SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
212
STAGES OF FORMATION OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN
UZBEKISTAN
Tashov Mizrob Maxmudovich
Independent researcher of the "Silk Road" International
University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage
Author's email: tashovmizrob@gmail.ru
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15286087
Abstract:
In the article the author has classified and shown the stages of
the formation of tourism infrastructure in Uzbekistan.
Key words:
tourism, infrastructure, economy, service, tourist, currency,
income, transport, hotel, organizational and economic, "Uzbektourism" NK.
Annotasiya:
Maqolada muallif O‘zbekistonda turizm infratuzilmasining
shakllanishi bosqichlariini davrlashtirgan va ko‘rsatib bergan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
turizm, infratuzilma , iqtisodiyot, xizmat,
sayyoh, valyuta,
daromad, transport, mehmonxona, tashikiliy-iqtisodiy, “O‘zbekturizm” MK.
Аннотация:
В статье автор описывает и иллюстрирует этапы
становления туристической инфраструктуры в Узбекистане.
Ключевые слова:
туризм, инфраструктура, экономика, услуга, турист,
валюта, доход, транспорт, гостиница, организационно-экономический, НК
«Узбектуризм».
Introduction.
As a result of the Republic of Uzbekistan gaining its
independence on September 1, 1991, economic reforms began to be carried out
in the country at an accelerated pace. Similarly, the national tourism
infrastructure began to take shape in these years. The formation and
development of the national tourism infrastructure began to be led by the
National Company "Uzbektourism". At that time, in the development of tourism
in our republic, the National Company "Uzbektourism" was considered an
economic organization with the rights to conduct state administration and
foreign economic activity.
It would not be wrong to say that the formation and development of the
national tourism infrastructure began in these years. Reforms began to be
implemented gradually in order to form and develop national tourism.
Analysis and results.
The first stage of economic reforms and
infrastructure reconstruction in the national tourism system can be said to have
begun in 1992. This reform, which began in the republic, was carried out on the
basis of a new economy (market economy). During this period, organizational,
economic and management processes were formed. The “Uzbektourism” State
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
213
Enterprise was founded and the directions of tourism development were
identified.
The second stage of economic reform of the tourism industry covers 1993-
1995. During this period, a national model for the development of tourism
infrastructure was developed. This stage showed that, along with the growth of
tourist services, a number of problems needed to be solved. These problems
were related to the development of new tourist routes, improving service
provision, expanding the material and technical base of tourism, further
improving management and creating a legal framework, and it became clear that
they could not be solved only within the framework of the “Uzbektourism” State
Enterprise.
In the process of infrastructure restructuring, a number of tourist facilities
were removed from the state network and privatized. Significant changes were
made in the hotel industry (new hotels were built, the number of rooms
increased).
Thus, by the end of 1993, 123 organizations with legal and independent
balance sheets were operating in the tourism system of our republic.
From July 1, 1995, the third stage of development began to be implemented.
At the same time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs established a single tourist visa
valid throughout the country (except for facilities designated by the state).
Another bright step in the development of tourism was the approval by the
Cabinet of Ministers of the national program "Heritage", aimed at the
preservation and reproduction of historical and cultural monuments,
architectural structures, and created works of art. During this period,
regulations were developed on special open economic zones for international
tourism in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. In order to establish direct
contacts with tour operators, the Uzbek Tourism Company opened its
representative offices (representatives) in countries where Uzbekistan has air
connections. In Germany (Frankfurt), Great Britain (London), the USA (New
York), the United Arab Emirates (Sharjah), and Russia (Moscow).
In 1996-1997, the fourth stage of improving and reforming the tourism
infrastructure was carried out. At the same time, active privatization began in
the service sector. In 1996, 90% of the total number of tourist facilities in the
Uzbek Tourism Company system was de-stated. A new type of development has
entered Uzbek tourism since that time.
Since 1998, Uzbekistan has entered the fifth stage of tourism reform. This is
a stage of recovery, and a number of reforms have been implemented to ensure
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
214
the balanced development of infrastructure. As a result, this has led to an
increase in export potential, a stable flow of foreign exchange, tourists, private
capital and investment. By the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers “On
improving the organization of tourism organizations”, the State Corporation
“Uzbektourism” was reorganized and its organizational and managerial
structure, powers and functions were expanded. At the same time, the
Association of Private Tourism Organizations of Uzbekistan was founded.
Since May 1999, the sixth stage of tourism reform has begun. At the same
time, the adopted decree “On the Development of Tourism” created the basis for
firmly defining the position of national and international tourism in the country,
its economic foundations. This document created additional customs privileges
for tourism organizations. In addition, the position of tourism advisor for
diplomatic representatives of Uzbekistan abroad was introduced. In August
1999, the Oliy Majlis adopted the Law “On Tourism” and created a legal
framework for the functioning of this sector of the economy.
At this time, the tourism infrastructure in Uzbekistan was relatively well-
formed and, at its sixth stage, set itself a number of important tasks:
A.
Further development of tourism companies and improvement of
management in them;
B.
Integration into the international tourism system as a highly developed
industry;
C.
Constant improvement of the strategy and tactics of reforms in the
tourism sector of the economy;
D.
Directing the necessary funds and investments to the reserves of the
republic's tourism potential to build a tourism infrastructure that meets “World
Standards”;
E.
Increasing the capacity of tourist facilities to receive tourists, which is
one of the factors seriously limiting the flow of tourists;
F.
With the transition of the economy to market relations, new
requirements are put forward for the quality and nomenclature of services,
various forms and methods of providing tourism and excursion services;
G.
Attracting direct foreign investment for the purpose of establishing
tourist joint ventures, joint production and construction of tourist complexes,
and renovation of existing facilities;
H.
Increasingly organizing joint ventures in the republic in which
entrepreneurs from America, Turkey, Pakistan, Germany, India, Italy and other
countries will operate as equal partners;
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
215
I.
Among the preferential areas for foreign investment, the tasks of
creating
a
modern
tourism
infrastructure,
including
transport,
telecommunications, information services, and creating broad opportunities for
entrepreneurial activity were set.
It was noted that without implementing these tasks, it is practically
impossible to transition to real market relations and develop international
investment activities widely. Despite this, the tasks set were not sufficiently
fulfilled, and it became clear that there are still some problems in fully forming
the infrastructure. For example, for many years, income from tourism did not
exceed 1.5% of GDP, while in other countries this figure is 10-40% of GDP. The
main part of the tourist flow fell on the main tourist centers of our country -
Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. However, insufficient attention was
paid to the systematic development of the infrastructure of a number of
promising regions of our country.
Conditions for the development of such types of tourism as educational,
scientific, religious, pilgrimage, ecological, sports and recreation have not been
created. The need to seriously improve the quality of services provided, the use
of modern effective forms and methods of attracting tourists, and the
introduction of modern information and communication technologies into the
national tourism industry has been ignored.
The organization and development of domestic tourism, including youth
tourism, has not been properly established. The ideological and content
enrichment of tourist destination programs for students of schools, colleges and
lyceums, the preparation of comprehensively developed materials explaining
the history and significance of cultural heritage sites have not been carried out
to a sufficient extent.
Many tourist organizations and their employees have not received
sufficient training to provide the necessary information about tourist sites that
are monuments of the unique spiritual wealth and historical heritage of the
people of Uzbekistan. In this regard, the training, retraining and advanced
training programs for personnel in the tourism sector, guides, tour guides, and
employees of tourist and hotel organizations have not been significantly
improved.
It has become necessary to quickly resolve these problems and reshape the
tourism infrastructure in line with international requirements..
Conclusion.
By 2016, the State Committee for Tourism Development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan was unable to fully fulfill its mission. In order to
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
216
eliminate such accumulated problems, a new seventh stage of reforms in
tourism was introduced. Today's integration processes and the demands of
tourists required a new approach to meeting them and organizing tourism
infrastructure.
Taking this into account, on December 2, 2016, the President adopted the
Decree No. PF-4861 “On measures to ensure the accelerated development of the
tourism sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan”. According to the Decree, the State
Committee for Tourism Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan was
established on the basis of the State Committee for Tourism Development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, and the committee was designated as an authorized
state div in the field of tourism, and at the same time, it is an organization
implementing all issues and actions related to the development of tourism.
Table 1
Stages of formation and development of tourism infrastructure in the
Republic of Uzbekistan
1
Stages
Brief information about the scope of work carried out
First stage -
The organizational, economic and management processes of
tourism were formed and the development directions were
identified. The Uzbektourism State Enterprise was
established.
1992
A national model for the development of tourism
infrastructure was developed. In the process of reshaping the
infrastructure, a number of tourist facilities were removed
from the state network and privatized. Significant changes
were made in the hotel industry (new hotels were built, the
number of rooms increased).
Second stage -
1993-1995
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan
established a single tourist visa valid throughout the country
(except for facilities designated by the state). The “Heritage”
national program was developed, aimed at the preservation
and reproduction of historical and cultural monuments,
architectural structures, and works of art. Regulations on
special open economic zones for international tourism in
Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva were developed.
The Uzbektourism State Enterprise opened its representative
offices (representatives) in countries with which Uzbekistan
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
217
has air connections. In Germany (Frankfurt), Great Britain
(London), USA (New York), United Arab Emirates (Sharjah),
Russia (Moscow).
Third stage -
1995
90% of the total number of tourist facilities in the system of
the “Uzbektourism” MC was de-stated. A new type of
development has entered the tourism of our republic.
Fourth stage -
1996-1997
There was a stage of recovery, and a number of reforms were
implemented to ensure the balanced development of
infrastructure. Export potential was increased, a stable flow of
foreign exchange, tourists, private capital and investment was
ensured. The “Uzbektourism” MC was reorganized. The
Association of Private Tourist Organizations of Uzbekistan
was founded.
Fifth stage -
Additional customs privileges were created for tourist
organizations. The position of tourism advisor was introduced
among diplomatic representatives of Uzbekistan abroad. The
Law “On Tourism” was adopted
1998
Measures were developed for the rapid development of
tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The State Committee
for Tourism Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan was
established on the basis of the Uzbektourism State Committee.
Free tourist zones (FTZs) were established. The Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism", updated and revised to
regulate tourist activities, was adopted.
The Tourism Committee is mainly engaged in a number of issues, such as
developing all types of tourism in the republic, creating its material and
technical base and infrastructure, raising the level of service to tourists to world
standards, increasing foreign exchange earnings for our economy, disseminating
information about the historical and cultural monuments of the republic to the
world (conducting propaganda and agitation work), training personnel for the
tourism sector, and creating new jobs.
List of used literature:
1.
Pardayev M.K. et al. Development of the service, service and tourism
sectors: problems and their solutions, Monograph, T.: Economics-Finance,
2008.− P. 58-59.
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
218
2.
Safarov B.Sh. Improving the methodological and methodological
foundations of innovative development of the national tourist services market.
Abstract of the DSc dissertation. – Sam., 2017. – 78 p.
3.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 830-I “On Tourism”. August 20,
1999. [Electronic resource]. – Access: https://lex.uz/docs/75355
4.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. ОРГ-549 “On Tourism”. July 18,
2019. [Electronic resource]. – Access link: https://lex.uz/docs/4428907
5.
6.
Мирзаева Ш. Н. и др. Локальные Международные Глобальные Рынки:
Интеграция И Развитие //International Conference on Adaptive Learning
Technologies. – 2025. – Т. 16. – С. 87-91.
7.
Мирзаева Ш. Н., Ворисов Ш. Д. ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ:
ВЫЗОВЫ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА //International
Conference on Adaptive Learning Technologies. – 2025. – Т. 16. – С. 40-43.
8.
Мирзаева Ш. Н., Назаров Н. Б. У. СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ
СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА, ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ
НА ЭКОНОМИКУ УЗБЕКИСТАНА //International Conference on Adaptive
Learning Technologies. – 2025. – Т. 16. – С. 44-47.
9.
Мирзаева Ш. Н., Ашуров С. З. Анализ Инвестиционного Климата В
Узбекистане, Состояние И Перспективы //GlobalBiz Summit: Business and
Economic Strategies for the Future. – 2025. – Т. 1. – С. 72-75.
10.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., KHURSHEDOVICH A. A. TOURISM
CLUSTERS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY //International Conference on Adaptive
Learning Technologies. – 2024. – Т. 5. – С. 133-141.
11.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., KUVONCH R. EXPANSION OF THE
SERVICE SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN UZBEKISTAN
//Gospodarka i Innowacje. – 2024. – Т. 48. – С. 90-98.
12.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., ALIASKAR M. IMPORTANT
ASPECTS OF THE THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF MEASURING SOCIAL
CAPITAL //Miasto Przyszłości. – 2024. – Т. 49. – С. 167-174.
13.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., MUROD S. DIGITALIZATION OF
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SERVICE
SECTOR //Gospodarka i Innowacje. – 2024. – Т. 48. – С. 80-89.
14.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S., FIRUZA A. ECOTOURISM AS A
TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION
//International Conference on Adaptive Learning Technologies. – 2024. – Т. 5. –
С. 123-132.
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
219
15.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S. SUBHONZODA SH THE
EXPERIENCE OF OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE LEGAL REGULATION OF
ECOTOURISM //BOSHQARUV VA ETIKA QOIDALARI ONLAYN ILMIY JURNALI. –
2024. – Т. 4. – №. 5. – С. 122-131.
16.
SAIDAKHMEDOVICH S. T., NODIROVNA M. S., TOLIBOVNA T. D. P. O. F. S. B.
AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN //Excellencia: International
Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521). – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 6. – С.
268-277.
17.
ILKHAMOVNA S. Z., NODIROVNA M. S. OGLI TSI PROGRESSIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RETAIL SERVICES MARKET IN UZBEKISTAN //Web of
Semantics: Journal of Interdisciplinary Science. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 5. – С. 593-
600
