The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
133-141
10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue05-11
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
16 March 2025
ACCEPTED
12 April 2025
PUBLISHED
14 May 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue05 2025
CITATION
D.M. Mukhammadiev, Kh.A. Akhmedov, & B.Kh. Primov. (2025).
Experimental study of kinematics of raw cotton roller of saw gin with
shelling chamber. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology,
7(05), 133
–
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue05-11
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Experimental study of
kinematics of raw cotton
roller of saw gin with
shelling chamber
D.M. Mukhammadiev
Institute of Mechanics and Seismic Stability of Structures named after
M.T.Urazbaev, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan
Kh.A. Akhmedov
Institute of Mechanics and Seismic Stability of Structures named after
M.T.Urazbaev, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan
B.Kh. Primov
Institute of Mechanics and Seismic Stability of Structures named after
M.T.Urazbaev, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The article presents the results of an
experimental study of the rotation frequency of the raw
roller of the saw gin with huller roll box depending on
the performance of the saw gin, the distance from the
top of the grate to the horizontal axis of the saw cylinder
and the position of the comb.
Setting the location of the bat in the video, determine
the angle and time of recording the video frame.
Knowing the time difference and the angle of motion of
the bat, determine the angular velocity of the raw roller.
To do this, use the program "Windows Movie Maker" for
time-lapse recording of drawings in the format "*.png",
and to determine the angle of finding the bat use the
program "COMPASS".
To study the kinematics of the raw roller of saw gin with
a peeling chamber, experimental studies were carried
out using a full factorial experiment of type 23
depending on the performance of the gin (X1), the
distance from the top of the grate to the horizontal axis
of the saw cylinder (X2) and the position of the comb
(X3), since these parameters affect the rotation
frequency of the raw roller.
In the pilot study used a cotton variety With 6524 grade
I, class 2, 8.19% humidity and 3.68% of the debris
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according to the scheme: double-drum peg line feeder
the working chamber 30 of the saw gin mill chamber
(working chamber Volume is reduced by 30% relative
to the serial Gina 5DP-130).
As a result, it was found that with increasing angle of
the comb and the distance from the top of the grate to
the horizontal axis of the saw cylinder, the rotational
speed of the raw roller increases, and decreases with
increasing gin productivity.
Keywords:
Cotton cleaning, machine, gin, working
chamber, grate, saw cylinder, shaft, circular blade,
gasket, seed comb, angle, raw cotton roller, rotation,
kinematics, productivity.
Introduction:
Cotton ginning plants widely use
machines and units manufactured by engineering
plants in Uzbekistan and the USA; under American
patents, they are manufactured in India and China [1-
8]. The practice of using US cotton ginning machines at
domestic enterprises has shown their low efficiency,
high cost of manufacture and operation since they
have complex design units and mechanisms.
Research into the design of the working chambers of
saw gins has shown that feeding raw cotton to the saw
cylinder as the raw cotton roller increases the power
consumption of the saw cylinder of the working
chamber and leads to high wear of the ribs and saw
blades [9-16].
The ginning process is hidden from direct observation
due to specific conditions (the rapidity of the process,
the design of the gin, etc.), therefore, recording
devices must be used to study the rotation velocity of
the raw roller.
The use of optical methods for recording movement, in
particular photography, filming, multiple exposure
methods
(strobe
photography,
cyclography,
chronophotography, etc.) significantly expanded the
understanding of the movement pattern of the working
parts of the saw gin. When filming the ginning process,
it is possible to repeatedly view and analyze visual
materials (photos and cinegrams).
To experimentally determine the position of the fiber
slivers captured by the saw teeth in the grate zone
(between the grate and baffle plate) and determine the
air resistance force on the sliver of fibers, strobe
photography
was
used
with
the
ST-MEI
strobotachometer and the Zenit-3M camera.
The advent of optical-electronic methods has resolved
many questions and significantly improved the quality
of information obtained. These methods are based on
converting the light from a video image into an electrical
signal. They utilize a physical phenomenon known as the
photoelectric effect, which is the ability of a substance
to emit electrons when exposed to electromagnetic
radiation, such as light. Currently, optical-electronic
methods are successfully employed in studying motion
in mechanisms, as well as in analyzing and developing
the most effective parameters.
THEORETICAL RESEARCH
Figure 1 shows a laboratory stand for video recording of
the ginning process, namely the rotation velocity of the
raw cotton roller of a saw gin with a shelling chamber.
To study the kinematics of the raw cotton roller using a
video camera, the laboratory stand shown in Fig. 1 was
made. The entire ginning process (i.e., the rotation
velocity of the raw cotton roller) was recorded by video
camera 4, since the side parts of working chamber 2 are
transparent.
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Fig. 1. Scheme of the laboratory stand for video recording of the ginning process of the working chamber of a
saw gin with a shelling chamber:
1- electric motor; 2 - working chamber of a saw gin with
a shelling chamber; 3 - horizontal axis of the center of
the raw cotton roller; 4 - video camera; 5 - tripod.
The rotation velocity of the raw cotton roller, equal to
the first derivative of the angle of rotation of pappus in
time and directed along the axis of rotation 3 according
to the right-hand screw rule is considered.
By stating the location of pappus in the video frames,
we determine the angle and time of the video frame
recording. Knowing the differences in time and angle of
the pappus movements, we determine the angular
velocity of the raw cotton roller. For this, we used the
Windows Movie Maker program for frame-by-frame
recording in the *.png format. To determine the angle
of the pappus location, we used the KOMPAS program
(Fig. 2).
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
а)
b)
Fig. 2. Frames for measuring rotation angles over time by the KOMPAS program:
a) start of point fixation; b) end of point fixation
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Figure 3 shows a saw gin with a shelling chamber. To
reduce wear of grate ribs 7, saw blades ( 320 mm), and
power consumption of saw cylinder 6, raw cotton is fed
directly to saw cylinder 6 through shelling chamber 2
using rotating throwing drum 3, under which grate
lattice 4 is installed.
To investigate the kinematics of the raw cotton roller
of the saw gin with a shelling chamber (Figures 2 - 3),
experimental studies were conducted using a full
factorial experiment of type 23 depending on the gin
productivity (X1 = 430, 645 kg/h), the distance from the
top of grate rib 5 to the horizontal axis of the saw
cylinder
6 (X2 =
58;
78
mm),
and the
position
of
the
comb
(X3
=
35 ;
50 )
since
these
parameters affect the rotation frequency of the raw
cotton roller y.
In the experimental study, cotton of the C 6524 I grade,
class 2, 8.19% of moisture content and 3.68% of
impurity was used according to the scheme: Double-
drum peg feeder working chamber 30 of a saw gin with
a shelling chamber (the volume of the working chamber
is reduced by 30% relative to the serial gin 5DP-130).
The levels of factors, in this case, represent the
boundaries of the study domain for the corresponding
technological parameter (Table 1).
Table 1. Factors, their levels and variation intervals
Factors
Lower level
Upper level
Basic level, z
0
Variation interval,
z
z
1
430
645
537.5
107.5
z
2
58
78
68
10
z
3
35
50
42.5
7.5
Let us compile the design matrix of the PFE 2
3
(Table 2), similar to the one given in [12].
Table 2. Full factorial experiment for three factors with a dummy variable
Experi
Factors in natural scale
Rotation velocity of the raw cotton roller, min
-1
Fig. 3. The working chamber of the saw gin with a shelling chamber:
1 - neck; 2 - shelling chamber; 3 - throwing drum; 4 - grate of the shelling chamber; 5
- ribs of the shelling chamber; 6 - saw cylinder; 7 – working chamber ribs; 8 –
working chamber (raw cotton roller); 9 – sensor panel
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ment
number
z
1
z
2
z
3
у
1
у
2
у
3
у
4
y
5
͞ у
n
1
-1
-1
-1
79.87
79.07
81.49
83.10
79.87
80.68
2
+1
-1
-1
76.38
75.62
77.14
77.91
74.85
76.38
3
-1
+1
-1
69.85
70.56
71.27
71.97
69.15
70.56
4
+1
+1
-1
74.42
72.93
76.65
74.42
73.68
74.42
5
-1
-1
+1
74.98
75.20
76.06
76.28
75.63
75.63
6
+1
-1
+1
80.15
80.85
81.31
81.55
80.39
80.85
7
-1
+1
+1
85.17
84.68
85.66
85.90
84.44
85.17
8
+1
+1
+1
76.36
76.58
77.46
77.68
77.02
77.02
The test showed that the experimental data are
normally distributed and homogeneous.
We check the homogeneity of the variance by
determining it using the Fisher criterion [18]. For
f
=5
for the maximum dispersion and
f
=5 for the
minimum dispersion, the tabular value of the Fisher
criterion is
F
tab
=5.05 [18].
Then, by the condition of homogeneity of
dispersions, we obtain:
05
.
5
45
.
1
267
,
0
389
,
0
2
3
2
7
=
=
=
S
S
F
рас
.
Thus, all dispersions are homogeneous, and the experiment is reproducible (Table 3).
Table 3. Experimental data processing results
Experiment
number
f
N
Empirical
variance
у
у
ˆ
%
100
ˆ
−
=
у
у
у
R
S
n
2
S
n
1
5
0.349
0.591
80.68
80.67
0.0093
2
5
0.313
0.560
76.38
76.38
0.0065
3
5
0.267
0.517
70.56
70.55
0.0213
4
5
0.297
0.545
74.42
74.41
0.0168
5
5
0.307
0.554
75.63
75.63
0.0066
6
5
0.351
0.592
80.85
80.85
0.0031
7
5
0.389
0.624
85.17
85.16
0.0147
8
5
0.318
0.564
77.02
77.01
0.0130
Sum
40
2.593
4.547
620.71
620.64
0.0913
Let us calculate the linear regression coefficients using formula given in [12]:
,
.58
77
8
1
8
1
0
=
=
=
i
i
y
b
=
−
=
=
8
1
1
,
42
.
0
8
1
i
i
y
b
=
−
=
=
8
1
2
,
8
.
0
8
1
i
i
y
b
=
=
=
8
1
3
.
08
.
2
8
1
i
i
y
b
We calculate the coefficients of pairwise interaction.
,
.65
0
8
1
8
1
2
1
12
=
−
=
=
i
i
y
x
x
b
,
31
.
0
8
1
8
1
3
1
13
=
−
=
=
i
i
y
x
x
b
,
2.22
8
1
8
1
3
2
23
=
=
=
i
i
y
x
x
b
.
-2.7
8
1
8
1
3
2
1
123
=
=
=
i
i
y
x
x
x
b
Substituting the coefficients, we obtain the regression equations for the rotation frequency of the raw cotton
roller depending on the following input parameters:
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)
3
(
7
.
2
22
.
2
31
.
0
65
.
0
08
.
2
8
.
0
42
.
0
58
.
77
3
2
1
3
2
3
1
2
1
3
2
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
y
−
+
−
−
+
−
−
=
Let us evaluate the significance of the coefficients of the regression equation (3). The reproducibility variance is
defined as:
8
2
1
8
2
8
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
......
......
f
f
f
f
S
f
S
f
S
S
восп
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
= =5
(0.349+0.313+0.267+0.297+0.307+0.351+0.389+0.318) /
40=0.324.
Let us find the values of the coefficient error variances, considering the data from [18] for k=3:
=
N
iu
восп
i
b
x
S
S
1
2
2
2
;
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
123
23
13
12
3
2
1
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
o
0.324/8=0.0405 .
We calculate the values of square errors:
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
123
23
13
12
3
2
1
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
o
0.201
We determine the errors in estimating the coefficients by the following formula:
N
S
t
b
i
b
i
=
.
Here,
t
is the tabular value of the Student's criterion;
N
is the number of experiments for
N
= 8,
t
= 2.306 [18].
164
.
0
828
.
2
/
201
.
0
306
.
2
123
23
13
12
3
2
1
0
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
.
A comparison of the absolute values of the coefficients with the corresponding confidence intervals showed that
they are all significant. We will check the adequacy of equation (3) using the Fisher criterion [18].
25
.
2
0.0023
=
0.324
0.00018
=
2
2
=
=
таб
восп
ад
рас
F
S
S
F
,
where the variance of adequacy is
)
1
(
)
(
1
2
^
2
+
−
−
=
k
N
y
y
n
S
N
ад
=
0.00075/[8-(3+1)] = 0,00019.
The tabular value of the Fisher criterion for
f = (N-1) = 7
for the variance of adequacy and
f = (n-1) = 40
for the
variance of reproducibility is [18]
F
таб
=2.25, where
N
is the number of series of experiments,
n
is the total
number of experiments.
The adequacy conditions of the mathematical model (3) are met since
F
рас
=0.0023<
F
таб
=2.25.
As a result of implementing the regression equation (2) on the computer, graphs of the change in the rotation
frequency of the raw cotton roller depending on the distance from the top of the grate to the horizontal axis of
the saw cylinder (
x
2
- Fig. 4), the productivity of the gin (x
1
- Fig. 5), and the angle of the comb position (
x
3
- Fig.
6) were constructed.
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Fig. 4. Changes in the rotation frequency of the raw cotton roller of the saw gin with a shelling
chamber depending on the distance from the top of the grate to the horizontal axis of the saw
cylinder (X
2
) and the position of the comb (X
3
) at the productivity of the gin (X
1
= 537.5 kg/hour).
Analysis of the graphs plotted in Figures 4-6
shows that:
- with an increase in the distance from the top of
the grate to the horizontal axis of the saw cylinder
from
x
2
=68 mm to 78 mm and the angle of the
comb position from
х
3
=42.5
to 50
, the rotation
frequency of the raw cotton roller increases from
y
=72 min
-1
to 81 min
-1
with a saw gin productivity
for cotton of
x
1
=430 kg/hour.
- with an increase in the productivity of the saw
gin from
x
1
=430 kg/hour to 645 kg/hour with a
comb position angle of
х
3
=47
, the rotation
frequency of the raw cotton roller decreases to
1.2 min
-1
(79.4
–
78.2).
Analysis of the change in the raw cotton roller
rotation frequency
y
over time at the saw gin
productivity for cotton
х
1
= 430 kg/hour and the
comb position angle
х
3
= 35
and 50
allowed us
to establish an increase in the raw cotton roller
rotation frequency from
y
= 68 min
-1
to 82 min
-1
.
Considering the average radius of the raw cotton
roller 0.16 m, the linear velocity of the raw cotton
roller is within 1.14-1.34 m/s.
Fig. 5. Changes in the rotation frequency of the raw cotton roller of the saw gin with a shelling
chamber depending on the gin productivity (Х
1
) and the comb position (Х
3
) at the distance of the grate top to
the horizontal axis of the saw cylinder (Х
2
= 68 mm) for kg/hour).
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
58
63
68
73
78
Rot
at
ion
fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f t
h
e r
aw
m
at
erial
ro
lle
r
(rp
m
),
m
in
-1
Х
2
, мм
Х3=35
°
Х3=41
°
Х3=47
°
Х3=50
°
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
430
485
540
595
650
Rot
at
ion
fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f t
h
e r
aw
m
at
erial
ro
lle
r
(rp
m
),
m
in
-1
Х
1
, кг/час
Х3=35
°
Х3=41
°
Х3=47
°
Х3=50
°
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Fig. 6. Changes in the rotation frequency of the raw cotton roller of the saw gin with a shelling
chamber depending on time at a gin productivity of X
1
= 430 kg/hour.
In general, the level of influence of the input parameters on the kinematics of the raw cotton roller was determined
as:
- the angle of the comb position (
х
3
) - 12.5%;
- the distance from the top of the grate to the horizontal axis of the saw cylinder (
х
2
) - 3.8%;
- gin productivity (
х
1
) - 1.5%.
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
1. The kinematics of the raw cotton roller of the saw gin
was studied using frame-by-frame analysis of video
films of the ginning process using the software products
"Windows Movie Maker" and "KOMPAS".
2. A regression equation was constructed for the
rotation frequency of the raw cotton roller y depending
on the productivity of the saw gin for cotton x1, the
distance from the top of the grate to the horizontal axis
of the saw cylinder x2, and the angle of the comb
position x3.
3. An increase in the rotation frequency of the raw
cotton roller was established with an increase in the
angle of the comb position from х3=3
5 to 50 by 9
min-1 (12.5%) and the distance from the top of the
grate to the horizontal axis of the saw cylinder from x2
= 68 mm to 78 mm by 3 min-1 (3.8%), and with an
increase in the productivity of the gin from x1 = 430
kg/hour to 645 kg/hour, it decreased by 1.2 min-1
(1.5%).
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