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Problems of resocialization of women and their solutions
Dilrabo ABDUSAMIEVA
1
Tashkent State University of Law
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received September 2024
Received in revised form
15 October 2024
Accepted 25 October 2024
Available online
25 December 2024
This article examines the necessity of resocialisation for
individuals released from penal institutions, the importance of
the principle of differentiation in the process of re-socialisation,
the specific aspects of working with ex-convict women, the
problems they face and ways to overcome them. It does so by
analysing the experience of different foreign countries. Based
on these analyses, suggestions and recommendations are
developed to eliminate the identified problems.
2181-
1415/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss11/S-pp
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
post-penitentiary system,
women released from
correctional institutions,
resocialization,
recidivism,
probation,
resocialization programs.
Аёллар ресоциализациясидаги муаммолар ва уларни
бартараф этиш йўллари
АННОТАЦИЯ
Калит сўзлар:
постпенитенциар тизим,
ижтимоий мослаштириш,
махкумлар учун таълим,
жиноятларни олдини
олиш.
Мазкур мақолада жазони ижро этиш муассасалари ва
органларининг турли тизимларини шакллантириш,
маҳкумлар
билан
ишлашнинг
илмий
асосланган
усулларини ишлаб чиқиш ва қўллаш, уларни таснифлаш ва
дифференциал ёндашувни амалга ошириш, шунингдек
ижтимоий
ҳаётга
тайёрлаш
бўйича
Финляндия,
Швейцария, Германия Федератив Республикаси, Буюк
Британия, АҚШ, Япония ва Жанубий Корея давлатларининг
илғор амалий тажрибасини миллий амалиётга жорий этиш
бўйича таклифлар таҳлил этилади.
1
Teacher, Tashkent State University of Law. E-mail: dilraboabdusamiyeva@gmail.com
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
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Общество
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инновации
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Society and innovations
Special Issue
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11 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415
319
Проблемы ресоциализации женщин и пути их решения
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
постпенитенциарная
система,
женщины,
освободившиеся из
исправительных
учреждений,
ресоциализация,
рецидивизм,
пробация,
программы
ресоциализации.
В статье на основе изучения опыта зарубежных стран
проанализированы особенности работы с бывшими
осужденными женщинами, проблемы, с которыми они
сталкиваются, и пути их преодоления, как способ борьбы с
преступностью,
обоснована
необходимость
ресоциализации лиц, освободившихся из мест лишения
свободы, значение принципа дифференциации в процессе
ресоциализации. В результате изучения опыта зарубежных
стран проанализированы особенности работы с бывшими
осужденными женщинами, проблемы, с которыми они
сталкиваются, и пути их преодоления. В результате
проведенного
анализа разработаны предложения и
рекомендации по устранению выявленных проблем.
One of the important tasks of the state is to protect law and order in society, fight
crime and prevent crimes by identifying the factors that cause them. Therefore, the areas
of criminal law, penal law, criminology and crime prevention are always in the spotlight,
and scientific research is constantly being conducted to identify and eliminate problems
in this area. The state is developing regulatory legal documents at various levels aimed at
legal regulation of relations in this area.
At the same time, large-scale reforms to reduce crime are constantly being
implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
According to the information provided on the official page of the Statistics Agency,
the total number of registered crimes in 2020 was 62081, in 2021
–
111082, in 2022
–
105215. From this we see that the crime rate is increasing every year. This shows that
the measures taken must be strengthened.
One of these measures is to improve resocialization of persons released from penal
institutions. Through this, it is possible to reduce the rate of re-offending and recidivism
by them.
It is known that there are a number of problems that need to be solved in the
postpenitentiary system, that is, a number of problems will arise in front of individuals
after serving their sentence. In order to study and analyze these problems in detail, it is
appropriate to study the persons released from penal institutions by dividing them into
the categories of women, men, and minors based on the principle of differentiation.
This article discusses the problems of social adaptation of women released from
correctional institutions, and also develops proposals and recommendations to eliminate
these problems and thereby reduce the level of recidivism on their part.
The total number of reported crimes committed by women was 5,774 in
2020, 9,759 in 2021, and 11,460 in 2022. This shows that female crime is increasing
sharply.
Although it was not possible to obtain information on how many of these women
were sentenced to imprisonment, according to the information provided by the Special
Accounting Department of the Department of Corrections, in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021,
2022 and in 2023, 731, 825, 601, 560, 693 and 709 women were released from penal
institutions, respectively [1].
Жамият
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Общество
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Society and innovations
Special Issue
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It can be seen that the state is faced with the task of reintegrating 700 women into
society every year. The most effective way to solve this problem is to work with each
former convict individually. Only then will it be possible to fully identify the problems
that are bothering them and eliminate those problems. Here, in general, we should dwell
on the question of what problems arise for women who have served their sentences, and
the circumstances that impede their resocialization and reduce the possibility of
committing a crime.
The criminal past of former convicts is one of the main factors hindering their
resocialization. In addition to the difficulties women face in prison, they face stigma and
discrimination when they are released and returned to society. It is because of their
criminal history that women often face negative attitudes, prejudices and discrimination
from society. This creates problems for them in finding work, housing and social
reintegration. Most women after their release will not be able to find stable housing and
work, as well as support from the state, civil society institutions and relatives. These
factors can make it difficult to establish a stable life and increase the risk of relapse.
The next factor is problems arising in family relationships. Successful
resocialization depends on the existence of a safe, stable family environment and active
support from family members after release. However, once women are released, this
support is often unavailable to them. Women's deprivation of liberty leads to family
breakdown in most cases, including divorce, unemployment and homelessness [2]. When
women are in prison, even for a short period of time, their children are often forced to
live with other relatives or receive alternative care. In such situations, it is sometimes
difficult to reunite families after release.
The next issue is the obstacles to women's employment. Having a steady job after
release and being able to meet financial needs is critical to preventing recidivism. But
women convict often face difficulties in finding a job due to their lack of qualifications,
education and the stigma associated with their criminal past. The resulting financial
instability can exacerbate problems related to housing, education, and health.
In addition, insufficient access to health care, including reproductive health
services, can cause serious problems for women's socialization.
The above-mentioned issues are not only in Uzbekistan, but also in the whole
world related to resocialization. In order to overcome these and create effective re-
socialization programs and support services tailored to the needs of women offenders
around the world, it is essential to recognize and address these issues.
If we look at the example of Uzbekistan, the mechanism for the effective
functioning of the post-penitentiary system has not been sufficiently formed, that is, the
normative legal document has not been developed that comprehensively regulates the
relations related to the re-socialization of persons who have served their sentence. Also
practice in this field is not fully formed. In addition, the activities of civil society
institutions in this field have not been established.
However, it is necessary to mention some structures that carry out the task of re-
socializing persons who have served their sentence. Probation service, rehabilitation and
social adaptation centers for persons released from places of deprivation of liberty
established by the authorities are among them. The probation service is a relatively new
structure in Uzbekistan, and its main focus is on the execution of sentences not related to
deprivation of liberty, and serious attention is not paid to the resocialization of prisoners.
The reason is that the disproportion between the workload of the Probation Service and
the state units does not allow this.
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If we consider the activities of rehabilitation and social adaptation centers for
persons released from places of imprisonment, then their main task is to organize and
ensure social protection of persons released from places of imprisonment, clothing, food
and accommodation in conditions to properly satisfy their primary needs by providing a
one-time benefit, create acceptable social and living conditions, receive help from
specialists (psychologist, medical worker, lawyer, etc.), provide treatment, referral to
homes for the elderly and disabled [3]. Although it is defined as providing assistance in
solving housing and other social problems, as well as in obtaining benefits provided by
law, as a result of visiting relevant places and studying, it turned out that the main
activity of the center is one-time benefits to former convicts. From the above, we can
conclude that in Uzbekistan there are a number of issues that need to be resolved not
only in terms of the reintegration into society of women who have served their sentences,
but also in the entire post-penitentiary system.
Above, we explained a number of problems that may arise in the process of
women's resocialization, now let's analyze the methods of eliminating these problems. In
the implementation of women's resocialization, different countries develop specific
socialization programs, including programs aimed at treatment, education, vocational
training, and psychological support.
If we look at the example of Canada, in order to facilitate the future integration of
prisoners into society in penal institutions, a number of activities are carried out while
they are serving their sentences, including the active use of public participation, that is,
voluntary citizens visiting penal institutions, they teach their skills and abilities to
prisoners. In addition, the visit of various families to the penal institutions is also
envisaged, the purpose of which is to prevent the prisoners from being cut off from
society and social life and the problems that may arise in the process of their re-
socialization in the future [4].
The postpenitentiary system is well established in Russia. Special assistance
centers have been established for women who have served their sentence. This center is
called Women's Aid Crisis Centers and it is financed by the state. The main goal of the
center is to provide psychological support to women who have been in difficult social
conditions, and to help them re-socialize. The center provides medical, psychological,
economic and legal services [4]. The positive side of the center is that all the services
listed above are provided in one place, which prevents excessive wandering of ex-
convicts.
Finland is one of the countries with high experience in re-socialization of persons
who have served their sentences [5, 6]. Rather than punishing criminals, Finland
prioritizes preparing them for life after release, meaning that prisoners are offered
quality education and vocational training that ensures a smooth transition to the outside
world. . In addition, special attention is paid to family relations and parental support in
women's prisons. After their release, they will have the opportunity to use various social
services through the probation service.
The countries that we have discussed above and a number of other developed
countries also do not punish convicts at the stage of execution of the sentence, but
prepare them for freedom as their main goal, in which they can learn a profession, get an
education, and execute the sentence. It allows them to maintain family relations in a
certain sense despite being in the institution. Through this, they will be able to continue
Жамият
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their life in the society without difficulties after their release. As we have seen above,
these measures are carried out in parallel not only by the state, but also by non-
governmental organizations. This will ensure more effective re-socialization of persons
who have served their sentence.
REFERENCES:
1.
Letter No. 28/10-10-6134 submitted on 28.10.2023 by the Special Account
Department of the Department of Penalty Execution under the Ministry of Internal Affairs
of the Republic of Uzbekistan
2.
The rehabilitation and social reintegration of women prisoners: Implementation
of the Bangkok Rules. Guide to the rehabilitation and social reintegration of women
prisoners. p.17.
3.
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July
17, 2018 No. 543 “On practical measures to further improve the system of social welfare
and employment of persons released from prison”.
4.
Xodjayev S., Sodiqov F. Jazoni ijro etish muassasalaridan qaytgan shaxslarning
ijtimoiy moslashuvi va muammolari. Methodical manual.
–
Tashkent: "Mahalla va oila
publishing house", 2022.
–
pp 30-32.
5.
Shirinkhon K. Topical issues of enhancing the administration of e-commers
//Scientific aspects and trends in the field of scientific research.
–
2023.
–
Т. 1. –
№. 6. –
С.
157-160.
6.
Fakhriddinovna B. Z. The impact of family decisions on child psychology: legal
and artistic interpretation //Interdiscipline innovation and scientific research
conference.
–
2022.
–
Т. 1. –
№. 4. –
С. 15
-18.
