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Green wealth of Uzbekistan and its useful medical
properties
Dildar IBRAGIMOVA
Samarkand State Medical University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received February 2024
Received in revised form
28 February 2024
Accepted 20 March 2024
Available online
15 April 2024
The use of natural resources in the territory of Uzbekistan
creates several conveniences. First of all, thanks to the good
climate of our region, our nature, especially flora, they are
different and extensive. Medicinal plants are of particular
importance in the flora. Before collecting plants there is a
simple rule to follow. For example, it is impossible to collect
medicinal plants from roadsides near cities and factories. We
need to know when to harvest the plant and which part has
unique properties. It is necessary to collect plants very
carefully. We must not forget that some of them are dangerous
and poisonous.
2181-
1415/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss3/S-pp121-124
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
nature,
flora,
medicinal plants,
medicinal properties,
traditional medicine,
classification,
benefits of medicinal plants,
plant roots,
effects,
natural resources.
O‘zbekistonning yashil boyliklari va ularning foydali
shifobaxsh xususiyatlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
tabiat,
o‘simlik dunyosi,
dorivor o‘simliklar,
dorivor xususiyatlar,
xalq tabobati,
tasnifi,
dorivor o‘simlik foydasi,
o‘simliklar ildizi,
ta’siri,
tabiat ne’matlari,
tabiiy boyliklar.
Mazkur maqolada
o‘simlik dunyosida alohida ahamiyatga
ega
bo‘lgan dorivor o‘simliklar haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.
Shuningdek, o‘simlikni yig‘ish vaqti va qaysi qismi noyob
xususiyatlarga ega ekanligi haqida fikrlar bayon etilgan.
1
Assistant teacher, Samarkand State Medical University.
Жамият
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инновациялар
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Общество
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Special Issue
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03 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415
122
Зеленые богатства Узбекистана и их полезные
лечебные свойства
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
природа,
флора,
лекарственные растения,
лечебные свойства,
народная медицина,
классификация,
польза лекарственных
растений,
корни растений,
эффекты,
природные ресурсы.
Использование природных ресурсов на территории
Узбекистана подразумевает соблюдение определённых
условий. Благодаря благоприятному климату данного
региона, его флора и фауна отличаются богатством и
разнообразием, среди которых особенно выделяются
лекарственные растения. Перед началом их сбора важно
придерживаться
определённых
правил:
например,
избегать мест неподалёку от дорог, городских территорий
и промышленных объектов. Важно знать оптимальное
время для сбора растений и какие именно их части
обладают целебными свойствами. При сборе растений
требуется проявлять осторожность, учитывая наличие
среди них опасных и ядовитых видов.
The territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a region that is rich in flora and
fauna. There are many types of medicinal plants useful for traditional medicine in
our country. This makes it possible to create medicines aimed at preventing
several diseases using medicinal plants in our country.
However, no matter what the flora is, from year-to-year climate change and
external influences lead to their numbers declining. To prevent this, it is necessary
to use properly and plant natural medicinal plants. A number of laws and decisions
related to the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan are being
developed in order to protect medicinal plants in the Republic of Uzbekistan from
various dangers and use them in a beneficial way. These decisions are as follows:
"On strengthening nature protection and improving the usage of natural
resources", "On improving the protection of forests and the usage of forest
resources". It is desirable to learn about some medicinal plants found in our
country and their medicinal properties and usage for various purposes. There are
many wonderful tools that nature has given us, unfortunately, we cannot learn
them enough and apply them in our lives. If we knew all these things and knew
how to use them, natural medicines would help us in our lives, but not chemical
products.
Herbs are used to treat people and animals, to prevent diseases, as well as in
the food, perfumery, and cosmetic industries. It has been determined that there are
10-12 thousand species of medicinal plants on the earth. The chemical,
pharmacological, and properties of more than 1000 types of plants have been
investigated. There are more than 700 species of medicinal plants in Uzbekistan.
About 120 species of cultivated plants grown in natural conditions are used in
scientific and folk medicine.
Currently, about 40-47% of medicines used in medicine are obtained from
plant raw materials. Plants are living natural chemical laboratories with complex
Жамият
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structures and the ability to create complex organic substances or compounds
from simple inorganic substances. Dried herbs, shoots, roots, rhizomes, buds,
bulbs, barks, leaves, flowers, buds, fruits (seeds), seeds, juice, pulp, essential oil,
etc. are used medicinally. Medicinal plants are classified in two different ways:
1) depending on the composition of active substances
–
alkaloids, glycosides,
essential oils, vitamins, etc. 2) depending on their pharmacological properties
–
sedative, analgesic, hypnotic, affecting the cardiovascular system, central nervous
system stimulant, hypotensive, etc. The effect of medicinal plants on the div
depends on the number of chemical compounds in its composition. These
compounds accumulate in various parts of the plant. The period of high
effectiveness and quality of the drug corresponds to the time of the beginning of
their flowering and seeding period. Medicinal substances are stored in the bud, leaf
or stem of some plants, in the flower or fruit of some plants, in the root or bark of
some plants. Therefore, the part of plants with the most biologically active
substances is harvested.
Roots, rhizomes, bulbs and buds of plants are usually prepared during the
period when the plant goes into sleep
–
in late autumn or before the plant wakes
up
–
in early spring. The fruits and seeds of the plant are collected when they are
ripe, because they are rich in medicinal substances at this time. Freshly harvested
medicinal plant product contains moisture (up to 85% in the above-ground organs,
up to 45% in the roots). If this moisture is not removed (by drying), the plant will
rot and the medicinal substances will break down and become unusable.
Medicinal herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases since ancient
times. Works containing information about medicinal plants were written in the
countries of India, China, and Ancient Egypt 3-4 thousand years ago. In the East,
especially in the folk medicine of Central Asia, treatment using medicinal plants
has its own ancient traditions. Regarding the use of medicinal plants for medical
purposes, Abu Ali Ibn Sina’s work "Al
-Qanun" contains information about the
medicinal properties of about 476 plants and the methods of their use.
Currently, the types of medicinal plants have increased, and folk medicine
has been enriched with medicinal plants. Such medicinal plants as pomegranate,
bittersweet almond, dogwood, walnut, frankincense, pistachio tree, wormwood,
mint, rubella and others are widespread.
At Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute named after S.Q. Islambekov, various
district medicines are prepared from medicinal plants grown and cultivated in
Uzbekistan. The Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of
Sciences of Uzbekistan has a great service in finding medicinal plants and
extracting alkaloids from them. In the institute, various organs of more than 4000
plants were studied to obtain alkaloids, and about 1000 natural compounds were
isolated from them. On this basis, more than 20 valuable drugs such as cytisine and
galantamine were created and introduced into medicine. Essential oil, medicinal,
and dye plants of the Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden of the Academy of
Sciences of Uzbekistan. scientific staff in cooperation with specialists created the
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"Bile-
inducing Hojimatov’s
compound" prepared from the raw materials of
medicinal plants, ecologically clean and highly effective in the treatment of
jaundice (hepatitis), the most dangerous of the common infectious diseases in the
region of Central Asia, and this compound is allowed to be used and produced in
scientific medicine (1997). Also, the technology of planting medicinal plants is
being studied at the Department of Botany of Samarkand State University,
Tashkent State Pharmaceutical Institute. There are special farms that grow
medicinal plants in Tashkent, Namangan, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Kashkadarya,
Surkhandarya regions and Khorezm Mamun Academy. The raw materials of wild
medicinal plants are mainly prepared by the republican state-joint-stock concern
"Uzfarmsanoat", press companies, and the farms of the "Shifobakhsh" production
association of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management of Uzbekistan.
One such plant is saffron, known as the "Sultan of spices", which is
considered a valuable raw material for the food, pharmaceutical, and perfume
industries which is both medicinal and spice, and is the most expensive plant in the
world today. Saffron is grown in large plantations in the countries of the
Mediterranean, the Middle East, Central and South Asia, including Iran, India,
Turkey, Greece, Italy, Pakistan, the USA, Azerbaijan, Russia, and today also in the
territories of Uzbekistan. This plant is a perennial herb with a height of 10-30 cm.
The root is 2-3 cm. A bunch of leaves appear on the plant 10-15 days before the
flowering period.
We can say that the medicinal nature of our country is a great opportunity
for us. It is up to us to use this opportunity. By preserving such richness of
Uzbekistan, we have the opportunity to use its various useful aspects. That is, it is
better to use natural things and use natural means.
REFERENCES:
1. Self-esteem. The first volume. Tashkent, 2000.
2. Kholmatov H.Kh., Habibov Z.H., Pharmacognosy [Textbook], T., 1967.
3. Nabiyev M, Shifobakhsh giyokhlar, T., 1980.
4. Hojimatov Q., Olloyorov M., Medicinal plants of Uzbekistan and their
protection, T., 1988.
5. Khalikov K., Medicinal plants in the south of Uzbekistan, T., 1992.
6. Hajimatov Q.H., Y'oldoshev K.Y., Shogulomov U.Sh., Hozhimatov O.Q.,
Medicinal herbs ointment for pain (Phytotherapy), T., 1995.
6. Murdokhayev Yu.M. Kultura lekarstvennix rasteniy v Uzbekistan, T., 1988.
Kahhor Hojimatov.
