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“ASSESSMENT” METHOD IN TEACHING IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS AND THE TOPIC OF
OXIDES
Qudratov Javohir Jahongir o‘g‘li
Chirchik State Pedagogical University
Faculty of Physics and Chemistry
3rd year student of Chemistry Education
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0623-2433
qudratovjahongirovichjavohir@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15356476
Abstract
: our article below presents efforts to make chemistry interesting
and achieve sustainable development. In order to further increase students'
interest in chemistry, to study the topic in depth and to apply it to life,
sustainable development education is included. The "Assessment" method was
used to assess how well this topic was studied.
Key words:
sustainable development, chemistry, assessment, oxides,
naming, extraction, acidic oxides, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, neutral oxides
Introduction
Large-scale reforms are being implemented in the education system of our
country to introduce advanced foreign educational technologies and information
and communication tools into the educational process, increase the intensity
and efficiency of training, and adapt it to world standards. The Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. RF-60 dated January 28, 2022 “On
the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026” establishes
significant work to radically improve the quality of education and raise the
knowledge and skills of teaching staff to international standards in order to
build a Renaissance Renaissance in New Uzbekistan and its surroundings. is
being implemented, as well as the prospects for national development are being
explored. Today, the role of innovation and information and communication
technologies in achieving sustainable development is becoming increasingly
important. The article below focuses on sustainable development and a deeper
study of chemistry.
Literature Review And Methods
Inorganic substances are divided into simple and complex substances
according to their composition. Compounds, in turn, are divided into oxides,
bases, acids and salts.
Oxides are a class of inorganic compounds widely distributed in nature.
Oxides include such well-known compounds as water H
2
O, sand SiO
2
, clay CaO,
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Al
2
O
3
, carbon dioxide CO
2
, and magnetite Fe
3
O
4
. Oxides are in liquid, solid and
gaseous states.
Oxides are widely used in the food industry, medicine, construction and
chemical industries. The general formula of oxides: E
x
O
y
. E - atoms of a chemical
element; O - oxygen atoms; x, y - indices indicating the number of atoms of
elements forming the oxide.
According to their chemical properties, oxides are divided into salt-forming
and non-salt-forming. Non-salt-forming oxides do not interact with acids or
alkalis. There are few non-salt-forming oxides:
N
2
O, NO, CO, SiO.
Salt-forming oxides are oxides that react with acids or bases to form salts
and water. Salt-forming oxides include basic, acidic, and amphoteric oxides. The
only element that does not form oxides is fluorine, which combines with oxygen
to form oxygen fluoride OF
2
. This is because fluorine is a more reactive element
than oxygen.
Oxides are divided into several groups depending on their reaction with
water, bases and acids:
Basic oxides: Na
2
O, BaO, CuO, etc.
Acidic oxides: CO
2
, SO
3
, P
2
O
5
, etc.
Amphoteric oxides: ZnO, Al
2
O
3
, Sb
2
O
3
, etc.
Non-salt-forming: CO, NO, N
2
O, etc.
Additionally, the concepts of sustainable development education to the
explanation of the topic of oxides will not only become a modern method of
education, but will also increase the interest and relevance of science for the
student. CaO is found in limestone and marble. This oxide is a major component
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of the construction industry. Calcium oxide is the main raw material in cement
production, which forms calcium silicates and other compounds during the
cement production process. It is also useful in pest control, as it changes the pH
and decomposes some organic substances.
CO
2
is a carbon dioxide gas, which is the main component of the gases
emitted by cars today, gases emitted by oil burned to produce electricity, gases
produced by forest fires, natural gas burned for our daily needs, and gases
emitted by wood. Carbon dioxide, which is released in large quantities, reacts
with rain and snow water and turns into carbonic acid.
H
2
O+CO
2
=H
2
CO
3
The carbonic acid formed reacts with the CaCO
3
and MgCO
3
compounds in
rocks and soil to form bicarbonate salts. In this process, the insoluble salts are
converted into carbonate salts and the water-soluble salts are converted into
water-soluble bicarbonate salts.
CaCO
3
+ H
2
CO
3
= Ca(HCO
3
)
2
MgCO
3
+H
2
CO
3
=Mg(HCO
3
)
2
This process is also observed in groundwater. That is, as a result of the
decomposition of many organic compounds in the ground, carbon dioxide is
formed between the subsurface layers, and bicarbonates above, as a result,
combine with water to form carbonic acid. In this case, groundwater also reacts
with CaCO
3
and MgCO
3
compounds in the subsurface layers with H
2
CO
3
dissolved in water to form soluble Ca(HCO
3
)
2
and Mg(HCO
3
)
2
. This gives
temporary hardness. When teaching these processes to students, we can give an
example of the negative consequences of releasing large amounts of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere.
SiO
2
silicon (IV) oxide, sand. Used in construction for plastering walls.
CaO+H
2
O+SiO
2
=CaSiO
3
calcium silicate acts as a glue, so our plastered wall
becomes as hard as concrete. It is also one of the main components in the
production of cement and concrete. It helps increase the strength of concrete
and improve its quality. Silicon (IV) oxide plays an important role in the
production of glass. It is the main component of the glass material, providing its
hardness and transparency. Silicon dioxide is used in some cosmetics, including
powders and toothpastes. It is also used in pharmaceuticals, to help formulate or
preserve some drugs. Silicon dioxide is used as an adsorbent, for example, in
water and air purification or in the separation of chemicals.
N
2
O laughing gas. Nitrous oxide is widely used as a pain reliever and
anesthetic. It is used in medical procedures and dental treatment to temporarily
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render patients unconscious. This gas acts quickly and provides short-term
anesthesia. It is also used in beekeeping to calm bees. When bees start fighting
with this gas, they calm down for a few minutes, and then get to know each other
again, as if they had lost their memory.
This gas was used in medicine during the COVID-19 epidemic. It was used
to improve the effect of oxygen when used together with concentrated oxygen.
Nitrous oxide is used in the engines of some sports cars. It increases the high
power of the engine and thus allows the car to temporarily increase its speed.
This is called the "NOS" (Nitrous Oxide System) and is used to provide high
speed.
NO plays an important biochemical role in the div, helping to dilate blood
vessels, helping to improve blood flow, because it dilates blood vessels and
increases blood permeability. Therefore, NO is useful in high blood pressure or
cardiovascular diseases, its vasodilating properties improve the circulatory
system. This information is not only interesting for students, but also part of
today's modern method, sustainable development education.
RESULTS
Teaching the topic of oxides is of great importance in sustainable
development, as oxides are one of the important components of the chemical
industry and are widely used in many industrial processes, ecology, energy and
other fields. There are several important aspects of learning about oxides in
achieving sustainable development:
Energy efficiency and renewables: Oxides play an important role in the
collection and storage of solar energy. For example, oxides (SiO
2
) are used for
solar cells. They help in the efficient generation of energy, thereby contributing
to the progress towards sustainable electricity sources.
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Environmental protection: Oxides can be used to reduce atmospheric
pollution. For example, oxides play an important role in creating catalysts to
eliminate polluting gases such as carbon monoxide (CO
2
) and nitrogen oxides
(NO
x
). This is necessary to preserve the environment and prevent climate
change.
Protective materials and technologies: Oxides can be used as building
materials, for example, as protective coatings against corrosion. For sustainable
development, it is important that building and infrastructure materials are
durable and environmentally friendly.
Industrial and production efficiency: Oxides, such as metal oxides, play an
important role in optimizing production processes. Oxides play a key role in
creating new materials and technologies, which helps to save resources and
reduce energy consumption.
Thus, teaching the topic of oxides is necessary not only for studying
chemistry, but also for mastering the principles of sustainable development.
This topic will introduce young people to modern science and technology,
helping them build a sustainable society in the future.
DISCUSSION
It would be appropriate to use the “Assessment” method in teaching the
topic of sustainable development and oxides in harmony.
Assessment is an English word that means “assessment”, “evaluation”. The
history of this method dates back to the 30s-40s of the last century. The English
and German military developed this method to select literate and enterprising
officers, qualified soldiers who could manage military situations and take
adequate action. Later, this method was applied to the world of business.
Manufacturing and trading companies began to use this method to identify
qualified top managers. Today, it also has its importance in the field of
education. Now we are applying this method to the topic of oxides and
sustainable development.
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Test
How many types of oxides are
there based on their reactions with
water, bases, and acids?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
A.
D. There is no such type at
all
Problematic situation
Cars were invented to make
human life easier, but the acidic
oxides they emit cause several
environmental problems. Students,
think about what these problems are
and try to write down their chemical
reactions.
Symptoms
Explain the following words and
write their chemical reactions
1. Acid rain
2. Temporary water hardness
1.
3. Global warming
Practical skills
1. Obtaining oxides from simple
substances
1.
2. Show and explain the
processes of obtaining oxides from
complex substances
CONCLUSION
In teaching the topic of sustainable development and oxides in harmony,
the "Assessment" method is an important tool for determining the knowledge
and skills acquired by students, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of the
teacher in the teaching process.
This method allows you to monitor the changes that occur in the learning
process of students, to determine their success in learning. The topics of
sustainable development and oxides are often related to scientific, technical and
environmental aspects, and the "Assessment" method in assessing these topics
shows not only knowledge, but also how students understand, consolidate and
apply the topic in practice.
Using the assessment method in teaching education on sustainable
development allows you to form environmental awareness in students and teach
them to make responsible decisions for sustainable development in society. In
the case of oxides, assessment helps to understand and apply chemical
processes in practice.
The "Assessment" method is an important tool in the teaching process and
is an effective way to determine, consolidate and develop the level of mastery of
students. This method allows the teacher to determine in which areas students
need help, and also helps to deepen their understanding of complex topics such
as sustainable development and oxides.
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