The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical
Engineering
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
9-13
10.37547/tajabe/Volume07Issue07-02
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
31 May 2025
ACCEPTED
29 June 2025
PUBLISHED
31 July 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue07 2025
CITATION
Uzaqbergenov Ulug’ bek Tanatar ugliAkbaraliyev Islombek
Rakhimberdievich, & Uzaqbergenov Ulugbek Tanatar ugli. (2025). Influence
of sowing schemes on the fixibility of export-propected varieties of apple
on different weldings depending on the climatic conditions of the republic
of karakalpakstan. The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical
Engineering, 7(07), 9
–
13.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume07Issue07-02
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Influence of sowing
schemes on the fixibility of
export-propected varieties
of apple on different
weldings depending on
the climatic conditions of
the republic of
karakalpakstan
Akbaraliyev Islombek Rakhimberdievich
Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Deputy Director for
Research and Innovation of the Tashkent Scientific-Experimental Station
of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking
named after Academician Makhmud Mirzaev, Uzbekistan
Uzaqbergenov Ulugbek Tanatar ugli
Junior researcher, Deputy Director for Research and Innovation of the
Karakalpak Scientific Experimental Station of the M. Mirzaev Research
Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
In 2025, experiments were conducted on an
area of 0.15 hectares at the Қорақалпоқ Scientific and
Experimental Station of the Academician M.M.Mirzaev
Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and
Winemaking. The yield and growth of apple varieties
grafted on MM-106, M-IX, MM-111 and seed grafts with
60x15 cm, 80x10 cm, and 50x20 cm grafting schemes
were studied, and the degree of influence of bud
grafting on the planting scheme and grafts was
determined.
Keywords:
Graft, dominant apple, variety, bud graft,
vegetation, observations.
Introduction:
Gross volume of apple production
worldwide today
80.5 million tons, the leading positions are occupied by
China (44.45 million tons, respectively), the USA (4.65
million tons), Poland (3.60 million tons) and Turkey (2.93
million tons). In countries that occupy the first places in
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
the world in the cultivation and export of apples, about
90-95% of apple orchards are grown in intensive
orchards based on dwarf rootstocks. In these
countries, in order to further intensify intensive apple
orchards (using super dwarf rootstocks, studying
meadow-like braided orchards), in-depth scientific
research is being conducted on the cultivation of
environmentally friendly products, the production of
new competitive varieties with high yields, high-quality
fruits, and resistance to environmental stress factors.
In the Action Strategy for the further development of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, this issue is also defined as
one of the priority areas - the propagation of weakly
growing seedlings in local conditions and the
organization of their delivery to farmers. However, in
practice, since the main part of such seedlings is so far
imported from foreign countries, the development of
the national seedling industry and the establishment of
technologies for growing weakly growing seedlings
adapted to the local climate is of great importance.
In the Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. UP-60 "On the
Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-
2026," special attention is paid to "increasing the
income of dekhkans and farmers by at least 2 times
through the intensive development of agriculture on a
scientific basis, bringing the annual growth of
agriculture to at least 5 percent, especially by 2026
bringing the volume of food products to 7.4 million
tons, the level of processing of fruits and vegetables to
28 percent," based on the main indicators and
indicators, it is planned to increase the area of seed
orchards from 11,634 hectares to 10% in 2022, 15% in
2025, and 18% in 2030. In this regard, expanding the
range of fruit varieties in Uzbekistan, selecting high-
yielding varieties, and improving the technology of
growing their seedlings is a relevant scientific
direction.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Today, in many countries where agriculture is
developed on an industrial basis, fruit orchards are
created mainly on weakly growing rootstocks.
Consequently, in countries with a developed
horticultural industry, such as England, France, Italy,
the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and Spain, about
72-87% of orchards of fruit plants are created on
weakly growing rootstocks. In recent years, 40-50% of
seed orchards in the USA have been transplanted to
dwarf rootstocks.
As one of the important elements of varietal
agricultural techniques in apple cultivation, N.Ya.
Asaliev and O.A. Khlustova [1, 19-20-p] demonstrate
the correct selection of the rootstock. They studied the
potential productivity of apple varieties such as
Jonathan, Golden Delicious, Mekintosh, Jonared, Kidz
Orange Red, Royal Red Delicious, and Korey on the M-IV
rootstock in the central horticultural region of Stavropol
Krai. As a result of the collected economic indicators, the
feasibility of cultivating the Golden Delicious and Korean
varieties on the M-IV rootstock was proven. On this
rootstock, their yield, yield of standard fruits, and crown
productivity (average yield per 1 m3 of crown - 9.4 and
14.2 kg) were high. These varieties yielded a stable
harvest even in unfavorable weather conditions.[1, 19-
20-p].
Shi Biying, in his scientific and practical research, studied
the morpho-biological characteristics of the Golden
Delicious apple variety depending on various rootstocks,
the level of agrotechnical practices, and the necessary
agrotechnical measures (shape, planting scheme, etc.).
Based on research, the most optimal cultivation
parameters for this variety have been scientifically
substantiated [2, pp. 59-64].
A.R. Rasulov in a 12-year-old garden on 7 medium-
growing rootstocks
The state of 9 apple varieties (M-II, M3, M-IV, M5, M-VII,
MM106 and SK1) was studied. The highest productivity
of the varieties on the M-IV rootstock ranged from 12.7
t/ha (variety Royal Red Delicious) to 23.4 t/ha (variety
Alpinist). SK1 came in second, M-VII in third. The M-IV
and SK1 rootstocks were not only more productive than
other medium-growing rootstocks, but also produced
high-quality fruit. The disadvantage of the MM106
rootstock is the tendency of the grafted varieties to sag.
[3; 110-114-p.].
According to M.P. Tarasenko [4, p. 188], there are
currently several types of intensive bonds: 1. On strong
(seed) and weakly growing (clone) rootstocks with
different shapes of branches; 2. Super intensive
orchards; 3. Spur bonds; 4. Meadow gardens; 5. Column
gardens. Old technologies of extensive horticulture no
longer meet the requirements of modern intensive
horticulture, since today intensive fruit cultivation
requires obtaining maximum and high-quality fruits per
unit of garden area.
METHODS
Experiments were conducted in 2025 on 0.10 hectares
of land at the Karakalpak Scientific Experimental Station
of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and
Winemaking named after Academician Makhmud
Mirzaev.
The experiments were conducted on the basis of the
"Method and Program for the Study of Varieties of Fruit,
Berry, and Nut Plants" (Orel 1999), developed by the All-
Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Selection, and
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
the determination of the dynamics of rootstocks,
seedlings, and annual branches was carried out
according to the methods of V.L. Vitkovsky [3; 10-18 p].
IMAGINATION AND RESULTS
When propagating column-shaped apple varieties, the
optimal planting scheme, as well as the indicators of
apple rootstocks MM-106, MIX, MM-111 and seed
rootstocks, were determined, and the history of their
origin, their adaptation to the conditions, and their
adaptation to the natural and climatic conditions of the
republic, as well as their agrobiological characteristics,
were studied.
In apple varieties grafted onto the MM-106 apple
rootstock planted in the first field of the nursery in the
third month of spring, the adhesion of small rootstocks
and the percentage of adhesion, as well as the
diameter and height of their trunks, were studied.
Our observations showed that the Ostankino and
Prezident apple varieties, attached to the MM-106
rootstock, planted according to the 60x15 planting
scheme, differed from other varieties in their
resistance and development of the aerial part. That is,
out of 200 cases, 148-149 were caught, which
amounted to 74-74.5%. The circumference of the div
was 12-13 mm, and the height was 78.5-80.1 cm.
In the Medok apple variety, the number of fruits was
less than in other varieties, that is, 130 out of 200
fruits, which amounted to 65%. Body diameter
9 mm, and the height was 63.5 cm.
In the Vasyugan, Senator, Triumf, Jin, and Valyuta
apple varieties, the above indicators were average, i.e.,
spring clustering was 138-146%, which amounted to
69-73%. The div diameter was 10-11 mm, and the
average height ranged from 68.3 cm to 75.4 cm.
The Senator and Jin apple varieties, attached to the
MM-106 rootstock, planted according to the 80x10
planting scheme, differed from other varieties in their
resistance and development of the aerial part. That is,
142 out of 200 caught the disease, which constituted
71%. The circumference of the div was 11 mm, and
the height was 77.8-78.3 cm.
In the Vasyugan apple variety, the number of fruits was
less than in other varieties, that is, 129 out of 200,
which amounted to 64.5%. The div diameter was 8
mm, and the height was 65.1 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, that is, spring clustering was 133-136,
which amounted to 66.5-68%. The div diameter was
9-10 mm, and the average height ranged from 68.9 cm
to 73.5 cm.
The Jin apple variety, attached to the MM-106
rootstock, planted according to the 50x20 planting
scheme, differed from other varieties in its adhesion
and development of the aerial part. That is, 142 out of
200 caught the disease, which amounted to 71%. The
circumference of the div was 12 mm, and the height
was 79.3 cm.
1 table
The Triumf apple variety, attached to the M-IX rootstock
and planted according to the 80x10 planting scheme,
differed from other varieties in its resistance and
development of the above-ground part. That is, 152 out
of 200 caught it, which amounted to 76%. The
circumference of the div was 12 mm, and the height
was 76.6 cm.
In the Ostankino apple variety, the number of fruits was
less than in other varieties, that is, 132 out of 200 fruits,
which amounted to 66%. The div diameter was 8 mm,
and the height was 65.7 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, i.e., spring clustering was 139-148, which
amounted to 69.5-74%. Body diameter was 9-11 mm,
and average height ranged from 70.6 cm to 74.5 cm.
The Triumf apple variety, attached to the M-IX rootstock
and planted according to the 80x10 planting scheme,
differed from other varieties in its resistance and
development of the above-ground part. That is, 152 out
of 200 caught it, which amounted to 76%. The
circumference of the div was 12 mm, and the height
was 76.6 cm.
In the Ostankino apple variety, the number of fruits was
less than in other varieties, that is, 132 out of 200 fruits,
which amounted to 66%. The div diameter was 8 mm,
and the height was 65.7 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, i.e., spring clustering was 139-148, which
amounted to 69.5-74%. Body diameter was 9-11 mm,
and average height ranged from 70.6 cm to 74.5 cm.
The Ostankino apple variety, attached to the M-IX
rootstock and planted according to the 50x20 planting
scheme, differed from other varieties in its adhesion
and development of the above-ground part.
Apple
varietie
si
Number
of grafted
seedlings,
pcs.
15.10.2024
status
25.05.2025 status
Quantity
of
catches,
Consist
ency, %
Quantity
of
catches,
Consis
tency,
%
Plant
div
diameter,
Plant
heigh
t, cm
The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical
Engineering
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
pieces
pieces
mm
MM -106 varieties of apples grafted on the graft
(planting scheme 60x15 CM)
Vasyugan
200
182
91
145
72,5
11
75,2
Medok
200
167
83,5
130
65
9
63,5
Prezident
200
185
92,5
148
74
12
78,5
Djin
200
185
92,5
146
73
11
75,4
Triumf
200
176
88
138
69
10
68,3
Senator
200
181
90,5
144
72
10
69,7
Valyuta
200
181
90,5
143
71,5
10
68,8
MM -111 Apple varieties grafted onto a rootstock
(planting scheme 50x20 cm)
Vasyugan
200
166
83
129
64,5
8
65,1
Medok
200
172
86
135
67,5
9
68,9
Prezident
200
170
85
133
66,5
8
70,6
Djin
200
183
91,5
142
71
11
78,3
Triumf
200
172
86
136
68
10
71,6
Senator
200
181
90,5
142
71
11
77,8
Valyuta
200
175
87,5
135
67,5
9
73,5
M–IX varieties of apples grafted on the graft
(planting scheme 80x10 centimeters)
Vasyugan
200
172
86
135
67,5
10
74,1
Medok
200
174
87
136
68
10
66,8
Prezident
200
172
86
132
66
11
78,6
Djin
200
182
91
142
71
12
79,3
Triumf
200
178
89
138
69
10
74,6
Senator
200
169
84,5
129
64,5
9
64,8
Valyuta
200
171
85,5
131
65,5
10
72,5
In the Senator apple variety, the number of fruits was
less than in other varieties, that is, 129 out of 200
fruits, which amounted to 64.5%. Body diameter
9 mm, and the height was 64.8 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, that is, spring clustering was 131-138,
which amounted to 65.5-69%. The div diameter was
10-11 mm, and the average height ranged from 66.8
cm to 74.6 cm.
In apple varieties grafted onto the M-IX apple
rootstock planted in the first field of the nursery in the
third month of spring, the adhesion of small rootstocks
and the percentage of adhesion, as well as the
diameter and height of their trunks, were studied.
Our observations showed that the Vasyugan and Jin
apple varieties, attached to the M-IX rootstock,
planted according to the 60x15 planting scheme,
differed from other varieties in their resistance and
development of the above-ground part. That is, out of
200 cases, 148-149 were infected, which amounted to
74-74.5%. The circumference of the div was 11 mm,
and the height was 75.2-76.4 cm.
The President apple variety had less fruit than other
varieties, that is, 120 out of 200 fruits, which amounted
to 60%. The div diameter was 8 mm, and the height
was 61.2 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, that is, the spring captivity was 129-146
units, which amounted to 65.5-73%. The div diameter
was 9-10 mm, and the average height ranged from 64.5
cm to 69.9 cm.
The Triumf apple variety, attached to the M-IX
rootstock, planted according to the 80x10 planting
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
scheme, differed from other varieties in its resistance
and development of the above-ground part. That is,
152 out of 200 caught it, which amounted to 76%. The
circumference of the div was 12 mm, and the height
was 76.6 cm.
In the Ostankino apple variety, the number of fruits
was less than in other varieties, that is, 132 out of 200
fruits, which amounted to 66%. The div diameter was
8 mm, and the height was 65.7 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, i.e., spring clustering was 139-148,
which amounted to 69.5-74%. The div diameter was
9-11 mm, and the average height ranged from 70.6 cm
to 74.5 cm.
The Ostankino apple variety, attached to the M-IX
rootstock, planted according to the 50x20 planting
scheme, differed from other varieties in its adhesion
and development of the above-ground part.The Triumf
apple variety, attached to the M-IX rootstock, planted
according to the 80x10 planting scheme, differed from
other varieties in its resistance and development of the
above-ground part. That is, 152 out of 200 caught it,
which amounted to 76%. The circumference of the
div was 12 mm, and the height was 76.6 cm.
In the Ostankino apple variety, the number of fruits
was less than in other varieties, that is, 132 out of 200
fruits, which amounted to 66%. The div diameter was
8 mm, and the height was 65.7 cm.
In the remaining apple varieties, the above indicators
were average, i.e., spring clustering was 139-148,
which amounted to 69.5-74%. The div diameter was
9-11 mm, and the average height ranged from 70.6 cm
to 74.5 cm.
The Ostankino apple variety, attached to the M-IX
rootstock, planted according to the 50x20 planting
scheme, differed from other varieties in its adhesion
and development of the above-ground part. (1- table).
CONCLUSION
Our observations showed that the Vasyugan and Jin
apple varieties, attached to the M -IX rootstock,
planted according to the 60x15 planting scheme,
differed from other varieties in their resistance and
development of the above-ground part. That is, out of
200 cases, 148-149 cases were detected, which
amounted to 74-74.5%. The circumference of the div
was 11 mm, and the height was 75.2-76.4 cm.
When studying the survival rate of apple varieties
grafted onto apple seed rootstocks according to the
60x15 cm planting scheme, the survival rate of the
President and Jin apple varieties was higher compared
to other varieties and amounted to 87.5-89%.
In the Vasyugan variety, the number of stem-shaped
apples was less than in other varieties, that is, 129 out
of 200, which amounted to 64.5%. The div diameter
was 8 mm, and the height was 65.1 cm.
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