All articles - Environmental Sciences and Ecology

Subjects of research: the flora of the Surkhan State Nature Reserve.
Purpose of work: inventory of Surkhan State Nature Reserve’s flora, taxonomic, biomorphological, geographical analysis, detection of endemic, rare and useful species.
Methods of research: in the thesis routing, taxonomical, systematical, acrographic, biomorphological and geographical-morphological methods arc used. Moreover, the program on flora reserve’s study and other big preserved territories arc applied (Yurzev, 1987).
1'hc results obtained and their novelty: inventory work of high plants flora of the Surkhan State Nature Reserve is carried for the first time. The 743 species of high vascular plants arc revealed that belongs to 372 genus and 77 families. Studied flora included 22 endemic species of Kugitang crest and 37 rare species of the Red List. Map-scheme of rare and endemic species distribution have been made.
Practical value: specification of floristic components of the protected area can serve as fundamental basis for carrying research of different origin and will help correctly organize nature protection events of the reservoir territory. Collected herbarium fulfilled scientific division of Surkhan State Nature Reserve and Central herbarium of SCPP “Botanika” Academy of Sciences (TASH).
Degree of embed and economic cffectivity: main results of present research are protocol of reserve’s flora, list of rare, endemic, red list species and map-scheme of their propagation had been passed to scientific division of Surkhan State Nature Reserve (Certificate №7 from March, 04, 2009).
Field of application: floristic, systematic, geography of plants, nature protection.

Subjects of research: Stevia rebaudiana Bcrtoni is a perennial tropical short-day plant belonged to Asteraceae family on introduction of Surkhandarya region.
Purpose of work: study of bioecological features of Stevia rebaudiana Bcrtoni in Surkhandarya region conditions.
Methods of the research: laboratory tests and field studies, phonological, morphological, biometric and statistical methods, introduction assessment.
The results obtained and their novelty: bioecological features of the tropical plant Stevia rebaudiana were studied for the first time during ontogenesis phases in the climatic conditions of Surkhandarya region. Data on flowering, harvesting and seed regeneration were obtained. Resistance to low winter temperatures, ability to propagate by seeds and natural regeneration for perennial plants, ability to provide large quantities of phytomass with high concentration of stevioside in the leaves were revealed.
Practical value: information on possibility of seed propagation for Stevia rebaudiana and extraction of stevioside from the leaves was obtained. Recommendations on planting terms, mowing of the green mass, seeds gathering and cultivation activities for the conditions of Surkhandarya region were developed. The obtained results can be used at higher educational institutions.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: developed recommendations are being used by experimental farm «Ollohiyor-oxun» in Shurchi district of Surkhandarya region (certificate № 1, dated by 25.01.2011) and in curriculum at the Botany Department of Termez State University (certificate № 1, dated by 15.03.2011).
Field of application: introduction, medical plant industry, pharmaceutics, food production.

Study Objects: soils polluted as a result of oil spill.
Purpose of the Work : study and development of a new technology for rehabilitation of oily soils (earth) with different initial concentration of oil in them in the Kash-kadarya region environment.
Research Methods: physical-chemical analysis, column chromatography, mathematical and statistical analysis.
Results Obtained and their Novelty': a classification of oil pollution levels of the soils for the Republic of Uzbekistan was given for the first time; dependence of hydrocarbon degradation rate on application of soil rehabilitation methods and influence of environmental factors was identified; new technologies for rehabilitation of oily soils (earth) with different initial HC concentration of oil were developed; predictive mathematical models of processes for polluted soil rehabilitation and their completion were made.
Practical Importance: a classification of oil pollution levels of soils, which may by used both for assessment of oil spills and in selection of soil rehabilitation technologies was proposed. An algorithm for work execution to restore the soils with different pollution level as well as technological scheme for rehabilitation of the soils with different pollution levels was proposed. Theoretical and practical results of the study may be used for training course “Technologies for Environmental Protection in specialty of “Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Conservation”.
Introduction Rate and Economic Efficiency: the results of the study were used to rehabilitate the soils after an accidental spill of oil in the territory of the Yuzhny Ky-zylbayrak oil field. Adoption Act of this scientific work was issued on 05.08.08. The developed “Regulation for Rehabilitation of Oily Soils (Earth) at the Yugo-Zapadny Gissar Contract site” was approved and recommended for application by the State Ecological Expertise of the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan No 18/1623 dated 30.03.09.
Filed of application: oil-gas enterprises and environmental protection.

Subjects of research: diesel fuel Shymkent oil refinery (LLP PetroKazahstanOylProdakts), vegetable oils: castor, cottonseed, rapeseed and their esters, the names of castor (castor oil), fatty acids and biodiesel, derived from them.
Purpose of work: To develop technology for environmentally friendly biodiesel fuels with improved physical-chemical and performance characteristics based on vegetable oils and their methyl esters.
Methods of research: a range of classic and modern research techniques and methods of state standards, as well as a number of field work on cultivation of castor oil (castor oil) and receiving castor oil.
The results obtained and their novelty: the first time, worked out the basic parameters of the processes of biodiesel fuels based on the local diesel fuel with the addition of cotton, castor and rapeseed oils and their methyl esters in laboratory and experimental-industrial conditions.
Practical value: key parametres of processes of reception biodiesel топлив on the basis of local diesel fuel with the additive cotton, castor, rape butters and their methyl aethers in laboratory and trial conditions of oil refining factory with a positive effect are fulfilled.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: biodiesel were tested with a positive effect on Shymkenstkom refinery.
Calculation of expected annual ekonomicheskogoeffekta from using the results of this work is only 5% of diesel fuel.
Field of application: petroleum-refining industry.

Тадқиқот объекти. Булутлар ва ёғингарчилик.
Ишнинг мақсади. Гидрометеорологик жараёнларга таъсири бўйича узоқ муддатли тажрибалар натижаларини ўрганиш ва улар асосида аерозол концентрациясининг ошиши шароитида булут ва чўкма жараёнларини бошқаришнинг мавжуд, янада самарали ва илмий асосланган усулларини такомиллаштириш.
Тадқиқот усуллари: статистик маълумотларни қайта ишлаш, корреляция, регрессия ва қиёсий таҳлиллар, тарихий ва географик ўхшашлик усуллари, ҳодисанинг таъсирга реакциясини ўрганиш.
Олинган натижалар ва уларнинг янгилиги. Диссертацияда дўл ҳодисаларининг Ўзбекистон ҳудуди бўйлаб фазовий тарқалиши биринчи marta харита тузиш билан ўрганилди, "дўл" атамасига янги таъриф берилди, Ўзбекистондаги гидрометеорологик жараёнларга таъсири бўйича узоқ муддатли (1969-2005) тажрибалар натижалари ўрганилди уларнинг услубий камчиликларини аниқлаш билан булутларга таъсир қилишнинг физик-иқтисодий самарадорлигини баҳолаш усулларининг янги вариантлари ишлаб чиқилди, булутларга таъсир қилишнинг янги механизми аниқланди, бу Агл екиш пайтида булут зарраларининг коагуляцион ўсишини оширишдан иборат, Аерозол концентрациясининг ошиши шароитида дўл жараёнларига таъсир қилишнинг ҳозирги усули такомиллаштирилди ва янги усул ишлаб чиқилди, дўлдан ҳимоя қилишнинг ёғингарчиликка таъсири ўрганилди ва ёғингарчиликни сунъий равишда кўпайтиришда конвектив булутларнинг истиқболлари тасдиқланди. Юқори аерозол концентрациясида чўкма шароитларини ўрганиш чўлланишнинг янги сабабларини аниқлашга ва уни юмшатиш чораларини тавсия қилишга имкон берди. Суғориладиган деҳқончилик шароитида дарёларнинг баланд тоғли зонасида ёғингарчиликни сунъий равишда кўпайтириш мақсадга мувофиқ еканлиги аниқланди.
Амалий аҳамияти. Ўзбекистонда дўл тарқатиш схемаси екинларни жойлаштиришни режалаштиришда, уларнинг дўл бўронларига чидамлилигини ҳисобга олган ҳолда ҳисобга олиниши керак. Таъсир қилишнинг амалдаги методологиясини такомиллаштириш дўл експорт қилинадиган дўлга қарши маҳсулотларни тежаш имконини беради. Дўл бўронларини камайтиришнинг ишлаб чиқилган янги усули дўлдан ҳимоя қилиш самарадорлигини оширишга имкон беради. Республиканинг барқарор ижтимоий-иқтисодий ривожланишига ёрдам берадиган сув таъминоти муаммоларини ҳал қилишда чўлланишни камайтириш, қўшимча ёғингарчилик олиш учун конвектив булутлар екилишини кучайтириш, баланд тоғли зонада ёғингарчиликни кўпайтириш бўйича ишларни ташкил етиш бўйича тавсиялар муҳим аҳамиятга ега.
Амалга ошириш даражаси ва иқтисодий самарадорлик. Тадқиқот натижаларига кўра екинларни дўл бўронларидан ҳимоя қилиш бўйича 1 та монография, 1 та қўлланма, 2 та услубий қўлланма ёзилган. Монография булутлар физикаси ва фаол таъсирлар бўйича ўқув жараёнида, шунингдек ВГМП университети учун кадрлар тайёрлашда қўлланилади (6 та амалга ошириш актлари мавжуд).
Қўллаш соҳаси: Гидрометеорология, булут физикаси, гидрометеорологик жараёнларга фаол таъсири, илмий тадқиқотлар, қишлоқ ва сув хўжалиги.

Subjects of research: domestic wastewater, biological wastewater treatment system.
Purpose of work: to reveal hydrodynamic features of the biological treatment system, upgrading the designs and increasing an efficiency of the work of the secondary clarifier treatment systems.
Methods of research: Methods of the study received in hydraulics and hydrobiology.
The results obtained and their novelty: Developed and approved mathematical model of the hydrodynamic mode of biological treatment of domestic wastewater from treatment plant.
Practical value: Obtained mathematical dependencies allow in determining of hydraulic parameters of biological treatment, developed design promotes for increasing an efficiency of the work of secondary clarifier.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Results of the work have been presented of the Groups in realization projects of ADB, executing a project reconstruction of treatment plant in Karshi city
Field of application: Water communal economy branches, waste water cleaning objects and environment safety organizations.

Object of research. Mountain forests of South-West Tian-Shan.
Purpose of work. Development of theoretical positions, practical recommendations on protection, preservation, rational use of forest resources and steady development of forests of South - West Tian-Shan taking into account their ecological adaptablcness, and estimation of up-to-date condition.
Method of research: field, reconnoitered. Routing ecological inspections of mountain forests arc put in the bases of field - reconnoitered researches, also mapping, comparative, analyzing and other methods.
Received results and their novelty include detailed and all-round analysis of forest florae of South -West Tian-Shan. It was investigated features of formation and distribution, established the laws of high- altitude distribution and sectors both forest flora as a whole, and forest types. Also it was investigated degrees of depression of large forests and their reasons.
Practical importance of w ork. Results of researches arc directed on protection and multiplication of forest riches of republic, rational use of forest resources, and focused on expansion of knowledge of scientists, students and pupils.
Degree of introduction and economic efficiency. The given dissertations arc applied in the organization of forest husbandry works. It makes interest for experts in the field of forestry, forest husbandry, ecology, bio-geography, botany, also serve as a valuable material for creation of the state programs in the field of protection and rational use of objects of flora.

Subjects of research: natural dammed lakes in Uzbekistan and neighboring mountainous areas, the system of Kurbankul dammed lakes.
Purpose of work: complex hydrometeorological estimation of conditions of mountainous dammed lakes in Uzbekistan and surrounding areas, developing of scientifically well-founded proposals for reducing of their outburst risks.
Methods of research: hydrometeorological analysis, hydrological and hydrogeological calculations, topographic and cartographic methods, geographical similarity and comparisons, mathematic statistics.
The results obtained and their novelty: mountainous dammed lakes were investigated on the basis of hydrometeorological approach, the regularity of their geographical distribution was founded; morphometric indicators of the dammed lake were defined, parameters of landslide dam of the Kurbankul lake were researched; the bottom sediment of the lake was calculated and it’s dynamics was researched; safety extreme water level was defined; factors controlling stability of main dam of the Kurbankul lakes system were characterized, which define the stability of main dam of lake system Kurbankul, the stability of the dam was defined; scientifically well-founded recommendations were worked out and the offers for reducing risk of the main dam failure.
Practical value: the results of dissertation, scientific-methodical recommendations and offers may be used in academic process, on working out the measures on prevention of catastrophic floods, which are possible after dammed lakes outburst, the recommendations can be used by Government committee of hydrometeorology, by organizations of civil protection and for organization of monitoring of dangerous lakes.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: the results of dissertation arc included into academic process of Fergana State University and National University of Uzbekistan named by after Mirzo Ulugbek. The results of the research arc used by Fergana regional office of the Ministry to extraordinary situations of Republic of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: hydrological calculations and forecasts, protection of economic structures and inhabited places.

Subjects of research: birds of terrestrial and aquatic cenoses in the towns of Kyzylkum region.
Purpose of work: revealing the modem state and regularities of the formation of avian fauna in towns situated in the Kyzylkum desert.
Methods of research: zoological and ecological methods of inquiry were applied in the work.
The results achieved and their novelty: an up-to-date list of avian fauna (137 avian species of 17 orders) inhabiting key towns of the Kyzylkum region was compiled. Ecological factors providing regularities of the formation of avian fauna were for the first time identified for towns; the pattern of stay and distribution of birds in key stations of towns was established. The dynamics of the species composition and numbers of birds were revealed. Ecological peculiarities and mechanisms of adaptation of birds to urban conditions during nesting, wintering and formation of the avian fauna in towns of the arid zone, as well as interrelations of birds in urbanized territories and natural landscapes, were studied.
Practical value: the materials of the work will be used in ornithological studies, in the sphere of optimization of biotcchnical events on conservation of avian diversity in urban conditions, educational courses of special biology and ecology, ornithological excursions and field practical work.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the study arc used in the educational courses of zoology, ecology, ornithology, zoogeography, ornithological excursions and establishment of ornithological study groups at Bukhara State University. Practical recommendations were developed for townbuilding agencies, sanitary-epidemic services, municipal services, protection and management of avian numbers: "the role of birds in urban ecosystems and recommendations for prevention of biological damages associated with them" (2012).
Field of application: education, ecology, environmental protection, agriculture, town building, sanitary-epidemic service and municipal services.

Subject of the inquiry: Irrigated meadow alluvial soil with sandy, clayey and light, average and heavy loamy texture, soil fauna 1, a cotton plant, trees, groundl water.
Aim of the inquiry: Analysis and modeling with application of new methods, properties and biological activity of Khorazm soil, efficiency of irrigation waters, the development of agro-ccological bases of steady use of soil, ground and water resources by means of increasing the fertility of the soil on the basis of selection of tree breeds adapted to the condition of degraded areas.
Method of inquiry: Field and laboratory works were carried out with the use of methodical manuals of the scientific -research institute of cotton of Uzbekistan (1973) geostatistieal analyses were carried out on programs Arcmap 8-3, SPSS VI 1.0, Kiging Isaaks and Srivastaval (1989), weighted (IDW), spline and triangulated, statistical programs ArcGIS, geostatistieal methods Warrick and others (1986), Blcqu and Hortgc (1986), Klute (1986), gravimctrically Level and Whalley (2001), Chemishov and Shirokova (1999), tensiometers Eijkclkamp (2002) Abrol and others (1988), model HYDRUS -ID 2.02 Simunek and others (1998), Vitro Menke (1986), Batt and Todaria method (1992), GIS programs.
The results achieved and their novelty: new data on properties of the soil in Khorazm region, about kinds and distribution of soil fauna in different agrofones about their influence on fertility of the soil are received -scientifically -methodical aspects of agro -ecological bases of steady use of ground and water resources;
-By means of modelling, distribution of salt in soil layers on geographical breadths and propensity of the soil to types of salinity arc identified. Also, the analysis of forecasts is carried out;
-dynamics of changes of a level and mineralization of subsoil water, is analyzed, optimum for the depth of subsoil water for plants in accordance with their mineralization is identified;
-“hot” points of soil inclined to salination depending on the level and mineralization of subsoil water arc identified and maps arc created on the bases of GIS programs;
-the irrigation of cotton and modeling the dynamics of salt and water under the conditions of light level of subsoil water is scientifically proved;
-The potential, stability to salination, efficiency of transpiration and biodrainagc properties of trees planted on degraded soil arc studied;
-effective kinds of trees raising fertility of soil and serving as a forage for cattle arc found;
Practical value: On the basis of researches the following elaborations arc carried out;
-scientifically -methodical aspects of agro -ecological basis for steady use of ground and water resources arc worked out;
-By the help of modeling distribution of salt in soil layers on geographical breadths and propensity of soil to kinds of salination, also by carrying out analyses of forecasts opportunities for preventing salination and degradation of soil arc worked out.
-Optimum quantities of water and salt in the root zone of plants necessary for normal growth and development of plants arc found, dynamics of changes of level and mineralization of subsoil water is analyzed, optimum for the depth of subsoil water for plants depending on their mineralization is identified;
-Sites of soil with high propensity to salination connected with mineralization and the level of subsoil water is found, maps were created on the basis of GIS programs;
Scientific basis arc developed: on creation of woods in degraded, salinated soil with high level of subsoil water, on ecological their biodrainagc role in improvement of irrigational -ecological condition of this soil.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity:
Results of researches arc used at drawing up “Тсрмитларга карши профилактика ва кураш тадбирий чоралари” (Национальный университет Узбекистана, 2001. 15.5 п.л.) text book “Экология асослари” (Тошкент «Зар калам» 2004. 15.5 п.л), «Тсрмитларга карши уйгунлаштирилган кураш тизимига оид тавсиялар» (Тошкент 2007. 1.7 б.т)
Practical recommendations on dissertation work arc introduced in various regions of the republic on a total area of 120 thousand hectares. Economic efficiency of elaborations make up 316312 soums per hectare and from 600 thousand to 40-45 million soums per hectare in the woods.
Sphere of usage: For the farms located in irrigated meadow alluvial soil with sandy, clayey, average and heavy loamy mechanical structure, growing cotton, wheat and other agricultural structure, growing up cotton, wheat and other agricultural crops.

Subjects of research: Crambe orientalis L. - mczoserophyte type perennial polycarpic grassy plant of family Brassicaceae.
Purpose of work: investigation of the biological features of eastern spurdog and estimation of the possibilities their cultivation in the condition of South Near Aral sea region.
Methods of research: traditional methods of ontogenesis, morphogenesis, flowering specifics, seed efficiency and introduction successfulness evaluation study were used in the dissertation.
The results obtained and their novelty: firstly, the characteristics of eastern spurdog growing in Karakalpakstan conditions were determined. I was marked, that it has relatively high (38-40%) index of ground germination at autumn seeding. It was established, that in the plant culture full cycle of ontogenesis development is being passed and begins generative period at 2-nd and 3-rd year of vegetation. Features of phenology, anthccology, fructification, seed efficiency and chemical composition at South Near Aral sea region conditions were determined.
Practical value: the obtained results have importance at creation of artificial eastern spurdog agrophytoccnoses at arid conditions of Karakalpakstan. Eastern spurdog may be successfully used as feed, medicinal, melliferous and decorative plant.
The obtained results may be also applied at lecture on botanical disciplines for students of high educational institutions and during writing of textbooks and monography.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results arc used at lectures on “Botany”, “Geobotany”, “Ecology and protection of nature”, “Ecology of plants” at the Nukus State pedagogical institute (act №1, 25.01.2010), at Nukus municipal administration of rehabilitation and verdurization (act from 14.02.2010), at Association of Republic of Karakalpakstan farmers (act №1, 25.02.2010), at Mahpakul farmer association of Tahtakupir region (act №4, 5.03.2010).
Field of application: introduction, ecology, biology.

Subjects of research: Fauna and population of birds in major habitats of the rural landscape of Karakalpakstan and their economic importance.
Purpose of work: An integrated study of the avifauna in the rural landscape of Karakalpakstan, revealing of the structure of population, study of ecological adaptation of birds to conditions of anthropogenic habitats, assessment of their economic importance.
Methods of research: Zoological methods were used in the work.
The results obtained and their novelty: A complete list of birds inhabiting the rural landscape Karakalpakstan is for the first time made; the structure, seasonal dynamics, numbers and distribution of birds over main habitats of the rural landscape are described. The ecology of fourteen commercially most important and typical avian species is studied and their economic importance for agricultural crops is assessed.
Practical value: The materials of the thesis can be used in practical activities, for lectures and practical studies at biological and ecological courses delivered at higher educational institutions, lyceums, the propagation of nature conservation and raising ecological awareness of local residents. The author of the thesis provides an expert estimate of current numbers of birds. A number of recommendations on protection, attraction and sustainable use of birds have been developed.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: A system of biotechnical and social measures on the increase of numbers and species diversity of birds inhabiting agricultural landscapes, which contributes to an increase of their useful role in the elimination of noxious animals and weeds is suggested.
Field of application: Nature protection, agriculture, scientific studies, higher and secondary specialized education.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. As a result of increase in the processing industry in the world, environmental degradation and the effects of unreasonable use of natural resources, namely the growth needs of the industrial sectors in water resources, to humanity on the agenda raise the new tasks as universal problems. The objective of environmental protection is one of the large-scale, the most acute social problems of modern life and of its solution, the corresponding interests of all peoples, which fully determine the future of civilization.
In accord with the principle of sustainable development of the Republic of Uzbekistan an important primary task is the implementation of a harmonious correspondence sequentia macroeconomic planning with nature conservation policy, in close integration with the social and other sectors of policy. Environmental policy of the republic focused advisable goal to combination the transition from individual protected natural elements in general protected ecological systems along with the development of mechanisms based on the principle of guaranteeing the priority indicators of the human environment.
The main object of improving manufacturing processes and nature conservation acticity, is the modernization and reconstruction of industrial enterprises, reducing environmental impact, improving the efficiency of complex and rational use of natural resources through the implementation of environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies, including energy recovery sources.
Using a large amount of water in the ore and metallurgical and chemical industries requires the implementation of a package of measures to reduce environmental pollution and introduction into production, from an environmental point of view, low-waste technologies. In the metallurgical, chemical and other industries for the treatment of industrial waste water, as well as the extraction of ions from certain metals, sorption ability, ion exchange sorbents and reagents have been widely used.
Due to the increasing needs of the republic in various assortments of ion exchange sorbents, their introduction is appropriate production based on local raw materials. The problem of the treatment of industrial waste water, as well as demineralization, can solve not only environmental issues, namely, to solve the effective implementation of material resources and raw materials of our country, through the production of import-substituting sorbents and reagents.
The presented dissertation is focused on ensuring the implementation of decisions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1442 dated December 15, 2010 «On the priorities of industrial development of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015» and PP-142 dated May 27, 2013 «On the program of action for environmental protection in Uzbekistan 2013-2017», as well as on the permission of the tasks set out in other normative and legal documents, corresponding to the activity.
The research objective is exposure of the possibility of using ion exchange sorbents in the processes of demineralization, wastewater treatment from metal ions in the chemical and metallurgical industries, the development of methods for the obtaining reagents from waste production and effective ion exchange sorbents based on furfural.
The scientific novelty of the thesis research lies in the following:
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
There have been obtained the anion exchanger - sorbents, forming with nonferrous metal ions weakly alkaline multifunctional, thermo-chemically stable complex by polycondensation of furfural benzoguanidin with diphenylguanidine;
It has been obtained that monofunctional carboxyl cation exchanger - sorbent with properties of selective sorption for ions of non-ferrous metals and uranium from industrial solutions by condensation of furfural with acrylic acid;
It has been determined that the dependence of the reaction rate constants, activation energies of the temperature, concentrations of initial materials, catalyst amount, and other factors based on kinetic studies of the process;
It has been found that the correlation dependences of the basic chemical, physical and chemical (sorption of ions of calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel, molybdenum and others., sorption capacity, monofunctionality, the degree of dissociation of the functional groups, and others.) on the chemical composition, physico-chemical and adsorption properties of the initial raw materials;
It has been developed that the technology of using local production of furfural and waste from Kungrat Soda Plant for ion exchange polymer sorbents with different functionality and calcium hydrosilicate with predetermined properties for cleaning and softening processes of industrial wastewater and extraction of nonferrous metal ions.
CONCLUSION
1. It has been recommended that approach for the preparation of weakly alkaline of polyfunctional anion sorbents with complex forming properties based on furfural benzoguanin and diphenylguanidine.
2. There has been the way for producing monofunktsional carboxylic cation exchanger - sorbents having selective sorption capacity to the non-ferrous metal ions and uranyl by polycondensation of furfural with acrylic acid.
3. Based on kinetic studies polycondensation reaction of PEPA, furfural and other monomers it has determined that rate constants, reaction activation energy. It has been shown that dependence of sorbents production technology on the reaction temperature, initial materials concentration, amount of catalyst and other factors.
4. It has been found that correlation dependences of the basic chemical, physical and chemical (sorption of ions of calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel, molybdenum and others., sorption capacity, monofunctionality, the degree of dissociation of the functional groups, and others.) on the chemical composition, physico-chemical and adsorption properties of the initial materials suitable for import substitution sorbents.
5. For the first time there has been used the technology of using waste Kungirat soda zavodi to produce calcium hydrosilicate different functionality with predetermined properties to process industrial wastewater treatment.
6. For the first time there has been developed the novel approach for effective purification of industrial wastewater. It has been found that the degree of purification of the wastewater reached up to 94-98% when used as a reagent of 200-600 mg/1 of calcium hydrosilicate and 100-200 mg/1 of aluminum sulphate coagulant. The basic technological scheme has been proposed.
7. It has been determined that the field of using the sorbents on the basis of chemical analyzes, physical-chemical and sorption properties. It has been recommended that their use for cleaning and softening industrial wastewater such as JSC « Kungrad Soda zavodi», JSC «Bektemir spirt-experimental zavodi» and JSC «Uzmetkombinat».

The urgency and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. The damage caused by termites around the world is growing year after year. The countries of Western Africa spend about 10% of the finance assigned for the repair of constructions on buildings damaged by termites. In the USA alone the restoration of buildings after termites costs $1.5 billion annually, while the annual figure around the world is $20 billion1.
Termites destroy all wooden elements in various constructions, such as architectural and cultural monuments, strategically important constructions, hydraulic structures and residential and administrative buildings. One termite family consisting of 25 thousand individuals and occupying a space of 100 cm3 consumes an average of 50,000 cm3 of different types of cellulose. At the same time, they have a huge impact on the global carbon cycle, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. The ability to digest cellulose, which results in the emission of CO2 is the outcome of combining termites’ digestive secretions and the simbionts’ enzymes and, the consequential biochemical processes.
Termites’ hidden life and strong resistance to environmental factors, as well as the functional specialization of their castes and their ability to restore populations within short periods, complicate the control. Thus, to develop up to date biological control methods and to research into termites’ population ecology and their relations with vertebrate and invertebrate animals and microorganisms arc the most important steps to be taken.
It should be noted that the available scientific knowledge is not sufficient to protect residential and other constructions from termites. A better understanding of the reasons why termites moved from their natural environment and distributed in urban ecosystems would significantly improve the protection of susceptive infrastructure. Thus, among today’s most urgent tasks arc to determine the current distribution of the termite population, to study the physiological and biochemical processes associated with the digestive secretions and the activity of the simbionts’ enzymes, to identify new nematode species parasitizing termites and to improve control methods through the development of new poisonous baits based on pathogenic fungi and microorganisms.
The research of this dissertdtion in a certain degree serves to the solution of tasks stipulated in the decree № PD-1940 of March 20 2013 «On the program of tourism development in Khorezm region for 2013-2015» of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the decree № 27 2 February 2012 «On the acceleration of works aimed to control the termite population in the Republic of Uzbekistan and to prevent the harm they cause» of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and also in other legal documents adopted in this area.
The aims of the research is a comprehensive definition of population ecology of termites of the genus Anacanthotermes in natural and urban ecosystems of Uzbekistan and to develop of effective biological control methods of termite population.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time for the global termite fauna nematode species Caenorhabditis sp. was discovered in termites;
the activity of the lactase enzyme in the salivary gland of termites of the genus Anacanthotermes was established;
for the first time 24 species of fungi inhabiting the termite’s body, its food and the termitarium’s chambers were identified and their species composition were established;
the virulence of the strain of Beauveria tenella (Del) Siem BD-85, which use in the fight against termites extracted from the moroccan locust was increased;
for the first time a pathogenic bait out of the sunflower stem and strain Beauveria tenella (Del) Siem BD-85, Bacillus thuringiensis was created, which can be used to control the termite population.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the conducted research on a doctoral dissertation on the theme «The population ecology of termites and their role in natural and urban ecosystems» the following conclusions were presented:
1. The natural and urban territories of Uzbekistan arc populated by two termite species mainly: A. turkestanicus Jacobson, 1904 and A. ahngerianus Jacobson, 1904 of the genus Anacanthotermes
2. The population ecology and structure of termites from the genus Anacanthotermes in urban and natural ecosystems was identified. In such ecosystems, the life of termites is directly and indirectly associated to various vertebral and invertebrate animals.
3. The main reasons for the population and spread of termites over urban ecosystems. The distribution of A. turkestanicus and A. ahngerianus is impacted by a series of ecological as well as anthropogenic factors.
4. The digestion of oligomers by termites is defined by an effective exo- and cndoccllulase system. The study findings showed that the wood damage caused by termites, is associated to the carbohydrase activity of the salivary as well as intestinal glands and symbiotic enzymes.
5. Carbossimctilcellulose and cellobiase was inactive in the enzymes structure of all termites of the genus Anacanthotermes. For the first time the lactase enzymes participating in the digestion of termites of the genus Anacanthotermes were studied.
6. Twelve species were identified as symbiotic, flagellated protozoa that were involved in the digestion by A. turkestanicus and A. ahngerianus. The existence was proven of symbiotic relations between flagellated protozoa and termites of the genus Anacanthotermes, that from an evolutionally perspective points at close trophic and metabolieal link.
7. 24 fungus species were discovered in the soil of termite hills. In addition, the involvement of Alternaria, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Stachybotry and Helminthosporium sp. was proven during the digestion by termites’.
8. For the first time for the global termite fauna nematode species Caenorhabditis sp. was discovered in termites. Micromycetes of Aspergillus, Beauveria, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium sp. were present in termites nests. Therefore the efficiency of fluids containing the fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus orysae, Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria tenella, Scopulariopsis brevicaidis and Fusarium sp. was tested for infesting termites. The results showed, infection rates ranging between 82% and 100%.
9. It was proven that cntomopathogenic bacteria emitted chemical substances of the Bacillus thuringiensis group known for its anti-termite activity against A. turkestanicus. The findings demonstrated that strains of Bacillus thuringiensis LMD and LME-22 were the most toxic to the termites species studied.
10. For the first time, an effective bait was developed - based on a mixture sunflower stems (Helianthus annuus L.) and strains of Beauveria tenella (Del) Siem BD-85 and Bacillus thuringiensis L. The developed baits, attracted termites and consequently were effective in controlling termite populations.
11. The developed baits containing the fungus Beauveria tenella (Del) Siem BD-85 could be transferred in a way that permits producing such baits in a form that can be used for as a large-scale, antitermite campaign.

Actually and relevance of the subject of dissertation. Rational application of mineral fertilizer is the main factor for growing high and qualitative yield of agriculture plant. Therefore, optimal prevention of agriculture by mineral fertilizer is one of the topicality issues.
The chemical industry in the country after independence, modernization, technical and technological renovation, special attention is given to provide it with a strong base, in particular, by the government on the development of phosphate raw material reserves and local Jeroen-Sardara field step-by-step commissioning program in exploitation. As a result, Kyzylkum phosphorite complex with annual production capacity of 400 thousand tons of products was invaded to reduce import of the raw materials and after implementation of second stage with annual capacity of 716 thousand tons of phosphate concentrate can be stopped complete buy of this product form abroad.
At present, the world the special attention is given to the development of new methods of low-grade benefication, in research carried out in this regard, nitric acid and organic solvents on the basis of high-quality phosphate concentrate production technology is one of the most important tasks. When development low-grade phosphorite benefication by nitric acid in presence of organic solvents, should be based a number, including relevant scientific solutions in the following areas: development of effective ways of chemical benefication of raw phosphate; finding optimal condition process of leaching calcium nitrate, formed during the benefication of high calcareous phosphorite by nitric acid in presence of organic solvents; development of phosphoric fertilizer technology based on quality chemical benefication of phosphorite concentrate. Thesis topic is explained by the implementation of the scientific research in this area.
This dissertation research is to a certain extent the tasks provided for in the decree, and decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No PD-4707 on March 4, 2015 «On programme for measures of structural reforms, modernization and diversification of production in 2015-2019» and the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No 8 on January 22, 2015 «On additional measures to reduce production costs and reduce production prime cost in the industry», as well as other regulatory legal instruments adopted in this area.
The research objective is study Kyzylkum phosphorite enrichment by nitric acid in the presence of ethanol, followed by the processing of phosphorite concentrate in phosphorus compound fertilizers and calcium nitrate in the liquid and solid nitrogen-calcium nitrate.
The scientific novelty of the thesis research is as follows:
for the first time there have been obtained the new data on the chemical enrichment of the CK phosphorite with nitric acid followed by leaching of the resulting calcium nitrate by ethanol solution, depending on the norm of acid and the ratio of phosphorite to ethanol;
it has been established that ammoniation of nitrogen-calcium-phosphate slurry to pH = 3 that allows to completely prevent the loss of P2O5 in the liquid phase;
solubility diagram studied 4 fourfold component system of Ca(NO3)2 -NH4NO3 - C2H5OH - H2O, consisting of 3 triple: Ca(NO3)2 - C2H5OH - H2O; NH4NO3 - C2H5OH - H2O; Ca(NO3)2 - NH4NO3 - H2O and 3 triple binary systems of Ca(NO3)2 - H2O; NH4NO3 - H2O and C2H5OH - H2O, result in which minimum amount of ethanol were defined, depending on the technological parameters of the nitric acid benefication of carbonate containing phosphorite;there have been defined the physicochemical properties nitrogen-ammonium-calcium solution and in case the addition of bentonite to the solution can be obtained a granulated calcium nitrate with improved properties;
there been found the optimum conditions of the conversion of calcium nitrate that is a by-product of the nitric acid benefication of CK phosphorite in NH4NO3 and CaCO3 using CO2 and NH3;
there been developed the technology for processing of chemically enriched phosphoconcentrate in WPA, PK- and NPK-fertilizer.
CONCLUSION
1. Solubility diagram 4 fourfold component system of Ca(NO3)2 - NH4NO3 -C2H5OH - H2O has been studied, consisting of 3-triple: Ca(NO3)2 - C2H5OH - H2O; NH4NO3 - C2H5OH - H2O; Ca(NO3)2 - NH4NO3 - H2O and 3 triple binary systems of Ca(NO3)2 - H2O; NH4NO3 - H2O and C2H5OH - H2O, justifying the process of extraction of calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate from nitrogen-calcium-phosphate slurry produced during nitric acid enrichment of phosphorite CK by ethanol in a wide temperature and concentration range. Diagram allows to define the range of variation of technological parameters of the extraction process based on CaO: P2O5 phosphate raw materials and the conditions of its nitric acid decomposition.
2. The process of enrichment of various kinds of carbonate phosphorite from CK in HNO3 at a norm of 30 to 60% of the stoichiometry on the decomposition of CaO in the raw material and a weight ratio of PR: EA = 1: (3-10). The overall picture of the results of enrichment of different types of phosphate rock in HNO3 is similar. Thus, the enrichment of relatively high concentrated OPF with the content (wt.%) P2O5 18.70; CaO 47.8; CO2 15.3; SO3 2.05 and CaO: P2O5 = 2.56 at a norm of HNO3 is 40% on the decomposition of CaO (100% for CaCO3) and the ratio of PR: EA = 1: 5 is obtained phosphorite concentrate containing 26.19% of P2O5, and calcium module 1.52. This concentrate is quite suitable for the production of concentrated phosphate fertilizers. To prevent the transition of P2O5 into a liquid phase before divide nitrogen-calcium-phosphate alcoholic suspension (NCPAS) into liquid and solid phases, it was ammoniated to pH = 3. This made possibility to use for enrichment much higher norm of HNO3 and thus reduce the value of CaO: P2O5 in the raw material. Norm acid is ranged from 40-80% stoichiometry for CaO in the raw material. Taking into account the cost savings of HNO3 its optimal norm for the enrichment of various types of Kyzylkum phosphorite can be considered 50% and the weight ratio of PR: EA =1:5. And for MM acceptable norm is of 60%. So, when RPF enrichment, containing 17.52% of P2O5; 47.53% of CaO; 15.23% of CO2 and CaO: P2O5 = 2.71 with a 50% norm of HNO3, pH of the slurry and the ratio of PR 3: EA =1:5 obtained concentrate composition (wt.%): P2O5tot. - 26.20; CaOtot. -38.25; CO2 - 2.80; CaO: P2O5 = 1.46. The yield of P2O5 in the concentrate is 100%.
3. The theoretical analysis of the regeneration of the NACS with the use of solubility diagrams of 4 fourfold component system of Ca(NO3)2 - NH4NO3 -C2H5OH - H2O, the result it was calculated alcohol recovery process and determined the interval of variation of process parameters, taking into account the composition of the starting water-alcohol solutions and final products. The kinetics of the distillation EA from NACS depending on the temperature and pressure has been studied. Applying a vacuum pressure of 0.3 atm. provides EA distillation for a short time (60 minutes at 80°C). When the regeneration EA from calcium nitrate solution, which is a by-product of the nitric acid concentration of CK phosphorite, degree EA return to the cycle reaches 98-99%. After distilling off the NACS has been obtained containing 50% Ca(NO3)2 and 3% NH4NO3.
4. Physicochemical properties of the initial and productional NACS depending on the concentration of Ca(NO3)2 and NH4NO3. It is shown that in the concentration range of 53.02-65.71% of NACS the crystallization temperature is in the range of (-75) + 12.0°C that allows to be used them in the spring and summer, as a liquid nitrogen-calcium fertilizer. NACS has good rheological properties. However, more concentrated NACS (67.83-84.77% of Ca(NO3)2, 3.83-4.77% of NH4NO3) before use should be diluted with water, as the crystallization temperature is 29-60°C. It was found that with increasing concentration NACS increases its the boiling point. NACS was processed in granular calcium nitrate. To improve the properties of the latter various bentonite clay deposits are used as additives. The products obtained with a ratio of Ca(NO3)2: Betonies = 100 : 6 nitrogen content is in a range of 14.49-14.69%. Physical and chemical properties of the resulting products have been defined. Optimal conditions for the conversion of calcium nitrate of NACS in NH4NO3 and CaCO3 using ammonium carbonate. Based on the results of studies recommended the following conditions conducting the conversion process: concentration of calcium nitrate solution is 37%, the norm of ammonium carbonate is 120% of the stoichiometry, conversion of temperature is 70°C, mixing time is 120 minutes. The degree of conversion of calcium nitrate is maximum 99.94%, and the concentration of ammonium nitrate solution is 45%.
5. Developed technology of Kyzylkum phosphorite enrichment by nitric acid in presence of ethanol has been tested in the model laboratory plant and pilot plant of JSC «Samarkandkimyo» with the output of an experimental batch of chemically enriched phosphoconcentrate. Material balance for enrichment process of phosphorite flour containing 17.52% of P2O5 has been complied. The circuit includes a step of decomposing the raw material by nitric acid repulping nitrogen-calcium-phosphate slurry with circulating alcoholic solution of calcium nitrate, neutralization with ammonia suspension two fold washing wet phosphoconcentrate by circulating calcium nitrate solution, and ethanol, as well as drying the final product.
6. Studies on preparation of WPA from chemically enriched phosphoconcentrate containing 26.2% of P2O5 in the dihydrate mode depending on the norms of H2SO4 103%; the concentration of circulating WPA is 15% P2O5, and the ratio of L: S = 3: 1. In this KeXp. = 98.73%; Kwas. = 98.57%, Kyej. = 92.87%, a filtration rate is 1312 kg / m2 • hour, and the concentration of phosphoric acid is 20.19% of P2O5. Content CaOtot.; SO3lot.; P2O5tot. and P2O5wat. is 31.21; 43.23; 1.43 and 0.27%, respectively in the dried phosphogypsum. Material balance of the process of obtaining one ton of P2O5 in the form of WPA has been estimated.
The process obtaining compound-mixed PK- and NPK- fertilizer in a wide range of ratios of nutrients has been studied by mixing wet phosphoconcentrate crystalline potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate. A block diagram of the complex processing of phosphorite of CK by HNO3 has been developed.
7. For the approximate determination of the economic efficiency of the organization of production of chemically enriched phosphoconcentrate made economic calculation productions of WCPC and chemically enriched phosphoconcentrate and ammophos based on them on the basis of processing of one thousand ton of phosphate ore averaged of Kyzylkum. It has been shown that the overall manufacturing cost of one ton of WCPC is 206155 sums and chemically enriched phosphoconcentrate is 149657 sums that 56498 sums cheaper. Thermal enrichment of 1,000 ton of phosphate rock 433.94 ton of WCPC is obtained, and when chemical processing is 668 ton of phosphoconcentrate. Of these, it is made 235.1 and 361.8 ton of ammophos to the amount of 258 255 469 and 397 434 406 sums, respectively. That is additionally produced the product in the amount of 139 million 179 thousand sums.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. Present time Global environmental change creates complicated situations all over the world. One of them is biodamages of anthropogenic landscapes by birds. For example, «currently horticultural sector of Australia has 300 billion dollars of the USA damage, African countries grain and grapes production loose approximately 87.3 billion. Dollars, every year it takes part about 4000 accidents between birds and aircrafts»1. In this regards the determination of birds caused damages, its prevention and working out the methods of its control are very important task.
After getting independence in our country it is payed solid attention to the modernization of economic sector, specially to the main branch of agroindustrial sector such as agricultural production. The were some achievements on the basis of effective methods of prevention of biodamages caused by birds and development of safe means of protection, including protection of the agricultural yield from various biodamages, as biodamage caused by birds and also in this regard the improvement of the development of harmless recourses, improve the results of their efficiency.
Currently, the increase of the area of anthropogenic landscapes and dependence of birds from these landscapes caused to increase of several problems of biodamages in different sectors of agriculture, economy and aviation transport. In this regards, in the conditions of anthropogenic landscapes, the scope of damage caused by birds in grain production, horticulture, viticulture, as well as honey bee production and their ecological technological nature, prototype and analog quantities determination, development of the ways to reduce of damage, as well as regulation of birds behavior near airports to limit accidence between birds and aviation transport by application of ecological technological systems and its modernization is very significant problem. Implementation of the results of investigation for modernization of ecological technological methods for prevention birds caused damages can be explained as following: determination of ecological causes of attraction of birds to the important production sectors (agriculture, aviation, industry, power lines etc) by application of single and differential approach; determination of the nature of highest culmination points of birds acoustic and repellent signaling systems; synthesis of acoustic repellent imitators and development of mechanisms of inter-specific effects; approval of complexes of biotechnological systems to prevent birds caused damages; development and implementation into practice of preventive ecological and technological methods on the basis of behavior and sensory organs features of birds.
The research of this dissertation in a certain degree serves to the solution of tasks stipulated in the decree № PF-3709 of January 9, 2006 «Programs for economic modernization in horticulture and grape production» of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the decree № PF-2460 of December 29, 2015 of the President of the Republic Uzbekistan «Programs for modernization and development of agriculture» and the decree №294 of October 24, 2014 «On measures for further development of civil aviation and strengthening the material-technical base of the National Airline «Uzbekistan havo Yullari» and also in other legal documents adopted in this area.
The aims of the research is an investigation of birds caused biodamages and modernization of ecological technological methods of their prevention.
Scientific novelty of the research are in the follows:
it was determined the level and dynamics of biodamage caused by birds at the croplands and in the territories of aeroports;
populations of Sturnidae and biological importance of acoustic signals in the interspecies acoustic communicative relationship as well as phylogenetic origin of acoustic repellent signals were determined;
on the basis of bioacoustic investigation it was first time described an alarm repellent signals of common bee-eater (Merops apiaster L.) and blue-cheeked bee eater (Merops superciliosus L.) the highest part - existence of alarming signals was identified and application of this signals in honey bee farms was scientifically proved;
it was first time investigated interspecific influence of an alarm signals of my-lady's-belt to other species of birds;
dangerous migration of birds alongside of territories of aeroports and eco-technological methods of forecast of situation were developped;
first time in the Uzbekistan condition, it was created an acoustic-reppelent complex of birds on the basis of birds sensors features.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the conducted research on doctoral dissertation on the theme «The biodamages, caused by birds in Uzbekistan and improvement of eco-technological methods of their prevention» the following conclusions were presented:
1. It was proved that the nature of biological damages caused by birds to different sectors of economy is linked with ecologic pliability, ethology, migration, and sinanthropy as well.
2. It was assessed the biological damage caused by birds to different croplands which were as followings: grape yards 17-19%, horticulture 31-86%, wheat 7,6-8,3%, rice 2,1-3,4%, sorgum 33-42%, breeding plots, seed testing plots 45-100%. All it depends from seasonal birds’ life.
3. About 30 species of birds are nesting in the airports and nearby areas. These causes to accidents with aircrafts which has a seasonal shape, where spring and autumn were higher which can be explained by migration, nesting and other factors.
4. Altruistic behavior of birds provided a stable population structure, and imprinting was linked directly with biological damages caused by birds.
5. The alarm signal of Indian starling and other predator birds with interspecific effect to birds, spectral-time sound closeness, principal similarity, simplicity of modular frequency, mechanisms of signal origination can be explained by simple signal initiation.
6. Rapid analyses of spectral timely structure of acoustic repellent signals shows that acoustic repellent signals of sparrows have common phylogenetic root and allows to determine an imitone.
7. It was in first time determined of the higher culmination point-alarm signal of bee-eater and with using this signals it was possible to protect a honey bee from biological damage.
8. In principal object it is necessary to apply biotechnological systems together with ecological approach and by imitation real-dangerous situation to enhance efficiency of application of repellent system.
9. It was developed special methodology to prevent biodamages caused by birds and complex installation «Optical repellent installation» and «Optical acoustic repellent complex» strategy to limit harmful effect of birds were recommended.
10. In case of combined use of «Optic repellent installation» and «Optical acoustic repellent complex» there were possible to reduce a damage up to 80% in airports, civil buildings 90-95%, power line system 100%, horticulture and viticulture 80%, honey bee form 70% and grain croplands 60% higher efficiency.

The aim of research work is the identification of biochemical, molecular-biological and ecological peculiarities of plants growing on the Aral Sea dried-out bottom, and assessment of their potentials.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
220 higher plants were identified naturally occurring in the territory of the Southern Aralkum 130 of them were found for the first time; the plants widespread in the territory under study were proved to be formed on the basis of Irano-Turanian flora;
concentrations of 38 elements as constituents of plant species and of 37 elements in the soil were measured; rhenium was found in the organs of plants under study and concentrations of free amino acids as constituents of plant species widespread in the territory under study were measured; role of phenylalanine and proline in adjustment of the plants to the stress factors was proved;
total proteins and peptides were isolated from the plants widespread on the dried-out bottom of the Aral Sea were studied, their antibiotic activity to pathogens of human organism was tested;
for the first time rbcL gene of Atriplex pretovii was found to consist of 488, 537 and 811 bp; 283 and 404 bp were identified in matK gene, and 577 bp were found in psbB-psbH regions, results of sequencing were included in EMBL-EBI database;
for the first time from molecular-genetic point of view Atriplex pratovii was proved to differ from other Atriplex genus plants and Atriplex pratovii interspecific and intergeneric molecular phylogeny by rbcL and /идгК genes was developed;
plant species widespread divided into ecological groups and bioindicating properties have been established.

The aim of research work is the working of ecological principles of diabetes disease forecasting of Southern Aral Sea region population
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
Complex research of various biosphere objects influence subjected to anthropogenous pollution on morbidity with insulin-dependent diabetes of the Southern Aral Sea region population.
Monitoring was carried out and epidemiological indicators of insulindependent diabetes (prevalence, disease, death rate) among the population of Southern Aral Sea region with the taking into account of ecological state of residing areas according to the register were studied.
Influence of high levels of anthropogenous pollution on initiation of diabetes developments among the population of Aral Sea region was defined.
For the first time ecological principles of disease forecasting of population with diabetes in the conditions of Aral Sea region in applied aspect are presented.

The aim of the research work is to conduct comprehensive analysis of the ecological situation and its consequences for Uzbekistan in the second half of the XX century - beginning of XXI century.
The scientific novelty of the research work is based on the following:
the essence of the irrational and contradictive to the laws of nature use of natural resources and disposition and development of production forces in the Soviet period, which resulted in a violation of the balance of «nature-population-national economy», was researched;
it is proved that under the conditions of administrative bureaucracy, a disdainful attitude to the problems of social ecology resulted in a decrease of the standard of life and health of the population, jeopardized its gene pool;
the global, regional, national and local features of the environmental threat in the Republic of Uzbekistan are shown on the example of climate change processes, Aral and Aral Sea problems, external (trans boundary) and internal problems of the use of natural resources and the environment;
the essence of strategic directions and the organizational and legal bases of environmental policy that led to the transformational processes in this sphere during the years of independence is revealed on the basis of the system approach;
it is justified that on the basis of the principles of sustainable development the symbiosis of ecological, social and economic tasks served to create conditions for raising living standards and health of the population, stabilizing ecosystems in the zones of the republic under increased environmental threat; the priority tasks of strengthening the foundations of sustainable development in the situation of high population growth and its needs are also identified.

The aim of research work is to analyze the impact of anthropogenic load on the oasis geosystems of the Middle and Lower Zarafshan, improve the scientific and practical basis for assessing the environmental situation and optimizing them.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
developed, for the first time new methodological approach based on quantitative and qualitative parameters "anthropogenic load” under the assessment of geoecosystems situation in oases; based on this new map “Anthropogenic load and its consequences for the oasis landscapes of the Middle and Lower Zarafshan" was developed;
developed norms of “land capacity” for geosystems oases and methods of calculation area under irrigated lands of populated settlements and other construction objects were improved;
created new geoecological map oases of the Middle and Lower Zarafshan basin based on improved criteria for analysis of ecological situation of oases of geosystems;
determined qualitative changes in chemical composition groundwater of oases geosystems of the Middle and Lower Zarafshan and developed new thematic hydroecological maps (water mineralization, water hardness, distribution of anions and cations);
established a correlation between the health of the population and the ecological situation in oasis geosystems, it is proved that in the oases of the Middle and Lower Zarafshan the most powerful factor affecting the health of the population is the quality of drinking water;
proven that the optimization of the ecological situation in oasis geosystems should be carried out for each landscape separately, based on their individual characteristics.

The aim of the study is to study the effect of plant emissions, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on physical, chemical, agrochemical, microbiological, meliorative properties of irrigated desert - sand, takyr soils and light gray soils on the changes in agrobiological processes taking place in fruit trees, their yield and quality of harvest.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows:For the first time the change in the soil-ecological, genetic, chemical and meliorative properties of soils of the desert zone and irrigated light sierozems of the Kashkadarya oasis under the influence of gas industry emissions;
mechanisms of the impact of migration in soils and plants of such as technogenic emissions of the plant the connections of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in various physical states and concentrations arc determined;
correlations between the amount of sulfur in soils and humus, gross and mobile forms of nutrients
the radius of action of sulfur compounds in the atmosphere - plant - soil - soil -plant - atmosphere in arid, sharply continental climatic conditions with minimal precipitation, pronounced atmospheric and soil drought;
The following ecological series of fruit trees has been developed in terms of degree of resistance to plant emissions: quince - apple tree - apricot - cherry -almond - peach.

The aim of the research work is improving of water saving methods in arid regions and use of atmospheric moisture, based on local agrometeorological data.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
experimentally determined the accumulation of moisture due to condensation in the soil during mulching;
the possibility of harvesting crops without irrigation based on mulching in arid conditions, where evaporation exceeds the average annual rainfall, is defined;
the method of obtaining a crop of vegetables without irrigation in areas with limited water resources is proved;
it is established that the amount of moisture accumulated in the soil at the beginning of the growing season is greater than the amount of precipitation during the autumn-winter period.