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ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE FORMATION AND
GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY CLUSTERS
Sadriddinova Nigora Khusniddinovna
PhD, researcher of Tashkent State University
of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14963941
Abstract.
This article explores economic security in the creation and
expansion of manufacturing industry clusters. These clusters consist of
interconnected enterprises, research institutions, and infrastructure facilities,
enhancing economic competitiveness and stability. However, without effective
economic security measures, clusters may encounter risks that hinder their
growth and development.
Keywords:
economic security, resource provision, national security,
measures to ensure the economic security of industrial clusters.
Despite the fact that the theoretical foundations of clusters were laid in the
late 19th century by A. Marshall, and the term "cluster" was introduced into
circulation by M. Porter in the 80s of the last century, recently the problems of
clustering have attracted active interest, and the formation and development of
scientific and industrial clusters is an extremely urgent process, the effective
implementation of which is hampered by the emergence of various macro- and
mesoeconomic problems. We decomposed the economic problems of the
formation and development of scientific and industrial clusters based on
structuring clusters as economic systems and identifying the internal
environment of the cluster and its external environment.
As A. Skoch notes, increased differentiation is a powerful factor
counteracting the development of integration processes. The administration and
corporations located in more prosperous regions will always include in their
assessment of the effectiveness of integration projects a premium for the risk
associated with the possible parasitic mood of integration entities from more
backward regions. The significant influence of internal and external factors on
the choice of regional development concepts is clearly demonstrated by world
experience, briefly discussed below.
In this regard, it is useful to turn to the experience of Germany, where the
closest attention is paid to stimulating regional development. Moreover, when
choosing objects of state support, preference is given to those enterprises whose
activities are not limited to the region, but reach the interregional level. As
shown by A.G. Granberg, recipients of incentives must present clear evidence
that within three years after the completion of the program to support their
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activities, mainly carried out through investments in industrial production and
infrastructure, the majority of their products will be sold outside the region. A.
Yu. Zudin notes that the cluster approach to the development of the German
economy began to be applied in the second half of the 20th century, when multi-
industry associations began to form in territorial production complexes, which
was a consequence of the effective implementation of the equalization policy
aimed at supporting individual regions for the purpose of accelerated
development by redistributing federal budget funds in their favor for a certain
period of time at the expense of other regions. The objective grounds for
pursuing a leveling policy are environmental disasters, economic depression,
unfavorable conditions, etc.
In Great Britain, the problem of disproportions in the level of development
between municipalities within one county is more acute than between counties
as a whole. The regional policy instruments used here also include the provision
of investment grants and the stimulation of structural changes in problem
regions, consisting in the replacement of enterprises in stagnant sectors of the
economy subject to closure with new competitive industries. The analysis of
world experience in the formation of regional policy could be continued, since its
useful elements can be found in almost any country. But its generalization leads
to the conclusion that its main target guidelines are the reduction of differences
in the standards of living of the population of the country's regions and the
stimulation of regional development. In fact, such goals of regional policy are set
in all countries, and the main differences occur in the choice of specific
mechanisms for its implementation.
Yu. G. Lavrikova proposed a set of various mechanisms for implementing
regional policy that would facilitate the formation and development of scientific
and industrial clusters:
- providing transfers depending on the size and social conditions of the
population, tax potential;
- implementing special programs for the development of the economy of
depressed regions;
- providing investment grants for the creation of new competitive
industries and jobs;
- providing additional tax preferences to business entities in backward
regions (as, for example, in Italy, in the area of social security by declaring
annual tax holidays on social payments when creating new jobs in backward
regions);
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- creating guarantee funds to attract private investment in the development
of regional economies, etc.
An analysis of the main concepts of regional economic policy shows that
world and domestic economic science have made a significant contribution to
the formation of a systemic understanding of the goals and methods for
achieving them. However, although the recommendations contained therein can
be adapted to a greater or lesser extent to solving modern problems of regional
development, in reality this does not always happen. One of such problems,
related to increasing the efficiency of interregional economic integration based
on the cluster approach, is the focus of this study. In order to understand in
more detail the role of interregional economic integration in eliminating
structural imbalances in the development of regions and ensuring their strategic
competitiveness, modern trends in regional development in Uzbekistan and the
place of integration processes in the system of regional economic policy
measures are studied.
The main economic problems of the formation and development of
scientific and industrial clusters in the region are:
1) the depression of the region;
2) the lack of expression of territorial specialization (lack of competitive
industries and industries);
3) underdevelopment of the organizational and legal infrastructure;
4) low efficiency of enterprises located in the region (lack of anchor
enterprises);
5) low scientific potential of the territory.
In conclusion, economic security is a key element of sustainable operation and
development of industrial clusters. Effective risk management and creation of
favorable conditions for enterprises ensure stability, innovation and
competitiveness of industry in the context of global challenges
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MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
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