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Psychological foundations of modern women’s values
Feruza ABDURAKHMANOVA
Research Institute Family and Gender
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2024
Received in revised form
15 May 2024
Accepted 25 May 2024
Available online
15 June 2024
Modern society, with its changeability and uncertainty, is
changing the view of women and their position in it. Despite the
persistence of discrimination in some spheres of social life,
women are striving for equality by acquiring certain skills
characteristic only of men. Thanks to these skills, women can
make decisions independently, provide for their families, hold
high positions, and lead a life independent of men. By
independently overcoming life problems, a woman acquires
several qualities that shape her character, her behavior in
society, and her life guidelines. However, despite this, the
transmitted female image shows manifestations of kindness,
support, humanity, gentleness, empathy, responsiveness,
adaptability, and restraint. We also note the prevailing negative
attitude to violence, the acute experience of rudeness and
injustice, lowered requirements for innovation, they learn
educational procedures faster, their attitude to family and
children is more clearly defined, and they are more restrained
in assessing gender.
2181-
1415/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss5/S-pp78-82
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
modern women,
transformation of values,
ideal values,
outlook,
kindness,
individualism,
family,
social environment,
society.
Zamonaviy ayollar qadriyatlarining psixologik asoslari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
zamonaviy ayollar,
qadriyatlar
transformatsiyasi,
ideal qadriyatlar,
dunyoqarash,
mehribonlik,
individualizm,
oila,
ijtimoiy muhit,
jamiyat.
Zamonaviy jamiyat oʻzining oʻzgaruvchanligi va noaniqligi
bilan ayollarga boʻlgan nuqtai nazarni va undagi mavqeini
oʻzgartirmoqda.
Ijtimoiy
hayotning
ayrim
jabhalarida
kamsitishlar davom etayotganiga qaramay, ayollar faqat
erkaklarga xos boʻlgan ma’lum koʻnikmalarni egallab, tenglikka
intilmoqda. Bu koʻnikmalar tufayli ayollar mustaqil qaror qabul
qilish, oilasini boqish, yuqori lavozimlarni egallash va
erkaklardan mustaqil hayot kechirish imkoniyatiga ega
boʻlmoqda. Hayotiy muammolarni mustaqil ravishda yengib,
1
Doctoral student, Scientific Research Institute Family and Gender.
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ayol oʻzining xarakterini, jamiyatdagi xatti
-harakatlarini va
hayotiy yoʻriqnomalarini shakllantiradigan bir qator fazilatlarga
ega boʻladi. Biroq, shunga qaramay, uzatilgan ayol qiyofasi
mehribonlik,
qoʻllab
-quvvatlash,
insoniylik,
muloyimlik,
hamdardlik, sezgirlik, moslashuvchanlik, vazminlik namoyon
boʻladi. Biz, shuningdek, zoʻravonlikka salbiy munosabat,
qoʻpollik va adolatsizlikning oʻtkir tajribasi, innovatsiyalarga
boʻlgan talablarning pasayishi, ta’lim tartib
-qoidalarini tezroq
oʻrganishi, oila va bolalarga nisbatan oʻz munosabati aniqroq
belgilab qoʻyilganligi va jinsni baholashda koʻproq oʻzini
tutganligini qayd etamiz.
Психологические основы ценностей современной
женщины
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
современные женщины,
трансформация
ценностей,
идеальные ценности,
мировоззрение,
доброта,
индивидуализм,
семья,
социальная среда,
общество.
Современное общество с его изменчивостью и
неопределенностью меняет взгляд на женщин и их
положение в нем. Несмотря на сохранение дискриминации в
некоторых сферах общественной жизни, женщины стремятся
к равноправию, приобретая определенные навыки,
свойственные только мужчинам. Благодаря этим навыкам
женщины способны самостоятельно принимать решения,
обеспечивать свои семьи, занимать высокие должности и
вести независимую от мужчин жизнь. Самостоятельно
преодолевая жизненные проблемы, женщина приобретает
ряд качеств, формирующих ее характер, ее поведение в
обществе, ее жизненные ориентиры. Однако, несмотря на это,
в передаваемом женском образе проявляются проявления
доброты,
поддержки,
человечности,
мягкости,
сопереживания,
отзывчивости,
приспособляемости,
сдержанности. Также отмечаем преобладающее негативное
отношение к насилию, острое переживание грубости и
несправедливости, пониженные требования к новаторству,
они быстрее осваивают воспитательные процедуры, четче
определяется собственное отношение к семье и детям, они
более сдержаны в оценке пола.
INTRODUCTION
In the conditions of intensive transformations taking place in society, the study of
the factors of the socio-cultural environment, the place of personality in it, as well as the
study of possible qualitative transformations of the personality itself seems very
important and timely to us. Mankind at the crossroads of XX
–
XXI centuries is
experiencing the processes of global restructuring and modernization. In scientific,
journalistic, and discussion literature, massively published in recent years, it is noted that
the entire history of mankind is colored by ‘tragedy’, in particular, the XX century brought
for it the greatest discoveries and the greatest suffering. And again, on the threshold of
the new millennium, the question of the meaning of existence, the purpose and essence of
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man is raised. At the same time in periods of great cataclysms, this question was and is
posed even more acutely. Analysis of scientific and journalistic literature shows that
many destructions of the system of social values, characteristic of ‘transitional periods’ in
social history, are in itself the strongest destabilizing factor. The restructuring of the
value bases of society as a whole and the individual is not only a problem of direction, but
also a problem of social and economic development [1].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In sociology, social philosophy, and psychology, the category ‘value’ is recognized
as one of the most difficult to study, in a broader sense it can be attributed to cognitive
education (B.S. Bratus, L.D. Demina, B. Frankl, etc.), and motivational education
(V.F. Anurin, E.I. Golovakha, A. Maslow, etc.). Anurin, E.I. Golovakha, A. Maslow, etc.), in a
narrower way
–
values are understood as the conviction shared by society, social groups,
a person in particular, in the goals to be achieved, in the main means, actions, and ways
that lead to these goals [2]. And it is all ambiguous and complex due to the blurred
understanding of what is ‘good’ and what is ‘bad’. Nevertheless, the importance of
studying the problem of value is undoubted; there are theoretical and methodological
studies undertaken by specialists in different fields of science: values are defined as the
formation of a primary class of personal properties that determine the features of the
structure of behavior, motivation and their interaction (B.G. Ananyev); as «universals of
meaning» –
those meanings that the majority of people of a certain society have during
the period of historical development (V. Frankl); as forms of existence of values
–
social
ideals, subjects, and values of the society.
DISCUSSION
The concept of values and value orientations of a person is interdisciplinary.
Several scientific disciplines, such as philosophy, axiology, sociology, and certain
branches of psychology, have been studying values themselves, their representation in
interrelation with other aspects of existence, and the orientation of individuals and
groups on them for quite a long time. In the present study, we will attempt to study and
generalize the definitions and subject content of these two concepts currently available in
science [3].
In the cycle of philosophical, philosophical, and sociological disciplines, values and
value orientations correlate with the categories of norms and ideals, normative-value
systems, and social action. In sociological disciplines
–
with the categories of motivation
and management of people and their associations. In psychology, values are understood
both as a part of the personal structure and as a special subject area, and both
understandings can be alternative and complementary. The diversity of approaches to
the problem of value orientation is also due to the multitude of definitions of this concept,
which we have met in the scientific literature. Values, as a special subject area of reality,
began to be considered in the middle of the XIX century. According to the majority of
researchers, at present, we can distinguish more than 70 approaches to their definition.
RESULTS
D.A. Leontiev in his article in the journal "Questions of Philosophy"
(1996 № 4)
notes that values as an interdisciplinary concept can be conditionally arranged in the
space of six oppositions. For this purpose, he proposes to use the dimensional method,
once developed by V. Frankl. Based on this, D.A. Leontiev distinguishes the following
oppositions [4]:
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1. Understanding of value as an attribute
–
the subject matter of values themselves.
2. Values as a special reality, not deducible from the needs
–
sociality of values.
3. Individuality
–
individuality of values.
4. Sociologisation
–
ontologisation of the nature of individual values.
5. Consciousness-unconsciousness of values.
6. Functional realization of values as standards or ideals.
The space of oppositions of definitions of values proposed by the author seems to
us quite interesting and legitimate. Indeed, to raise a question about the subject of the
study, it is necessary, first of all, to define both the concepts themselves and their place
among other author's concepts. The scale of satisfaction with personal life at a high level
of significance is related to the scale of satisfaction with life in the present. Consequently,
it can be noted that the quality of personal life, in the opinion of most people, determines
the attitude to life in general. Therefore, the better a person’s personal life is, the more
satisfied he or she is with his or her life, and the higher the quality of communication
with others.
The scale of satisfaction with work is positively correlated with the scale of
satisfaction with social activity. The presence of such correlation dependence testifies to
the fact that work is the main factor of interaction with society for a person. The positive
correlation between the scales of satisfaction with housing conditions and the material
situation can be explained as follows: good housing is the main element of material well-
being. Accordingly, the more satisfied a person is with his/her housing conditions, the
better, he/she believes, is his/her material situation. The scale of satisfaction with
communication with art is closely connected with the scale of leisure. It is necessary to
emphasize that art is steadily referred by our subjects to the category of leisure in the
structure of a person’s socio
-cultural existence. The presence of a positive correlation
between the scales of health and physical appearance testifies to a rather stable
connection in a person’s understanding of the quality of his health and appearance: the
better his health, the more beautiful his physical div and appearance [5].
A person’s value attitude to the world permeates all spheres of his life activity and
serves as an integral characteristic of his spiritual state. The problem of studying values,
being interdisciplinary, is most acute in periods of social transformations, and deep
changes in the material and spiritual conditions of people's lives. In psychology, value
orientations are considered one of the most important characteristics of personality,
largely determining its orientation and content of social activity. Expressing a subjective-
evaluative, individual attitude of a person to social reality, value orientations serve as an
important factor in motivating his behavior, and have a significant impact on the choice
of spheres of life activity significant for the individual. One of the most important
universal values for a person is undoubtedly the family. The foundation of a person’s
value attitude to the family is the opportunities it provides for the realization of many
personal needs: inclusion in a social group, security, mutual understanding and support,
intimate interpersonal communication, self-realization, fatherhood and motherhood, and
others. Modern negative trends in the development of the family institution, instability of
marriages, and destruction of established moral and ethical norms and traditions hurt
the social and personal values of the family. Social differentiation into groups with
different value priorities is actively underway in society. On the other hand, in difficult
life conditions, it is the family that resists social tension and is a consolidating center for
the individual [6].
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CONCLUSION
It is generally accepted that values are a set of attitudes in various areas of life,
such as religion, morality, politics, work, etc. They function as standards or criteria,
determining the choice or evaluation of actions, courses of action, people, and events. We
decide whether actions, events, or other people are good or bad, what is worth doing and
what is worth avoiding, based on whether it helps bring us closer or, on the contrary,
delays the achievement of the desired values. Among young and mature women,
differences in gender role identification can also be observed: in mature women, it is
more integrated, they manage to harmoniously incorporate models of both female and
male types of behavior without disturbing positive attitudes towards themselves [7].
Young women, on the contrary, strive to be independent, and try to act on their own, thus
fully identifying themselves with the opposite sex. The reinforcement of masculine
strategies leads young women with a feminine identity to anxiety, which subsequently
leads to a desire to identify with the identity of a mature woman. Solomon Schwartz
defined values as follows: values are concepts or ideas that relate to a person’s desired
state or behavior, values are not limited to specific situations, serve as a guide in
choosing or evaluating behavior or events, and are ordered by relative importance [8].
Values and value orientations are a kind of social regulator of behavior; they determine
its direction, content, and forms of expression. They are closely connected with the needs
and interests of the individual, with the emotional-volitional mechanisms of his psyche. It
is generally accepted that women are the guardians of values. Meanwhile, in modern
society, a situation of value-normative diversity has developed, in which traditional
moral guidelines are being eroded.
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