THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND ITS TYPES
Togaev Jahongir Komil oglu
Termez State University
Academic Lyceum
Lecturer in Computer Science.
Oroqov Orif Ashirali ogli
Termez State University
Academic Lyceum
Lecturer in Computer Science.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15447946
Humanity is taking advantage of the achievements of development, new
technologies and finished products are used to using the news without even
thinking about how it came into the world. This is how long and hard
programmers have come to make sure that we can use these products We don't
always think about it, we don't even think about it. After all, the given Scientific
research is the foundation of hard research in these areas. It is on its foundation
that modern technologies are built. That is why informatization advanced
countries, a modern manufacturer in the field of high technology Giants pay a lot
of attention to scientific and applied research. Bisoti has a strong scientific
community and lab owners spend billions of dollars on this research each year,
and hundreds, It obtains thousands of patents. Today, software provided by our
government A series of measures to produce products and develop the national
market is being seen.
It is known that the effective use of computer technology requires the
continuity of two parts of hardware and software. This discontinuity leads to
rapid development of software that matches the rapid development of computer
hardware, and vice versa. The reason for this is known, that without proper
software, any computer remains a "precious toy".
Program As you know, in order to solve a problem on a computer, first
some copy of it is taken and an algorithm is compiled, and then this algorithm is
written in the form of instructions and commands that the computer
understands on the basis of certain rules. Once the resulting text is written in
computer language, it is called a program. This means that a program is a
consistent order of instructions that a computer can execute to solve a problem.
History of programming languages – covers everything from
documentation of early computers to modern tools for software development.
Early programming languages were intended to be used in a very narrow range
of applications, relying on mathematical notations and similar obscure syntax.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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International scientific-online conference
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The development of computer technology has defined the process of the
emergence of various new sign systems for writing algorithms in programming
languages. The origin of such a language was to simplify the program code.
It is customary to divide programming languages into five generations. The
first generation includes languages compiled in the early 1950s, when the first
computers were just emerging. It was the first assembly language to be built on
the principle of "one command on one line."
During the 20th century, research on compiler theory led to the creation of
high-level programming languages that use more convenient syntax to convey
instructions.
The physical principles of operation of the computer's electronic devices
are that the computer can perceive only one and zero commands - the sequence
of voltage decreases, that is, the machine code. At the initial stage of the
development of computers, man had to write programs in machine codes, in a
language understandable to a computer. Each instruction consisted of opcode
and operand addresses, represented as different combinations of units and
zeros. Thus, any program for a processor was considered at the time to be a
sequence of ones and zeros.
Later, the practice of communicating with a computer showed that it is
difficult and inconvenient to master such a language. When using it, there was a
very high probability of making many mistakes by typing 1 or 0 in the wrong
sequence. The program was very difficult to manage. In addition, programming
in machine codes required a good knowledge of the internal structure of the
computer, the principle of operation of each block, and the worst thing about
such a language is that the programs in this language – a very long sequence of
ones and zeros – depended on the machine, that is, each computer had to create
its own program, and programming in machine codes required a lot of things:
time, work and attention of the programmer.
It soon became clear that it was possible to automate the process of
generating machine code. Since 1950 the mnemonic language Assembler has
been used for writing programs. The Assembler language made it possible to
render machine code in a more human-friendly way: instead of binary codes
representing the essence of the command, letters or abbreviated special words
were used to designate commands and the objects to which those commands
were executed. For example, an instruction in assembler to add two digits is
represented by the word add, whose machine code is as 000010.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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The process of composing a program for a computer is called programming
and a person who composes a program is called a programmer. Programming
language And the "language" that a computer understands is called a
programming language. Programming languages can be conditionally divided
into the following three groups: From the History of Programming Languages.
Programming languages began to be created mainly after World War II. But the
history of its beginnings dates back to much more distant years. A ceramic tablet
found in archaeological excavations shows a complex algorithm of operations
related to interest in Babylon 3800 years ago (1800 BC). It deals with a specific
question: an algorithm is drawn up for how many years and months it will take
for the wheat yield to double if the wheat yield exceeds 20% per year.
Low-level programming languages Low-level programming languages are
directly related to computer devices, and instructions are written using special
numbers (codes). Programs made up of such commands are so large that editing
them is cumbersome. In the first electronic computers (ENIAK, MESM and
others), programs were created using such commands to solve problems. The
main difficulty is that on the one hand, commands are represented by numbers,
on the other hand, the programmer is required to know to which variable the
numerical value in the aggregate belongs to when executing each operation, and
at what address the values of the other variables are located.
Intermediate Programming Languages In order to facilitate programming,
the issue of compiling and applying a command system close to the human
language was raised and solved. Programming languages such as these began to
be referred to as intermediate programming languages (sometimes assemblers).
Such languages include AUTOCODE-BEMSH, AUTOCODE-MADELEINE, etc. They
were used in electronic computers BESM-6, Minsk-22, Minsk-32, IBM-360.
High-Level
Programming
Languages
Instructions
in
high-level
programming languages consist of a set of words that are close to a human
language. With their help, operations are easier than at the lower levels, and the
programmer is not required to know addresses and information directly related
to devices, unless there is some special instruction. Special programs called
broadcasters transfer programs structured in this language to digital form so
that computers can execute.
Many top-level programming languages were created in subsequent years,
including Pascal, dBase, Ada, KARAT, C++, Delphi, Visual Basic, and many others.
The programming languages that are currently being created are designed to
solve problems in one direction or another. It is also worth noting that for
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computers of different models, customized versions of the programming
language have been developed, which may differ from the initial version of this
language.
Plankalkyul An early high-level programming language called Plankalkyul,
it was compiled in 1946 by German scientist Konrad Suzi. This language was
unfamiliar to the general public at the time, for obvious reasons. It began to be
used practically since 1972, in 1949 the American John Mouchley came out with
a proposal not to use 8 and 10 digital number systems in programming. A
programming language based on this was created by Grace Holler under the
name "Short Code" and the original EH.
Nowadays, programming languages can be classified according to one or
another knowledge. The classification of a programming language according to
its degree of dependency on the computer is the most general. Depending on the
foregoing, programming languages are divided into computer-dependent and
non-computer-dependent languages. Computer-dependent languages, in turn,
are divided into computer languages and computer languages. The concept of
language level is used to describe the degree of proximity of a programming
language to a computer language.
Programming languages are the means by which computers communicate,
through which programmers create a wide variety of programs, applications,
and systems.
Each programming language differs in its syntax, capabilities, and scope
(e.g. Python in artificial intelligence, Java in mobile applications, C++ in system
programming).
Learning programming languages helps not only build applications, but also
algorithmic reasoning, problem-solving, and logical thinking
The development of modern technologies, including artificial intelligence,
IoT, and automation systems, is increasing the importance of programming
languages.
Knowledge of programming languages allows to master professions that
are in high demand in the current labor market and consolidate the position of a
person in a digital society.
Programming language - an official language designed to describe data
(information) and algorithms (programs) of working with it in electronic
machines; A system of conditional symbols used to communicate a person with
an electronic machine. A programming language occupies the place between a
natural language and a conditional machine language. The main task of a
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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International scientific-online conference
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programming language is to be a tool for compiling programs, that is, to express
information and use it in computer work. Programming languages are defined in
terms of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), usually defined by the official
language. Languages typically provide features such as a type system, variables,
and error handling mechanisms. Programs require the implementation of a
programming language, i.e., a translator or compiler. The translator executes the
source code directly, and the compiler produces the executable program.
Computer architecture has had a strong influence on the design of
programming languages, the most common type (imperential languages that
perform operations in a certain order) developed to work well in the popular
von Neumann architecture. Although the early programming languages were
closely related to hardware, over time they developed more abstracts to obscure
implementation details for greater simplicity.
Thousands of programming languages, often classified as imperative,
functional, logical, or object-oriented, have been developed for a variety of uses.
Many aspects of designing a programming language involve mutual agreements
– for example, exception handling makes it easier to manage errors, but the cost
of operating. Programming language theory is a subfield of computer science
that studies the design, implementation, analysis, description, and classification
of programming languages.
In conclusion, Nowadays programming technologies are expected to be able
to advance further. There are innovations in the fields of artificial intelligence,
data analytics, web programming, mobile applications, and IoT (Internet of
Things). The history of programming has been combined with change and
development so far, and is expected to expand further in the future.
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