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THE HISTORY OF THE AESTHETIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S
MUSICAL ART IN UZBEKISTAN
Shodiyeva Shahinabonu Shoirjon qizi
Fergana State University
Pedagogy-psicology and art history
music education,2 st year student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15773237
Abstract:
the history of the development of children's music in Uzbekistan,in this
article, the direct correlation between the future, development and development of
society and education, as well as a number of issues are comprehensively considered.
Key words:
song, children,
music, education, future, composer, vocals
.
The future, prosperity and development of society is directly related to
education. After all, education improves human thinking, and after the
independence of our country, our head of state focused on correcting the issue of
education in his first speeches and lectures, as well as in his first works. In
particular, "restoration of self-determination", "pride of an independent state" of
every citizen, "spiritual promotion of the national pride of Uzbeks", "to their
people, their traditions, language and education of love and respect for culture"
were given to fully solve the problems of education. Education, especially
national education, occupies an important place in the development of the state
and society. If you look at the history of the Uzbek people, solving the problem of
lifelong education has taken the main place Human education starts from
childhood. How he was brought up as a child.
1
In the works of our scientists and poets, such as Yusuf Khos Hajib, Al-
Beruni, Al-Farabi, special attention was paid to the issue of education. The above
evidence shows the necessity of education in every historical period and in any
society. It is difficult to imagine the human well-being of society without
education.
A person is brought up and educated from birth to the end of his life. So, a
person's future, life and livelihood are often related to education. Therefore,
human education starts from childhood. How he was brought up as a child, his
behavior and morals are formed accordingly. Therefore, in our society, the main
attention is paid to child education. There is a saying in our nation that "Children
are our future". This wisdom is expressed in the "National Personnel Training
Program", where it is specially noted that the whole, morally clean, decent
1
Musiqa ta’limi va tarbiya birligi (ilmiy, metodik maqollar to‘plami). Toshkent. 1996 yil.
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generation can build a free civil society. Child education is the foundation of the
development of the young independent Uzbekistan society and its future. The
development of society and child education are common.
2
For the first time in the 30s and 40s, composers and composers such as
Ye.Ramonovsky, Il.Akbarov, Yu.Rajabi collected and created children's music,
Uzbek folk songs and folklore works in 1936 "30 songs" for children. published a
collection called In 1942, Nadezhdin published collections such as "Young
Children" and "Children's Song" by Il. Akbarov in the same year. In this period,
attention was paid to new topics in children's songs. Among them are songs
about school, childhood, Motherland, friendship, work. These created works
were created for children and children's choirs in unison.
These songs were performed by children at competitions and holidays.
During this period, the first plays for children and teenagers were created. One
of the composers who created this children's theme was B. Nadezhdin. The
rhythms of Uzbek folk songs are included in his works. For example: works in
the repertoire of children's music schools: "Sad Song", "Happy March",
"Dombira", "Music Lesson", "Grandmother's Story" and others.
His works continue the traditions of classical composers. It also instills in
children a love for people, nature, the surrounding world, and Uzbek folk music.
Preparation for creativity in the 30s and 40s of the 20th century became a guide
for the creation and development of youth and children's music.
In the 1930s and 1940s, the Conservatory and the State Philharmonic of
Uzbekistan were opened, so important events took place in the cultural life of
the Republic of Uzbekistan. Children's music was created. It was during this
period that Uzbek composers paid great attention to the music of children and
teenagers. During this period, the creativity of Uzbek composers G. Kadirov, M.
Nasimov, D. Zokirova, B. Giyenko, S. Yudakov, Sh. Ramazonov, F. Nazarov, G.
Mushel, A. Muhamedov, S. Varelas flourished. . The songs created by them were
positively received by generational performers and listeners. The most leading
publishing houses of Uzbekistan (G. Ghulom and Okhita) started to publish
collections for children and teenagers in the largest number.
Although there was a preparation for completing the work of composers in
the 30s and 40s of the 20th century, the period of creating children's music and
the creativity of young people was at its peak in the 50s and 70s. The 1950s and
1970s could be called a new period of interest in the works of children and
teenagers by Uzbek composers. It is during this period that the work of the song
2
Omonullayeva D. “Umumiy ta’lim maktablarida musiqa ta’lim-tarbiyasi konsepsiyasi” Toshkent. 1992 yil.
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genre of experienced specialists of the composers of Uzbekistan flourishes.
These are: T. Sodikov, M. Ashrafiy, M. Burkhanov, K. Abdullayev, D. Zokirov, G'.
Kadirov, B. Giyenko, I. Hamroyev, Il. Akbarov, S. Boboyev, M. Nasimov, S.
Yudakov, Sh.Ramazonov, F.Nazarov, G.Mushel, A.Muhammedova, S.Varelas, etc.
Based on the editing of Boris Nadezhdin, in 1950 - "Children's Songs",
"Youth Song" in 1955, a collection called "Children's Song"; G. Goncharova's
"Music in Primary School" in 1951, I. Akbarov's "We Sing" in 1959 were created.
3
By the 1960s, collections written for children finally increased to a high
level. Educational manuals and textbooks have been published. Children's songs
are mainly included in the musical literature of secondary schools. The works of
composers of the 50s and 70s are still popular among the new generation of
performers and listeners. All leading publishers have published large collections
for young performers, children and teenagers.
In the 1960s and 1970s, composers such as S.Babayev, Ye.Schwarz,
K.Abdullayev, S.Abramova, A.Berlin, Sh.Yormatov, and H.Rahimov filled the
ranks of great specialist composers in the creation of children's music. At that
time, a new page was opened for children in Uzbekistan. In the 1930s and 1960s,
there were 2 and 3-voice terts in children's works. By the 1970s and 1980s,
there was a return to folklore, singing of children's songs in many voices, the use
of elements of folk polyphony, and harmonic elements of many voices were
introduced into children's music.
By the 70s, the first cantatas and suites, vocal choir a cappella works, new
works for children, soloists and orchestras began to be created. In the 60s and
70s, great professionals created rare works for children. These are: S. Boboyev,
Ye. Schwarz, K. Abdullayev, S. Abramova, A. Berlin, Sh. Yormatov, etc., are the
authors of 2-, 3-voice songs. It is during these times that their creativity
flourishes. In the 70s, attention was paid to folk songs and vocal choirs and
polyphonic singing. In these years, contatas and suites for children's vocal-choir,
a cappella works, suites for children's vocal-choir a cappella works, works for
soloist and orchestra were written for the first time. For example, G. Kadirov's
"Maktabjon oftobjon-oftobjon" (1974) is one of the most favorite suites among
young students, "Our Teacher".
By introducing the young generation to wonderful folk music, they
reworked it and began to arouse interest in folklore. Uzbek folk music was
processed and plays were created. For example: "Dilbar", "Chamanda Gul" and
others. For young piano players, H. Azimov created a large volume of children's
3
Tursunov R. Xalq musiqa ijodiyoti va amaliyoti. Toshkent. “Ma’rifat-madadkor” nashriyoti. 2002 yil.
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plays for piano lessons. Then I. Akbarov created wonderful piano miniatures. His
works stand out from folk music and are especially bright and clear, tending to
create images of traditional folk genres, connected with the world of children.
For example, "Hide-and-seek game", "Happy mood" are children's songs
consisting of humorous Uzbek melodies.
4
The play "Caravan" has a song and dance character. The song (Alla) created
by the composer was also created in harmony with European miniatures. At that
time, Uzbek composers created many wonderful works for children. The
collection of plays by composers such as B. Giyenko, S. Varelas, F. Nazarov was
created for young performers.
In 1975, another children's opera was created based on Arab folk tales. The
composer draws children's attention to a complex genre. It uses popular folk
songs for children. The composer describes the characters in the reception of
music, taking into account the age characteristic of children. For example: "Puss
in Boots", "1001 Nights", "Aloudin's Magic Lamp" and others.
In the early 1970s, children's pop songs began to develop. This process is
especially manifested in composers such as N. Norkhojayev, H. Rahimov, Sh.
Yormatov. Composers begin to create vocal - choral suites and cantatas for
children. Every composer refers to folk songs to folklore. In the melodies of the
works, the rhythmic pronunciation is in harmony with the character. Vocal
choral works created for children were directed to modern musical culture and
staged.
For example: "Dangasa", "Dakang Khoroz", "Aq terakmi-kok terak" and
others from the songs adapted for choral theaters. By this time, K.Kenjayev and
Sh.Yormatov's interest in creating a cappella for children's choirs grew.
5
Nadim Norkhojayev, one of the composers who flourished in the 1970s, is
an honored culture worker in Uzbekistan, a professor of the State Conservatory
of Uzbekistan, a composer. He earned the respect of the country with his musical
works, especially pop and children's songs.
In 1963, N.Norkhojayev was transferred to the Khamza music academy. He
learns the secrets of music from the famous composer Rumil Vildanov. In 1967,
he graduated with honors with the "Suite" he composed for the symphony
orchestra. In the same year, he entered the Faculty of Composition of the
Tashkent State Conservatory. He gives more importance to the song genre in his
4
Qodirov R. Boshlang‘ich maktabda ko‘povozli kuylash. Toshkent. “O‘qituvchi” 1997 yil.
5
Fayziyev O. O‘zbekiston maktablarida musiqiy nafosat tarbiyasini tashkil etish bo‘yicha metodik qo‘llanma.
Toshkent. 1992 yil.
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work. From 1972 to 1975, he worked as a teacher and head of department at the
Bekobod Music Academy, music school. In 1975-1976, he worked as a chief
editor in the recording studio of "Melodiya" company. He is a teacher, senior
teacher, associate professor at the Tashkent State Institute of Culture named
after A. Qadiri, and at the same time he is the head of the department of
performing arts at the Tashkent State Conservatory, he has been working as a
professor since 2003.
6
N. Norkhojayev composed 3 preludes for piano, 2 variations, sonatina, 2
sonatas for piano, "Concertino" for violin and symphony orchestra, 4-part
symphonic suite, 1-part symphony and many songs. In the work of N.
Norkhojayev, song is of primary importance. In collaboration with
contemporary poets, he creates more than 100 pop songs for kindergarten and
schoolchildren. The first pop song "Hakkalar" for young children, written in
1975, became popular when performed by the vocal and instrumental ensemble
"Pakhtaoy". Including: "Good boy", "Lazy", "Oh dreams", "Ancient competition",
"Diyar madhi", "Baligim", "Salom gergan boys", "Surkhandaryo", "Our flowers in
Chaman", "Boboho' "Roz", "Dono Balam" became popular in the performance of
the "Nightingale" choir. Cantata "Hafta" for children's choir, choral suite
"Darakhtlar sukhti" and reworks Uzbek folk songs for choir. The songs "Moon in
the Sky", "Chariy Chambar", "Chuchvara gyayidi" are among them. Nadim
Norkhojayev was awarded the honorary title of Culture Worker of Uzbekistan.
He is a prize-winner of the Republic "Ofarin-2000" competition, a member of the
Union of Composers of Uzbekistan and a member of the jury at various
competitions held in our Republic.
Nadim Norkhojayev is one of the modern Uzbek composers. He wrote many
songs for children. Nadim Norkhojayev's songs about "Diyar madhi",
motherland, are different from other composers with their easy-to-understand
rhythm for children, easy performance, pleasant and memorable. We talk to the
students about the content of the songs of Uzbek composers and talk about the
Motherland, about the future, about various crafts, about nature, and, of course,
about the greatness of the students' dreams and striving for future work through
the songs of Uzbek composers. We educate children to protect the Motherland
and the honor of the Motherland.
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