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PROFESSIONAL TERMS IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM: THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL LANGUAGE AND
CULTURE
Rakhmatullayev Anaskhon Khamidullo son
PhD student at Namangan State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15675607
Аннотация.
В статье рассматриваются термины профессиональной
лексики ножеделия, их лингвокультурные и лингвоареальные языковые
характеристики.
Ключевые слова:
язык и культура, национальный язык,
литературный язык, профессиональная лексика, диалектные ареалы, нож
и узбекские термины ножеделия.
Annotation.
The article examines the terms of professional vocabulary of
knifemaking, their linguacultural and linguaareal language characteristics.
Key words:
language and culture, national language, literary language,
professional vocabulary, dialect areas, knife and Uzbek terms of knifemaking.
In world linguistics, increasing emphasis is being placed on studying
language in connection with the individual speaker, their unique national and
spiritual world, and lifestyle. As a result of such approaches to language study,
by the mid-20th century, the scope of linguistic research expanded, giving rise to
new fields such as ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, and anthropocentric
analysis. These fields opened up opportunities to explore new aspects of
language related to the human world. Consequently, studying language in
organic connection with the historical development, lifestyle, daily life,
traditional culture, and spiritual world of the people who speak it has become
one of the key issues in linguistics.
In global linguistics, language tools are regarded as a crucial factor
reflecting the customs and traditions of each nation, expressing its national
identity, and defining its spirituality. It is well known that every national
language has unique lexical units with distinct meanings and content, which are
studied in relation to the people’s culture, spiritual values, distinctive way of
thinking, and national-historical traditions. This approach is of great importance
and underscores the relevance of such research.
In Uzbek linguistics, there is growing interest in studying the language in
connection with the customs, historical traditions, spiritual world, and
occupations of the Uzbek people. This is because “preserving, studying, and
passing down historical heritage to future generations is one of the most
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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important priorities of our state’s policy
1
. As every nation possesses common
characteristics, it also has unique traits, and such distinctiveness is considered
the customs and traditions of a particular nation.
At present, Uzbek terminology is developing rapidly in all directions.
Fundamental concepts related to science, technology, politics, economics, and
cultural life are supported by a proportionate terminology system. During the
years of independence, a variety of bilingual, multilingual, and explanatory
dictionaries have been published in the country. Currently, intensive work is
being carried out to compile terminological dictionaries for various fields, and
educational, methodological, and scientific literature related to terminology is
being published. The role of mass media is significant in the further
development of Uzbek terminology. The main source of enrichment, expansion,
and improvement of the modern Uzbek literary language’s terminological
system, as is the case in other languages, is undoubtedly its own lexical wealth.
The development of Uzbek terminology based on its own resources and
capabilities occurs in two ways: a) using existing words in the language to
express new objects, concepts, or phenomena; b) creating new terms through
the word-formation possibilities of the Uzbek literary language. Morphological,
semantic, and syntactic methods of word formation are effectively used in
creating new terms. The method of calquing also plays a noticeable role in term
creation. A significant portion of Uzbek terminology consists of terms derived
from the Russian-international lexical fund. Terms borrowed from other non-
Turkic languages are characterized by encompassing the social, political,
economic, cultural, and spiritual aspects of the Uzbek people’s activities.
During the period of former Soviet rule, many ancient words that played a
significant role in the formation and development of the Uzbek language’s
lexicon were unjustly categorized as outdated lexical units, i.e., archaisms.
Rectifying this injustice and restoring historical truth were prioritized as
important tasks. Due to the absence of equivalents for certain concepts in the
Uzbek terminology system, the ability to express them with a single word is
limited.
The lexicon of professions is an important aspect that determines the
ethnographic distinctiveness of a particular ethnos, and its expression through
linguistic means is of great significance for both linguistics and ethnography.
Each region has its own ethnographic lexicon, and collecting and studying it
from a linguistic perspective, as well as passing it down from generation to
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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generation as a linguistic tool, creates opportunities to address many linguistic
challenges.
Culture is the expression of a person’s inner and outer world, their way of
thinking, and their manner of conveying thoughts and ideas to others. Since
ancient times, a person’s identity has been defined by their manners, ethics, and
linguistic culture. Culture is a multifaceted concept.
According to the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language,” it is used
in five different senses
2
. However, culture in the sense of literacy, education,
enlightenment, and intellectual refinement emerges as a result of a person's
linguistic activity. Thus, culture is connected to language, and this connection
has been recognized in linguistics, leading to the emergence of linguoculturology
the science of linguistic culture at the intersection of language and culture.
For linguoculturology, studying culture is considered more important than
studying progress, as progress is material, while culture is symbolic. Myths,
traditions, and rituals are inherent to culture, reflected in the lifestyle and
ceremonies of a people through linguistic units and expressions. For this reason,
these linguistic units are considered objects of study in linguoculturology. By the
early 20th century, linguoculturology had become one of the leading directions
in global linguistics. As emphasized in numerous linguistic studies,
"linguoculturology is a science that studies language as a cultural phenomenon,
with the interconnectedness of language and culture forming its subject
matter”
3
. V.N. Teliya writes about this as follows: "Linguoculturology is a
science that studies the human, or more precisely, the personality and cultural
factors in their interconnectedness.”
4
.
According to G. Slishkin, “Linguoculturology is oriented toward the human
factor and the cultural factor within a person, and the fact that its core consists
of the cultural phenomenon indicates that it pertains to the anthropological
paradigm of the science of humanity.”
5
.
N. Mahmudov writes the following about language and culture, which are
among the most fundamental concepts in the field: “When we talk about
language and culture, the issue of ‘speech culture’ often comes to mind
associatively, but this does not truly reflect the essence of culture in these two
contexts. When referring to language and culture, it is generally (and rightly so)
understood as explaining a particular culture through language or, conversely,
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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understanding a language through the study of a culture. To put it more
precisely, the meaning of culture in linguoculturology is not ‘the level or degree
achieved in intellectual-spiritual or economic activity (speech culture)’ but
rather ‘the sum of achievements acquired in the productive, social, and
intellectual-spiritual life of human society (cultural history, Uzbek culture).’
Therefore, the issues of studying speech culture are distinct, while the object of
study in linguoculturology is entirely different”
6
.
Language is one of the most important indicators of culture, as a person's
worldview, culture, and spirituality are formed and expressed through language.
At the same time, language is not only a means of communication between
people but also an environment that shapes a person's life experience, where
they are formed and live. It can even be said that a person seemingly lives within
language and constantly experiences its influence
7
.
The language reflects a person's unique worldview and culture. Its most
important function is to preserve culture and pass it from generation to
generation. Therefore, language plays a significant role in shaping personality,
national character, people, and nation.
The relationship between language and culture, as well as their mutual
influence, is a subject of study for many specialists: cultural scholars, linguists,
and philosophers. Accordingly, it can be said that linguoculturology is a highly
complex and multifaceted field.
For over a century, the issue of the relationship between language and
culture has occupied the minds of numerous researchers and scholars, yet it
remains a debated topic to this day. Attempts to define language through culture
and culture through language testify to their mutual interdependence and
interaction: language does not exist outside of culture, and culture cannot exist
without language.
Language grows, develops, and expresses itself in connection with culture,
emdiving the uniqueness of a people, their national culture, and the distinct
national worldview of each nation. For example, we can cite the words of two
prominent scholars, the founders of the American and European ethnolinguistic
schools.
The most prominent representative of this approach is Wilhelm von
Humboldt, whose main ideas are summarized as follows:
1) Material and spiritual culture are embodied in language;
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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International scientific-online conference
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2) Every culture is national, and its national character is expressed in
language through a unique worldview; each nation’s language has its own
distinct internal form;
3) The internal form of language is the “national spirit,” which is an
expression of a people’s culture;
4) Language is a means of connection between a person and the world
around them
8
. V. Humboldt's approach was also uniquely interpreted in the
works of his follower A.A. Potebnya. Language is considered both a product or
part of culture (inherited from ancestors) and a condition of culture (through
which culture is assimilated). Language is an integral part of culture and its tool,
while simultaneously expressing the unique characteristics of national
mentality
9
. Attempts to define language through culture and culture through
language testify to a mutual interdependence and interaction: language does not
exist outside of culture, and culture does not exist without language. They
(language and culture) are closely interconnected.
Language penetrates culture, develops within it, and expresses it,
emdiving the uniqueness of a people, their national culture, and their national
worldview. The distinctiveness of a language is shaped by culture, mentality, and
the “spirit of the people
10
. Translation scholars emphasize the cultural and
linguistic unity of representatives of a specific ethnic group, highlighting their
interconnectedness and expressing ideas such as “the unique language of
culture” and “language as a carrier of culture.” Thus, they combine these crucial
indicators of an ethnic group. Additionally, they note that language, as a subject
of interpersonal communication, is also a unifying element of culture
11
. Culture
is a phenomenon that is not biologically inherent to humans and is created as a
result of people's life activities
12
. According to this, every nation has a culture
connected to its traditions and way of life, which is primarily reflected in its
language. The interdependence of language and culture is determined by the fact
that both are natural phenomena. Like language, culture is ancient and gives rise
to the unique ethnoculture of each ethnic group. Ethnoculture, in turn, is a
collection of assimilated forms aimed at preserving the distinctive
characteristics of a particular ethnic group
13
.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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In summary, the terminological system of the Uzbek language develops
through both internal and external sources. The internal capabilities of the
language play a primary role in the development, formation, and improvement
of its terminological systems. This is because significant changes in life, as well
as advancements in science, technology, and culture, necessitate the maximum
utilization of the language's internal resources.
If a term or its expression is not precise and clear, it inevitably leads to
confusion and ambiguity. Therefore, the progress of any field or discipline is
partly determined by whether its terminology constitutes a "strictly scientific
terminology."
Due to the failure to fully adhere to the necessary stages in the creation of
over 30 small-scale terminological dictionaries published by the Terminology
Committee, or the more than 20 terminological dictionaries of various sizes
discussed, approved, and published by different sections of the Committee, these
dictionaries contain, to varying degrees, inconsistent (doublet, polysemous, or
unclear) terms.
In the Uzbek language, numerous terminological dictionaries in various
fields are being compiled by scientific institutions, higher education
establishments, publishing houses, and initiative groups regarding
nomenclature and its characteristics. However, regulating Uzbek terminology
can only be achieved if these dictionaries are developed under the supervision of
responsible scientists, scholars, and high-ranking state and administrative
officials appointed to oversee the process.
For the study of the professional and occupational lexicon of the Uzbek language,
alongside Mahmud Kashgari’s Devoni Lug‘otit Turk, the work of the eminent
Uzbek linguist, Honored Scientist of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philological Sciences,
Professor Sobirjon Ibrahimov, titled The Professional Lexicon of the Fergana
Dialects, serves as a foundational resource for studying the lexical layer related
to professions and occupations in the Uzbek language.
List of used literature:
1. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. We will continue our national development path with
determination and take it to a new level. Volume I.– Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2017.
– P.29.
2. Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. Volume II: National
Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. – Tashkent: 2006. – P.521. 93
3. Usmonova Sh. Linguistic and cultural aspects of translation. – Tashkent: 2015.
– P.31.
4. Telia V.N. Russian phraseology. – M.:1982. – P. 20-25.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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International scientific-online conference
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5. Makhmudov N. In search of ways to improve the study of the language //
Uzbek language and literature. – Tashkent, 2012. - No. 5. – P. 10 94.
6. Maslova V. A. Linguistics: Textbook. Textbook for students of higher
education, institutions. – M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2001. – 208 p.
7. Sabitova Z.K. Linguistics: textbook. – M.: Flint: Nauka, 2013. – 528 p. 96.
8. Ashirov A. Ethnology. New edition. – Tashkent: 2014. – P.171. 543 p.
