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International relations of the Central Asian countries
Shakhnoza IMINOVA
1
Andijan State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received December 2024
Received in revised form
15 December 2024
Accepted 20 January 2025
Available online
15 February 2025
The article conducts a scientific analysis of periodical press
materials to identify both the issues that have been addressed
and those that remain to be implemented in the process of
integrating Central Asian countries into Uzbekistan's
modernization efforts.
2181-
1415/©
2025 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss1/S-pp
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
integration,
Central Asia,
region,
geopolitics,
cooperation,
association,
platform,
customs,
consolidation,
strategy,
SPEKA,
investment,
declaration.
Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlari xalqaro aloqalari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
Integratsiya,
Markaziy Osiyo,
mintaqa,
geosiyosat,
hamkorlik,
assotsiatsiya,
platforma,
bojxona,
konsolidatsiya,
strategiya,
SPEKA,
sarmoya,
deklaratsiya.
Maqolada
modernizatsiya
qilinayotgan
O‘zbekiston
sharoitida Markaziy Osiyo davlatlarining integratsiyalashuvi
jarayonida
amalga oshirilgan va amalga oshirilishi lozim bo‘lgan
masalalar davriy matbuot materiallari asosida ilmiy tahlil
qilindi.
1
Teacher, Department of History of Uzbekistan, Andijan State University.
Жамият
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391
Международные отношения стран Центральной Азии
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
интеграция,
Центральная Азия,
регион,
геополитика,
сотрудничество,
объединение,
платформа,
таможня,
консолидация,
стратегия,
СПЕКА,
инвестиции,
декларация.
В статье, основанной на материалах периодической
печати,
научно
проанализированы
вопросы,
реализованные и те, которые планируется реализовать в
процессе интеграции стран Центральной Азии в условиях
модернизации Узбекистана.
On June 22, 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted a historic resolution
“Strengthening regional and international cooperation to ensure peace,
stability, and
sustainable development in the Central Asian region”. This once again demonstrated the
broad international support for Uzbekistan’s initiatives to develop regional cooperation
at a high level in Central Asia. At the plenary session of the UN General Assembly on
December 19, 2019, a special resolution “Sustainable tourism and sustainable
development in Central Asia” was adopted. This initiative was put forward by President
Shavkat Mirziyoyev in Beijing in April 2019 during a meeting with UN Secretary-General
Antonio Guterres. The draft document, developed by Uzbekistan and submitted on behalf
of the Central Asian countries, was unanimously supported by the UN member states.
This document was co-authored by more than 50 countries from North and Latin
America, Asia, Africa, and other continents. This indicates the relevance and timely
acceptance of the initiative of the Leader of Uzbekistan by the international community.
Today, relations between Uzbekistan and the UN in the field of ecology and
environmental protection are intensifying. In this area, the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev drew attention to another acute and urgent global
problem
–
the Aral Sea tragedy, and called on the world community to "reduce the
devastating impact of this ecological disaster on the livelihoods of millions of people
living in Central Asia and to preserve the natural, biological balance" [6].
It is clear to all of us that research scientists of many countries have been working
on developing effective ways of regional integration for several years. That is, scientists
have been paying attention to the scientific analysis of the processes of integration
between countries by simplifying trade, customs procedures, common market formation,
logistics, and other mechanisms.
Currently, the attention of the world's scientists and political scientists is focused
on the Central Asian region, because according to the experts, the process of
rapprochement with this region is under the leadership of the President of Uzbekistan
Sh.M. Mirziyoyev emphasized that it can be seen that it started with the efforts that it is
being recognized in the sense of regional "unity, the peaceful way".
The European Union, which at one time united several countries into a powerful
single economic block, as well as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, which
became one of the centers of effective industrial cooperation, are successful integration
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processes and regional leaders who were able to make scientific observations based on a
scientific model aimed at the formation of a free trade zone of researchers. It can be seen
that he took the initiative to form a full-fledged free trade zone.
Currently, the policy of rapprochement in the region conducted by the President of
Uzbekistan is attracting the attention of many experts. For example, Ali Rostbin, the
president of the Paris Academy of Geopolitics, said that the improvement of the
infrastructure serves to unite the efforts of the countries in the transport and
communication connection of Central Asia and to deepen regional cooperation.
It is not for nothing that we started our article with thoughts about regional
integration, because one of the main directions of the foreign policy of the renewed
Uzbekistan is aimed at raising comprehensive cooperation and friendly relations with the
countries of Central Asia to a new level.
Taking into account that the peoples of Central Asia have been connected
throughout the centuries with their entire existence and spirit, and have common
spiritual and moral ways of living and traditions, it is necessary to look at the socio-
economic and political processes that are emerging in new historical conditions from a
different perspective is doing. In recent years, unprecedented historical steps have been
taken to strengthen and expand relations between the countries of Central Asia. This, in
turn, paved the way for further strengthening of cooperation based on the principles of
mutual trust and good neighborliness.
It should be noted that due to the joint efforts and political will of the heads of
state, regular high-level meetings and contacts serve to strengthen comprehensive and
mutually beneficial cooperation. For example, just one example, the President of
Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyoyev's during a state visit to Kyrgyzstan in September 2017, as a
result of the signing of the agreement on the Uzbekistan-Kyrgyz state border, important
agreements were reached on 85 percent of the interstate border. As a result, in
2019 alone, about 4.6 million citizens of Uzbekistan visited Kyrgyzstan, and it should be
noted that the number of people from Kyrgyzstan to Uzbekistan exceeded 1.4 million.
This situation shows a 30 percent increase compared to 2018 [2].
In the conditions of the new Uzbekistan, significant work has been done to
strengthen regional stability and cooperation, the volume of mutual investments has
increased by almost 6 times, the volume of direct foreign investments has increased by
45 percent, the gross domestic product of the countries of the region has increased by 40
percent, the turnover of goods has increased by 2.5 times, and the indicators of domestic
regional tourism have increased by 2 it is reasonable to admit that it has doubled.
Today, more than 1,250 Kazakh enterprises are operating in Uzbekistan, and more
than 1,400 companies with Uzbek capital are operating in Kazakhstan. Among the
priority areas of development of Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan cooperation is the field of
transport communications. This critical communication network serves as a transit for
third countries. In 2023, the volume of international transportation in railway transport
was 23.46 million tons, in road transport
–
2.1 million tons, and in air transport
–
90 thousand tons[1].
It is characteristic that special attention is being paid to the formation of specific
mechanisms for solving regional issues in the conditions of modernizing Uzbekistan. For
example, on July 15-16, 2021, "Central and South Asia: Regional Connection" will be held
in Tashkent. Frederic Starr, the founder and chairman of the Central Asia and Caucasus
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Institute at Johns Hopkins University, expressed the following thoughts about the
impressions of the international conference on "Threats and Opportunities". "... Shavkat
Mirziyoev rightly emphasized that we are not starting something new, this is the
rediscovery of the ancient and real region, the reconstruction of the road to the south...
organizers should be used, because they will show the whole world that Central Asia
exists and announcing the opening of the road to the south[3].
It is appropriate to say that today Uzbekistan is implementing an open and
constructive policy to strengthen peace and friendship, trust and good neighborliness,
expand mutually beneficial cooperation between the countries, and meet the common
interests of the countries in both regions[4].
Such changes in the international arena have naturally created a great opportunity
for the region to become the center of attention of the world community with its rich
historical heritage and diversity of cultures. The attitude and attention of the leading
countries to the serious changes taking place in the region with almost 80 million
inhabitants began to change radically. On September 19, 2023, a 5+1 format summit of
the leaders of the Central Asian countries and the USA was held. The most important
thing is that, for 8 years since its establishment, dialogue in this format was held at the
level of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, and now for the first time it was held at the level
of presidents. According to the essence, this meeting was held by US President J. Biden. It
was a convenient opportunity to meet personally with the leaders of 5 Central Asian
countries and to solve important issues. It should be noted that another such meeting
took place in Germany.
On September 28-30, 2023, the leaders of the countries of the region visited
Germany. At the 1st summit in the format of Central Asia-Germany, the leaders of the
"5" first discussed with the Federal President of Germany Frank Walter Steinmeier, and
then with Olaf Scholtz. Of course, there is no doubt that this meeting between Germany,
one of the leading countries of Europe, and the countries of Central Asia will open wide
opportunities for raising the integration processes to a new level [5].
It is also worth noting that the UN Special Program for the Economy of Central Asia
(SPEKA) was established in Tashkent in 1998 at the initiative of Uzbekistan. The proposals
and initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan at the 1st summit of the UN Special Program for
the Central Asian Economies, held in Baku on November 23-24, 2023, are worthy of
attention, including trade, communication, transport and logistics, digitalization, energy,
water resources, ecology, within the program. more than 400 projects aimed at expanding
cooperation in gender equality and other areas were implemented, and trade facilitation and
innovative development strategies were adopted [6].
Here, when talking about the issues discussed at the summit, it should be
emphasized that it is envisaged to open roads through the region to China, Afghanistan,
and through the Caspian to Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan of Southeast Asian countries and
to Turkey, the Middle East, and European countries. The main goal is to combine all
routes into a single transport scheme [7]. Therefore, we think that it is appropriate to
further expand and improve the effective programs of regional integration, and at the
same time, to pay special attention to the following issues when solving the issues that
are waiting for a solution:
–
Stimulating regional trade, finding optimal ways to eliminate existing barriers
and problems;
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Creation of effective mechanisms for the development of interregional transport
corridors;
–
Creation of scientific and technological options for the use of effective means of
ensuring regional food safety;
–
To ensure the use of scientific-practical, effective means of implementing the
"green strategy" idea;
–
Creation of international norms for finding a solution to Afghanistan's problems
on an international scale to ensure peace and stability in the region.
Uzbekistan, in cooperation with the UN, pays special attention to preserving and
strengthening religious tolerance, solving urgent problems related to the lives of young
people. In this regard, the Head of our state put forward the initiative to develop and
adopt a resolution “Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance” at the 72nd session of the
UN General Assembly. Speaking from the UN rostrum, the President noted that the main
goal of the resolution proposed by Uzbekistan is “to ensure the right to education for all,
to help eradicate illiteracy and ignorance.” He noted that the document is “aimed at
establishing tolerance and mutual respect, ensuring religious freedom, protecting the
rights of believers, and preventing their discrimination
”
. At the plenary session of the UN
General Assembly on December 12, 2018, a special resolution “Enlightenment and
Religious Tolerance” was adopted. This docume
nt, developed by Uzbekistan in a short
period, was unanimously supported by the UN member states. More than 50 countries
from North and Latin America, Asia, Africa, and other continents became co-authors of
this document. This indicates that the relevance and timely implementation of the
initiative of the head of Uzbekistan is highly recognized by the international community.
REFERENCES:
1.
Speech by the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 78th session of
the UN General Assembly.
2.
New Uzbekistan 2021, March 10, No. 49 (305)
3.
Khalk suzi 2021, July 17, No. 151 (7931)
4.
New Uzbekistan 2023, September 29, No. 199 (988)
5.
New Uzbekistan 2024, April 6, No. 69 (1130)
6.
https://gov.uz/oz/mfa/sections/view/14469
7.
Komilov, O. K. (2021). Modernization History of the Irrigation System in Uzbekistan
(In the Example of the Period of Independence). Design Engineering, 6111-6120.
