SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
22
TOURISM SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Suyunov Alijon
Lecturer, SRIUTCH
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15752801
Abstract
: Tourism demand is a broad term that covers the factors
governing the level of demand, the spatial characteristics of demand, different
types of demand and the motives for making such demands.
Keywords
: Tour, Company, Demand, Supply, Market.
Introduction.
There are as many reasons for engaging in tourism, as there are tourists.
Different people participate in tourism for different purposes. Seemingly,
every purpose comes with specific tourism demand. One of the most common
demands is for accommodation. Whatever the intention, tourists should be
accommodated in one way or another. The most common reasons for travel
away from home are:
• For leisure, recreation and holidays
• To visit friends and relatives
• For business and professional engagements
• For health treatment
• To undertake religious and other pilgrimages
• Other more personal motives
The demand for tourism can be defined in various ways, depending on the
economic, psychological, geographic and political point of view of the author.
The geographic perspective defines tourism demand as the total number of
persons who travel or wish to travel, and use tourist facilities and services at
places away from their places of work or residence (Cooper et al. 1993). One of
the important issues relating to tourism as mentioned in a number of official
proclamations, demands is the individual’s right. In 1980 the Manila Declaration
on World Tourism stated that the ultimate aim of tourism was “the
improvement of the quality of life and the creation of better living conditions for
all people” (Cooper et al. 1993: 14). This sentiment is reflected in the tourism
vision as stated in the 1996 South Africa Government’s White Paper on Tourism.
Cooper et al. (1993) identified two types of demand curves. The first one is the
direct demand curve that states that a tourism product can be ascribed to the
relationship between two variables like 'price’ and ‘quantity'. This is a
relationship in the economic demand schedule. The second one is the inverse
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
23
demand curve that states that the quantity of demand for tourism drops with an
increase in the price associated with tourism, and vice versa.
Tourism supply has to do with the provision of the key elements of the
tourism industry by the host governments or destinations. Such provision
should extend to maintenance, promotion and management of the tourism
facilities and resources. Tourism resources that are necessary for tourism
supply range from natural to man-made. Infrastructure required would include
telecommunication, accommodation and transportation. Tourism reception
services include travel agencies, tourist offices, hire companies and visitor
managers. The one underlying characteristic of tourism supply that
distinguishes it from other services is the way in which the mobile population
who visit destination areas consume a tourism product, service or experience. In
contrast, the supply elements are often fixed geographically at certain places
(e.g. hotels, restaurants or visitor attractions). This means that businesses are
required to sink considerable capital costs into different forms of tourism
services and centres of production on the basis of the expectation that the
destination will appeal to visitors and assist in the promotion of their individual
product and service.
The “tourism supply chain” concept originated from economics. It has been
used to explain how different businesses enter into contractual relationships to
supply services, products and goods, and how these goods are assembled into
products at different points in the supply chain. Tourism is well suited in the
supply chain because the product, service or experience that is consumed is
assembled and comprises a wide range of suppliers.
The supply of tourism products basically involves how various components
of the tourist product are placed at the disposal of tourists. Tourism suppliers
can be classified under the following headings: Hospitality, Transport and
Attractions/Products. As far as hospitality is concerned, this is where a tourist
will look at the appropriate forms of accommodation, different types of food
service provisioning, entertainment and leisure activities. The suppliers of
hospitality products, such as accommodation, service, entertainment or gaming
must be well located in relation to other components of tourism product. The
suppliers of accommodation vary from privately owned organisations to large
hotel chain groups or consortiums. On the other hand, the food service industry,
which includes drinking places, restaurants, coffee shops and other food outlets,
is strongly linked to the accommodation sector. Ultimately, accommodation
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
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forms the core of the tourism supply chainwhere it occupies a more central
position.
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