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STUDY OF UZBEK AND KARAKALPAK LITERARY RELATIONSHIPS
Dadebayeva Malika Miratbayevna
Student at Karakalpak State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15779444
Abstract.
This article examines the history of the study of Uzbek and
Karakalpak literary relations. The theoretical foundations of literary relations
between the literatures of blood-related peoples are analyzed.
Keywords:
Uzbek literature, Karakalpak literature, folklore, lyrics,
socialization, artistry, literary influence.
Turkic peoples, including the Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples, have created
rich literary traditions over the millennia of historical and cultural development.
The literature of these peoples has determined not only the spiritual world of
their people, but also the general trends of the entire Turkic world and world
culture. As Aziz Nesin noted, the greatness of each people is determined by its
cultural heritage. Therefore, the historical experience and literary heritage of the
Turkic peoples are of great importance even today.
Due to the harsh influence of the ideological policy of the Soviet era, in-
depth study of the national cultural heritage and its promotion were limited for
many years. However, thanks to independence, an opportunity arose to
understand national identity, return to history, and restore mutual cultural
cooperation. The fact that the principle of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan “Literary friendship is eternal friendship” is supported at the level of
state policy today is a vivid example of this.
The Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples have long lived in the same territory, in
the same cultural space, and have developed in close connection with each
other's language, religion, customs, and literary traditions. Literature has served
as the most vivid expression of these historical and social ties. Such figures of
Uzbek literature as Alisher Navoi and Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur had a strong
influence on Karakalpak literature. In particular, the reflection of Navoi's work
in the work of Karakalpak poets such as Berdaq, Ajiniyoz, and Oteshquli, and the
fact that they wrote commentaries on Navoi's ghazals, testify to the depth of the
literary dialogue.
Also, the fact that Berdaq, one of the famous names in Karakalpak literature,
was inspired by the Uzbek literary environment and put forward pan-Turkic
ideas in his work confirms the naturalness and harmony of literary relations
between the two peoples.
The issue of scientific study of Uzbek and Karakalpak literary relations has
become a separate direction in literary studies since the second half of the last
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
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century. Kamol Mambetov's 1968 candidate's dissertation, Bakhtiyor
Kurbanboyev's monograph "Berdaq and Uzbek Literature", and G.
Kurambayeva's doctoral research are important scientific achievements in this
regard. Through them, the processes of mutual literary influence, translation
activities and aesthetic assimilation are deeply analyzed.
Today, the need to develop Uzbek-Qarakalpak literary relations in the new
historical context, within the framework of the ideology of independence, on the
basis of an integrative approach is increasing. The main directions in this regard
are:
• Implementation of joint literary projects (anthologies, translations,
conferences);
• Conducting research on the classical and modern literature of the two
peoples;
• Organization of mutual literary awards, festivals;
• Development of cultural programs that strengthen creative exchange and
friendship between young writers.
The historical and cultural proximity of the Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples,
the experience of literary cooperation and relations based on mutual respect -
will undoubtedly expand further in the future and reach new levels. After all,
literature is a bridge between nations, an important pillar of cultural unity and a
symbol of eternal friendship.
Literary ties between the Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples have undoubtedly
been formed and strengthened over many centuries. Their mutual cultural and
literary cooperation is not only historical ties, but also serves to further enrich
each other's literary and cultural heritage today. Through creative exchanges,
translation activities and literary research, relations between the two peoples
are reaching a new level. This process serves to strengthen the cultural unity
between the Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples and preserve their common
historical and cultural past. Also, literature is a bridge between nations and
should become an important means of cultural ties leading to eternal friendship
and cooperation.
It is difficult to imagine literary ties without the activities of individual
creators. There are many creators who have had a significant impact on the
strengthening of Uzbek-Qarakalpak literary ties and their development with
their new works. Several works by famous poets S. Akbariy, B. Boykobulov, A.
Abdurazzoq, G. Matyokubova, drawn from the life of the Karakalpaks, can serve
as an example of our idea.
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When it comes to nationality in fiction, most literary critics see it in
traditions, national dress, activities, efforts, speech, and believe that it finds its
embodiment in these cases. True, these cases are factors that determine
nationality. However, it cannot be said that these means and factors in
themselves fully express nationality. Because these are the outward
manifestations of nationality. As is known, appearance is a form. And form never
determines the essence of the matter. It is a tool that serves to define.
Nationality is embodied, first of all, in the psyche. All other characteristics that
determine nationality depend on it, stem from it. And the psyche is a divine
force, spiritual nourishment that determines the nature and identity of a person.
A person with a strong psyche does not deviate from the right path, does not
renounce his faith. The characteristics characteristic of a nation, which are noted
and emphasized in many sources, namely, the predominance of the spirit of
living as a community; the strength of high respect for parents, neighborhoods;
the community in general; love for the native language; respect for the elderly
and the young; respect for women; patience and hard work; honesty, kindness,
etc. All these characteristics are the product of the national psyche. Because
these qualities do not come from the div of a person, but from his feelings. The
hero of today's literature has this characteristic. The traditions of world
literature and literary and cultural ties have a great influence on the diverse
creative and stylistic research in the poetry of all peoples of the world. As a
result, the weight of genres in the poetry of fraternal peoples has increased, the
artistic structure, style of expression, content, composition of images have
become richer, and attention is being paid to revealing the psyche of the lyrical
hero. Identifying the poetic laws, features of stylization and artistic synthesis
involved in such poetic changes is of great importance in proving the signs of
artistic improvement based on mutual literary influence in the lyrics of fraternal
peoples. In world literary studies, special attention is paid to the study of the
thematic direction, artistic-compositional, linguopoetic features of the works
being created, directly linking them with the worldview of the creator, and
stylistic skill, and in this, special attention is paid to the synthesis of Western and
Eastern folklore, classical and modern literary traditions. The new pathos is
accompanied by the choice of artistic form, theme, motif, and image, and as a
result, formal and stylistic research in the poetry of the nation is renewed in its
own unique forms. Substantiating the typology and specificity of traditions in
poetry, the similarities in formal and stylistic research and renewal, the place
and role of literary influence in this, and the preservation of the national
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mentality as a literary process through systematic analysis serves the theoretical
and practical development of our literary studies. Like other nations, Uzbek and
Karakalpak poetry was formed due to the socio-political upheavals of the early
20th century, the ruthless trampling of national culture by tyrants, the trampling
of national values, honor, and the breaking of bonds of kindness between people.
As a result, such artistic searches and attempts took on the form of a certain
poetic process. As is known, the brutally tyrannical regime of the 20th century
sought to keep national poets firmly in the grip of the same patterns. They
looked at the world only through this pattern. The fear of repression restrained
the minds of creators. Freedom of thought and speech was stifled. As a result,
literature became artistically impoverished to a certain extent. The same mood,
the same form and theme prevented poets from creating new metaphors. Worse,
as a result, the poets of the nation also enjoyed the dominant principles of world
literature for a long time.
It can be concluded that the ethnic, linguistic and cultural ties between the
Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples are significant not only for their historical roots,
but also for their influence on the development of global culture. These peoples,
living in close and interconnected territories, presented each other with their
cultural heritage. The exchange of literary works and examples of oral creativity
preserved in the memory of the people, reflects the unity and mutual respect of
these peoples.
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