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THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ISSN
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VOLUME 06 ISSUE08
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 14-08-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume06Issue08-03
PAGE NO.: - 13-16
BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF HELITEC IN
COMBATING TOMATO PESTS
Baxodirov Ulugbek Zokirjon o’gli
Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection Research, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
With the growing global population, the demand
for food products, including vegetables, is steadily
increasing. This necessitates the expansion of
tomato cultivation, which is one of the most
consumed vegetables, and requires improving its
yield and protecting the crops from harmful
organisms. Ensuring the production of high-quality
tomatoes that meet international standards is
crucial. To meet the population's demand for food
and produce environmentally clean products that
can compete in global markets, experts in the field
are implementing various measures.
In Uzbekistan, like in many parts of the world, there
is a high demand for tomatoes. Consequently, it is
imperative to develop effective pest control
methods to protect tomato crops from damage.
Tomatoes are affected by various pests, with the
cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) being one
of the primary threats. This pest causes significant
damage to tomato crops globally and in Uzbekistan.
Efforts are ongoing worldwide and locally to
manage and reduce the population of this pest.
According to global data from the United Nations,
over 30% of agricultural products are lost to
harmful organisms annually, with this figure
reaching 50% in underdeveloped countries. This
highlights the critical importance of plant
protection in agricultural production. Timely and
effective pest control measures can result in higher
and better-quality yields from vegetable and other
crops, thereby enhancing economic efficiency .
The utilization of highly effective and safe
microbiological preparations for the biological and
ecological management of agriculture is a priority
in the development of the agro-industrial complex
of the Russian Federation. Current research in
biological
plant
protection
involves
interdisciplinary approaches, including the mass
rearing and use of entomophages and acariphages
and evaluating the conservation of natural
beneficial insects.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) In Nepal,
tomato cultivation ranks third among the most
important vegetable crops. It is grown on 21,389
hectares, producing 400,674 tons with a yield of
18.73 tons per hectare (MoAD, 2016). Additionally,
tomato cultivation in Nepal has high potential for
providing income and employment for small
farmers. However, various biotic and abiotic
factors hinder tomato cultivation. The main pests
of tomatoes include the cotton bollworm
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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(Helicoverpa armigera), the leaf miner fly
(Liriomyza trifolii), and the tobacco whitefly
(Bemisia tabaci), which spreads viruses in
tomatoes. Furthermore, the tomato leaf miner
(Tuta absoluta) appeared in Nepal in 2016, causing
significant losses.
From 2021 to 2023, in the conditions of Andijan
region, pests belonging to the Lepidoptera order,
such as the cotton bollworm, tomato leaf miner, fall
armyworm, and the potato tuber moth, seriously
damaged crops like tomatoes, eggplants, and bell
peppers. The tomato leaf miner not only heavily
infests tomatoes but also damages eggplants and
bell peppers. Experiments with the Altacor 35WG
pesticide showed a 90% biological effectiveness
against members of the Lepidoptera order.
Before combating pest insects in crops belonging to
the Solanaceae family, it is crucial to thoroughly
study their bioecological characteristics, which
accounts for 50% of the success in controlling these
pests. Under greenhouse conditions, the threshold
for initiating pest control measures against the
cotton bollworm is 6 larvae per 100 plants, making
it worthwhile to start control measures from this
point.
METHODS
The research utilized commonly accepted methods
in entomology and agricultural entomology
(Bondorenko, 1982; Murodov, 1986) as well as
methodological guidelines (2004) and Abbot's
formula for calculations.
RESULTS
Laboratory experiments were conducted at the
Andijan branch of the Plant Quarantine and
Protection Research Institute and the Central
Phytosanitary Laboratory of the Plant Quarantine
and Protection Agency, Andijan branch. Field
experiments were carried out at the Vegetable,
Melon, and Potato Research Institute in Andijan
district, Andijan region. Our experiment consisted
of 5 variants and 4 repetitions: the first variant was
the control, the second variant used the
biopreparation Havir (Helicoverpa Armigera
virus), and the 3rd, 4th, and 5th variants used the
biopreparation Helitec (Helicoverpa armigera NPV
–
8% with 5x10¹² polyhedra per liter) at
application rates of 0.25 L/ha, 0.3 L/ha, and 0.33
L/ha. For laboratory experiments, Petri dishes and
plastic containers were used. Containers were
thoroughly washed and disinfected, then filled with
larvae of different ages collected from the field.
Each container was sprayed with Helitec at the
aforementioned rates. To create favorable
conditions for the action of the microbial agent, the
containers were placed in a special Memmert
thermostat set at 25
℃
and 60% relative humidity.
The containers were covered with lids with small
holes for air circulation and observed on days 3, 7,
and 14 (Table 1.).
Table 1
Biological effectiveness of Helitec biological preparation against cotton
bollworm larvae in tomatoes.
Laboratory experiments: (Andijan regional branch, 2023) Table 1
№
Field
Experiments:
For
reference
l/ha
The
number of
larvae
before
processing,
pcs
The number of larvae
after processing, pcs
(alive)
Biological efficiency
%
3
7
14
3
7
14
1 Control
-
10
10
10
10
-
-
-
2
Havir,
(
Helicoverpa
Armigera
) em.k.
0,3
10
7,3
5,8
4,1
27
42
59
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3
Helitec
(
Helicoverpa
armigera NPV
)
em.k.
0,25
10
8,1
6,4
5,7
19
36
43
4
Helitec
(
Helicoverpa
armigera NPV
)
em.k.
0,3
10
7,2
5,5
3,9
28
45
61
5
Helitec
(
Helicoverpa
armigera NPV
)
em.k.
0,33
10
4,7
2,6
1,4
53
74
86
From the data in the table above, it can be seen that
3 days after the experiment, when the Petri dishes
and plastic containers were checked, an average of
7.3 larvae remained alive in Variant 2 compared to
the control, with a biological efficiency of 27%. In
Variant 3, an average of 8.1 pest larvae remained
alive, with a biological efficiency of 19%. In Variant
4, an average of 7.2 pest larvae remained alive,
showing a biological efficiency of 28%. In Variant 5,
an average of 4.7 pest larvae remained alive,
resulting in a biological efficiency of 53%. The
containers were then placed back in the
thermostat.
7 days after the experiment, when the Petri dishes
and plastic containers were checked, an average of
5.8 pest larvae remained alive in Variant 2
compared to the control, with a biological
efficiency of 42%. In Variant 3, an average of 6.4
pest larvae remained alive, with a biological
efficiency of 36%. In Variant 4, an average of 5.5
pest larvae remained alive, showing a biological
efficiency of 45%. In Variant 5, an average of 2.6
pest larvae remained alive, resulting in a biological
efficiency of 74%. The containers were then placed
back in the thermostat.
14 days after the experiment, when the Petri dishes
and plastic containers were checked, an average of
4.1 pest larvae remained alive in Variant 2
compared to the control, with a biological
efficiency of 59%. In Variant 3, an average of 5.7
pest larvae remained alive, with a biological
efficiency of 43%. In Variant 4, an average of 3.9
pest larvae remained alive, showing a biological
efficiency of 61%. In Variant 5, an average of 1.4
pest larvae remained alive, resulting in a biological
efficiency of 86%.
When we applied the Havir (Helicoverpa Armigera
virus) biopesticide at a rate of 0.25 l/ha in
laboratory conditions, it formed 59% biological
efficiency. In the laboratory conditions, when the
Helitec (Helicoverpa armigera NPV
–
8% 1 liter
contains 5x10^12 polyhedra) biopesticide was
tested at rates of 0.25-0.33 l/ha, it resulted in 43%
efficiency at 0.25 l/ha, 61% at 0.3 l/ha, and 86% at
0.33 l/ha.
Using this pesticide against tomato fruit borer
achieved good biological efficiency in controlling
the pest population, reducing their numbers, and
being considered safe for humans and tomato
production. Its use during any stage of plant
growth distinguishes it from chemical pesticides.
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