THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN
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VOLUME 06 ISSUE08
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 14-08-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume06Issue08-04
PAGE NO.: - 17-20
BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CHEMICAL
PREPARATIONS AGAINST THE MAIN
DISEASES OF PINE
Nafasov Zafar Nurmahmadovich
Doctor of agricultural sciences, senior researcher, Head of the laboratory Plant Protection and
Quarantine Research Institute, 111215, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Obidjanov Dilshod Axmed Xuja ugli
Doctor of agricultural sciences, senior researcher, Head of the laboratory Plant Protection and
Quarantine Research Institute, 111215, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Allayarov Nodirjon Jo‘rayevich
Senior researcher, Plant Protection and Quarantine Research Institute, 111215, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan
Muminov Mansur Shodikulovich
Doctor of philosophy of agricultural sciences, Research Institute of Quarantine and Plant
Protection, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Xoshimova Dilnoza Karimjonovna
Doctoral student (PhD), Plant Protection and Quarantine Research Institute, 111215, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
Plant diversity is an important life source, actual
and potential resource for all countries. Plants are
important in the sustainable development of
society, in solving its economic, cultural, aesthetic
and ecological needs.
In the climatic conditions of our republic, the
spread of diseases that harm conifers and the
environmentally safe control measures against
them have not been sufficiently studied. Coniferous
trees are mainly distributed in mountainous and
densely populated urban areas. If we take into
account the limited possibilities of using highly
toxic insecticides from an environmental point of
view in carrying out measures to protect them due
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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to their strong damage by diseases, it is of great
scientific and practical importance to carry out
scientific and research work directed to the above
problems. It is important to develop the theoretical
and practical basis for the cultivation of conifer
species new to the climatic conditions of
Uzbekistan and protection from their main
diseases.
In the conditions of our republic, pine trees and
seedlings are affected by phomeosis the causative
agent is (Phoma eguttulata), needle cast
(Lophodermium seditiosum, Phacidium infestans,
Hypodermella sulcigena, Nerpotrichia nigra). If
these diseases are not dealt with in time, pines may
lose their decorativeness and even completely dry
out.
This year‘s research was carried out in Jizzakh
region, Zomin district, in the area of Zomin nature
park intended for economic activity, Duplet TT,
22,5% em.c. the drug was tested on the study of the
biological effectiveness of pine against phamosis
and needle cast diseases in eldar, common and
Crimean species.
Chemical treatments were carried out using a
motorized hand sprayer at the expense of 1000
liters of working fluid. The experiments were
carried out from 8 to 10 in the morning, when the
air temperature was 24 0C and the wind speed was
equal to 1 m/sec. The scale for assessing the degree
of damage to pine needles with fomosis and needle
cast:
0 - healthy leaves;
1 - individual spots on the leaf surface occupy up to
1% of the leaf surface;
2 - individual spots on the leaf surface occupying 1-
10% of the leaf surface;
3 - 15-25% of the leaf surface is infected;
4 - 26-50% of the leaf surface is infected;
5 - 50% of the leaf surface is infected, the spots
coalesce and are covered with a dark coating of
spores.
The scale for assessing the damage of shoots with
phomos, needle cast's disease:
0 - healthy branches;
1 - small spots, rare small spots;
2 - spots small, isolated, tested;
3 - single spots (2-3) up to 5 mm in diameter, with
a light coating of sporulation, tested;
4 - a significant number of spots, large (5-10 mm),
joining, with a dark coating of sporulation, there
may be cracks;
5 - numerous spots, large (10 mm), united, with a
dark coating of sporulation, with deep cracks.
The percentage of development of the disease is
determined using the following formula:
П =
Э (а·б)·100
Н·К
П
- percentage of disease progression, %;
Э (а
·
б)
- the sum of the number of affected
plants (a) multiplied by the corresponding damage
indicator (s);
Н
- total number of counters;
К
- the highest damage rating on the scale.
The biological effectiveness of the drugs was
calculated based on the disease development index
Б. Э =
Пк−По
Пк
х100
Б. Э
.- biological efficiency, %;
П
к
- the development of the disease in
control, %;
По
- disease progression in the experiment,
%.
Implementation of experiments, subsequent
records and calculation of biological efficiency
were carried out based on the "Methodological
instructions..." (2004) approved by the State
Chemical Commission of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. Since the effectiveness of the drugs
depends on the time of treatment, that is, on the
state of the disease, we performed 1 treatment.
Treated with a motorized hand sprayer against
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diseases.
Duplet TT, 22,5% em.c. the table 1 shows the
results of the test to determine the biological
effectiveness of the drug (125 g/l tebuconazole +
100 g/l triadimefon) against the disease of pine. It
can be seen from the table that when the drug was
used at the rate of 0,5 l/ha, the biological efficiency
was 84,7% on the 14th day of the calculation. These
obtained results are in the form of Score, 25% em.c.
it is close to the indications of the drug when it is
used at the consumption rate of 0,3 l/ha and was as
follows. Here, on the 14th day of the calculation, the
biological efficiency was 85,5%.
Table 1
Intensity and biological efficiency of pine with phomosis disease
(Production experience against pine phomos disease in Zomin district, Jizzakh region,
2022-2024.)
Options
Drug
consumption
rate, l/ha
Incidence (%)
Biological
efficiency, %
Disease
Disease
progression
Duplet ТТ, 22,5 % em.c.
0,5
9,29
1,8
84,7
Skor, 25 % em.c. (template)
0,3
10,1
1,5
85,5
Control (unprocessed)
-
9,1
11,1
-
Duplet TT, 22,5% em.c. test results to determine
the biological effectiveness of pine against Needle
cast's disease it is presented in table 2. It can be
seen from the table that when the drug was used at
the rate of 0,5 l/ha, the biological efficiency was
83,8% on the 14th day of the calculation. These
obtained results are model Score, 25% em.c. It is
close to the indications of the drug when it is used
at the consumption rate of 0,3 l/ha and was as
follows. Here, on the 14th day of the calculation, the
biological efficiency was 85,2%.
Table 1
Intensity and biological efficiency of pine with Needle cast disease
(Production experience of pine against Schütte disease in Zomin district, Jizzakh
region, 2022-2024.)
Options
Drug
consumption
rate, l/ha
Incidence (%)
Biological
efficiency, %
Disease
Disease
progression
Duplet ТТ, 22,5 % em.c.
0,5
6,1
1,2
83,8
Skor, 25 % em.c. (template)
0,3
8,2
1,5
85,2
Control (unprocessed)
-
8,8
9,1
-
In short, Duplet TT is 22,5% em.k. it was
recommended to use the drug in the rate of 0,5 l/ha
twice a year during the growth period against
phomoza and Schütte diseases.
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