadi. O‘quv jarayonini tashkil etishda muhim
ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan ayrim tarkibiy qismlarni o‘z ichiga olgan
bir qator darslik va materiallar tahlil qilinib, darslikning yangi
modelining xususiyatlari va tuzilishi taklif etildi.
1
Researcher, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
11 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
173
Синергетический подход в организации учебника
нового поколения на английском языке
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
учебник,
учебник иностранного
языка,
методологическая основа,
синергетический подход
.
В статье представлены точки зрения на синергетику в
современном
научном
мире,
обсуждается
ее
междисциплинарный характер. Особое внимание уделено
синергетическому подходу в обучении иностранным
языкам, а также его применению при разработке
учебников. В статье рассматриваются такие ключевые
понятия, как самообразование и самоуправление, а также
подчеркивается
важность
обучения
студентов
самостоятельному поиску необходимой информации.
После анализа ряда учебников и материалов, содержащих
некоторые важные для организации процесса обучения
компоненты, были предложены свойства и структура
новой модели учебника.
Introduction
Several reforms are being carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan to develop
textbooks and manuals for a new generation and introduce information and
communication technologies into the educational process, as well as the development of
e-learning in general. "In our country, there is a need to create a legal framework for
improving the educational literature of a new generation." The insufficient level of
equipment of higher educational institutions with modern educational and scientific aids
prompted to reconsider this problem based on the study of foreign experience and the
introduction of an innovative approach because the textbook is a necessary tool, without
which it is impossible to obtain deep versatile knowledge.
This article discusses the properties and structure of a new generation of
textbooks for professionally oriented foreign language teaching to students of humanities
universities. After analyzing several textbooks and materials containing some
components that are important in organizing the learning process, the properties and
structure of the new model of the textbook were proposed, the methodology of which is
compared to learning literature.
Methods of teaching a foreign language in recent years have put forward several
fruitful ideas for the development of textbooks and manuals for a new generation. This
includes the concepts of the development of individuality in the dialogue of culture by E.
I. Passov [6], the sociocultural approach of V. V. Safonova [7], and the textual (discursive)
approach of L. K. Mazunova [5]. In our article, we want to propose a synergistic approach
to teaching and developing textbooks for students in language departments.
Synergetics is an interdisciplinary area of research, which sets as its main task the
knowledge of general patterns and principles underlying the basis of self-organization
processes in systems of very different natures [4]. The pedagogical process is a specially
organized interaction between the teacher and the student. Synergetics studies open
systems that exchange energy and information, therefore the ideas of synergetics are
used in education from a general theoretical position. Self-organization and management
are key concepts of synergetics, which in terms of education means self-education and
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
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Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
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11 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
174
self-government. Thus, the main thing in the educational process is not the transfer of
knowledge, but mastery of ways to replenish it and quickly navigate in a branched
system of knowledge, methods of self-education. The emphasis is shifted to learning how
to independently search for the necessary information, interpreting this information in
one’s
context, and developing the ability to quickly navigate the growing flow of
knowledge. The self-organization paradigm, or synergetic paradigm, entails a new
dialogue between man and nature, a non-linear dialogue. It also leads to a new dialogue
between a person and himself and with other people. A nonlinear situation involves
uncertainty and possibly choice. When choosing a further path, the subject is guided by
one of his paths of development of the system with which he is dealing, as well as by his
value preferences. He chooses the most profitable path for himself, which is one of the
paths that determine the general structure of this chain system, i.e. one of the methods it
implements.
Materials and methods
Several methods of investigation were chosen in this article. When analyzing the
material, descriptive and transformational methods were used. The relevance of creating
new educational products is caused by the problems of changing the education system,
the solutions of which largely determine the topic; modern new methods are being
introduced into the structure and content of training and textbooks, since the educational
book, in turn, determines the quality of the educational process.
Results and discussions
The main task of modern pedagogy is to create conditions for self-realization and
self-
development of the individual. Therefore, the basis of the teacher’s pedagogical
activity becomes the use of pedagogical technologies that promote creative learning and
education of the individual, who will build his life through self-realization and self-
development, that is, according to the laws of synergetics. Such training is especially
relevant in the era of scientific and technological progress, since it is very important to
teach the student to find and use the necessary information. If he does not take
responsibility for self-education, for replenishing and updating his knowledge, then in a
few years his educational document will depreciate. The most important ability that a
student must acquire at a university is the ability to learn. Learning to independently
obtain knowledge is more important than mastering a specific set of information, which
in our time quickly becomes outdated.
The main thing in an educational book is not its content, not the text itself, but the
work that can be done with this material. Therefore, when developing a new generation
textbook, the task was set and solved to ensure its maximum manufacturability, as well
as the integration of educational information. Flexibility, non-linearity, mobility, multi-
level training, taking into account individual characteristics and the level of development
of communicative competence make it possible to optimize the process of learning a
foreign language and create conditions for the realization of students’ professional goals.
The skills of organizing and managing one’s own activities acquired in foreign language
classes will be in demand in future professional activities. Having learned to determine
personal goals in educational and educational-professional situations and ways to
achieve them, in the future the student will be ready to make a similar choice in
professional activities, developing a plan for professional growth.
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The structure of the new textbook model
The structure of the textbook model is presented in two parts - theoretical and
didactic. The first one gives a summary of the educational material - paragraphs of the
textbook, and the second - didactic blocks, with the help of which students study the
theory, complete tasks, repeat the material they have passed, pass tests, etc. The textbook
develops its system of training blocks for each paragraph. Here is an incomplete list of
some blocks of the textbook.
Self-training and self-examination. With the help of this block, the independent
work of students on educational texts is organized. Mastering the educational text is the
foundation on which all further educational activities can be built. Traditionally, work on
educational texts comes down to reading, memorizing, retelling, and answering
questions. The new textbook offers a set of techniques for the analytical development of
texts: highlight the main thing, formulate a thesis, prepare an annotation, identify cause-
and-effect relationships, arrange text fragments in order, build a logical diagram, insert
words, write down key words, identify a problem, fast reading, correlate text and
drawing, etc.
Additional. They contain material that is presented reproductively and contains
information from additional sources that go beyond the scope of the program. This block
can be studied, at the request of students, in an introductory plan.
Dictionary. Definitions of new terms, words and phrases are demonstrated. The
use of this block contributes not only to the expansion of vocabulary and the
consolidation of knowledge, but also to the personal growth of students through the
development of skills.
Repetition. They include information from the studied topics and sections of the
course, necessary for mastering the content of the paragraph. These blocks can be
studied by students on their own.
Test.
Integrates most of the questions on a specific topic (practically “overlaps” the
entire topic with tasks). All questions are divided into four difficulty groups. It is also a
form of “soft” knowledge control that reduces the level of situational anxiety.
Conclusion
Thus, the main thing in an educational book is not their content, not the text itself,
but the work that can be done with this text. The specificity of educational activity lies in
its complexity, the remoteness of the final goal, the need for regular classes, and the
special importance of independent work. Consequently, the process of learning a foreign
language with the help of a new generation of books, built on the principle of synergetics,
contributes to the development of important character traits: determination, patience,
perseverance, accuracy, and independence.
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