THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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International scientific-online conference
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH: ANALYSIS OF
RADON GAS PRESENCE IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF
TASHKENT (2020–2024)
Ayxunbayeva Gulnora Xudoyberdiyevna
Anvarova Ra'no Sodiq qizi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15254142
Introduction
Indoor air quality has become a critical public health concern, particularly
in densely populated urban environments. One of the most overlooked yet
dangerous indoor air pollutants is radon — a naturally occurring, colorless, and
odorless radioactive gas that can accumulate in residential buildings. Prolonged
exposure to elevated levels of radon significantly increases the risk of
developing lung cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO),
radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer globally, after smoking.
Although extensive radon research has been conducted in many parts of the
world, limited data is available for Uzbekistan, especially regarding its presence
in residential areas of Tashkent. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the
distribution and accumulation of radon gas in Tashkent’s residential buildings
over the period 2020–2024, with the aim of identifying high-risk zones and
informing evidence-based public health interventions.
Main Body
The objective of this research is to evaluate radon levels across a
representative sample of housing types in Tashkent — including apartment
buildings, detached houses, and underground spaces such as basements. The
study explores how various environmental and structural factors influence
indoor radon concentration, including:
Building materials and architectural design
Soil composition and permeability
Natural and mechanical ventilation systems
Seasonal changes and microclimatic conditions
A combination of methods was employed: environmental hygiene surveys,
field measurements using electronic dosimeters, comparative risk analysis, and
statistical modeling. The study also benchmarks radon exposure levels in
Tashkent against internationally accepted safety thresholds, such as those
established by WHO and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Preliminary findings suggest that radon accumulation is more pronounced
in older buildings and poorly ventilated spaces, especially during colder months
when windows remain closed. Notably, basements and ground-floor units
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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International scientific-online conference
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showed consistently higher radon concentrations, correlating with direct
contact with radon-emitting soil layers.
Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of radon presence allows
for targeted prevention strategies, such as improved ventilation, sealing of
foundation cracks, and use of radon-resistant construction techniques.
Furthermore, the results highlight the need for public education on indoor air
health risks, especially in high-risk residential areas.
Conclusion
This research provides essential data for the development of local and national
strategies aimed at mitigating radon exposure and reducing associated health
risks. By identifying critical exposure zones and evaluating the effectiveness of
existing mitigation measures, the study contributes to the foundation for
regulatory action and public awareness campaigns in Uzbekistan.
Future efforts should focus on the integration of radon risk assessments
into building codes and urban planning policies. Public health authorities and
housing developers alike must collaborate to ensure that radon-safe
construction becomes a priority in the growing urban landscape of Tashkent.
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