ENHANCING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE: ELECTRIC SCHOOL BUS V2G AS PORTABLE ENERGY SOLUTION
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of utilizing electric school buses equipped with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology as a portable energy solution to enhance community resilience during and after power outages caused by natural disasters and shortages. The first objective of this research is to advance our understanding of disaster resilience, particularly during the critical response period—from the onset of the disruption event to the stabilization of recovery efforts. The second objective is to translate fundamental insights gained from this understanding into practical applications. To achieve these objectives, the study encompasses various analyses. Firstly, economic losses resulting from power outages are quantified, providing insights into the broader impacts of energy disruptions. Additionally, the performance of power grid systems is evaluated to assess their resilience and effectiveness in responding to and recovering from adverse events. Furthermore, the study includes calculations for mobilization (response) time, crucial for assessing the timeliness and efficiency of emergency response efforts. Finally, the viability of employing electric bus V2G technology as an emergency power solution is thoroughly analyzed. This encompasses assessing factors such as response time, load recovery or supply, system performance pre- and post-recovery, and other resilience metrics. By integrating these multifaceted analyses, this research aims to offer comprehensive insights into the potential of electric school buses as a resilient energy solution for communities facing power disruptions.
Similar Articles
-
Creating A New Range Of Boots For Young Children
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology: No. 06 (2021) / Nizom Adashaliyevich Ismatullayev , Abrorjon Olimjon Ugli Homidjonov , Muhayyo Ibrohimjon Qizi Tohirova, -
CREATING INCLUSIVE SPORTS PLAYGROUNDS: STRATEGIES FOR CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology: No. 12 (2023) / Davlatova Odina Zokirjonovna, Tursunov Axrorbek Aminjon o‘g‘li, Maxkamova Muyassar Musajanovna, -
Designed For Efficiency Plan: Exploratory Investigations Of Perform Multiple Tasks Vehicle
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology: No. 09 (2020) / Nili Oxman, Yoram Anglister, Uzi Motro, -
SUMMED UP LEAD-CORROSIVE BASED BATTERY MODEL UTILIZED FOR A BATTERY THE EXECUTIVES FRAMEWORK
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology: No. 05 (2022) / Runnels R. A., -
MULTI-LEVEL NETWORK MANAGEMENT: A METHOD FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION NETWORK
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology: No. 06 (2023) / Holger Raesfeld, -
Opinion Examination: An Audit
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology: No. 09 (2021) / Amit Ray, Rajendra Prasad,
References
Balducci, P. J., Roop, J. M., Schienbein, L. A., DeSteese, J. G., and Weimar, M. R. (2002). "Electric power interruption cost estimates for individual industries, sectors, and US economy." Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA, 44.
Baik, S., Davis, A. L., & Morgan, M. G. (2018). Assessing the cost of large‐scale power outages to residential customers. Risk Analysis, 38(2), 283-296
Campbell, R. J., and Lowry, S. (2012). "Weather-Related Power Outages and Electric System Resiliency ", Congressional Research Service Washington D.C. , 18.
Congressional Research Service. (2018). "Electric reliability and power system resilience," CRS Insight, Tech. Rep., https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/IN10895.html
Emanuel, K. (2021). Atlantic tropical cyclones downscaled from climate reanalyses show increasing activity over past 150 years. Nature communications, 12(1), 1-8.
Fox-Lent, C., Bates, M. E., and Linkov, I. (2015). "A matrix approach to community resilience assessment: an illustrative case at Rockaway Peninsula." Environment Systems and Decisions, 35(2), 209-218, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-015-9555-4.
Francis, R., and Bekera, B. (2014). "A metric and frameworks for resilience analysis of engineered and infrastructure systems." Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 121, 90-103,
Hashemi, M., Jenkins, G. P., Jyoti, R., and Ozbafli, A. (2018). "Evaluating the cost to industry of electricity outages." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(7), 340-349, https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2018.1501122.
Holling, C. S. (1973). "Resilience and stability of ecological systems." Annual review of ecology and systematics, 4(1), 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245.
Hu, Y., Li, J., and Holloway, L. E. (2008). "Towards modeling of resilience dynamics in manufacturing enterprises: Literature review and problem formulation." Proc., IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE, 279-284, https://doi.org/10.1109/COASE.2008. 4626539.
Karan, E., and Asadi, S. (2018). "Quantitative modeling of interconnections associated with sustainable food, energy and water (FEW) systems." Journal of Cleaner Production, 200, 86-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.275.
Karan, Ebrahim, and Sadegh Asgari. "Resilience of food, energy, and water systems to a sudden labor shortage." Environment Systems and Decisions 41, no. 1 (2021): 63-81.
Kebede, T., Haji, J., Legesse, B., and Mammo, G. (2016). "Econometric Analysis of Rural Households’ Resilience to Food Insecurity in West Shoa, Ethiopia." Journal of Food Security, 4(3), 58-67, https://doi.org/10.12691/jfs-4-3-2.
Kemabonta, T. (2021). "Grid Resilience analysis and planning of electric power systems: The case of the 2021 Texas electricity crises caused by winter storm Uri (# TexasFreeze)." The Electricity Journal 34, no. 10 (2021): 107044.
Kennedy, G., Ballard, T., Dop, M.C., 2011. Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
Kosari, S., Walker, E. J., Anderson, C., Peterson, G. M., Naunton, M., Garg, S., & Thomas, J. (2018). Power outages and refrigerated medicines: The need for better guidelines, awareness and planning. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 43(5), 737-739.
Küfeoğlu, S., and Lehtonen, M. (2015). "Interruption costs of service sector electricity customers, a hybrid approach." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 64, 588-595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.07.046.
LaCommare, K. H., and Eto, J. H. (2006). "Cost of power interruptions to electricity consumers in the United States (US)." Energy, 31(12), 1845-1855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.02.008.
Lawton, L., Sullivan, M., Van Liere, K., Katz, A., and Eto, J. (2003). "A framework and review of customer outage costs: Integration and analysis of electric utility outage cost surveys." Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.(LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States), Berkeley, CA.
Li, H., Wert, J. L., & Cicilio, P. (2020, November). Adaptive Capacity Determination for Critical Load in Power Systems. In 2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Liddiard, R., Gowreesunker, B. L., Spataru, C., Tomei, J., & Huebner, G. (2017). The vulnerability of refrigerated food to unstable power supplies. Energy Procedia, 123, 196-203.
McJunkin, T. R., & Rieger, C. G. (2017, September). Electricity distribution system resilient control system metrics. In 2017 Resilience Week (RWS) (pp. 103-112). IEEE.
Mumby, P. J., Chollett, I., Bozec, Y.-M., and Wolff, N. H. (2014). "Ecological resilience, robustness and vulnerability: how do these concepts benefit ecosystem management?" Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 7, 22-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.021.
Nanab, C., Sansavinibc, G., Krögerc, W., and Heinimannac, H. R. (2014). "A quantitative method for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems." Proc., Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management, IAPSAM, 359-370
Ouyang, M., Dueñas-Osorio, L., and Min, X. (2012). "A three-stage resilience analysis framework for urban infrastructure systems." Structural safety, 36, 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2011. 12.004.
Phillips, T., McJunkin, T., Rieger, C., Gardner, J., & Mehrpouyan, H. (2020). An operational resilience metric for modern power distribution systems. In 2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C) (pp. 334-342). IEEE.
Phillips, T., Chalishazar, V., McJunkin, T., Maharjan, M., Alam, S. S., Mosier, T., & Somani, A. (2020, October). A metric framework for evaluating the resilience contribution of hydropower to the grid. In 2020 Resilience Week (RWS) (pp. 78-85). IEEE.
Reichl, J., Schmidthaler, M., and Schneider, F. (2013). "Power outage cost evaluation: reasoning, methods and an application." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2(1), 249-276, https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2013/3167.
US Food and Drug Administration. "Guidance for industry: Drug stability guidelines." (2008).
Vugrin, E. D., Warren, D. E., Ehlen, M. A., and Camphouse, R. C. (2010). "A framework for assessing the resilience of infrastructure and economic systems." Sustainable and resilient critical infrastructure systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 77-116.
Vugrin, E. D., Warren, D. E., and Ehlen, M. A. (2011). "A resilience assessment framework for infrastructure and economic systems: Quantitative and qualitative resilience analysis of petrochemical supply chains to a hurricane." Process Safety Progress, 30(3), 280-290, https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.10437.
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., and Kinzig, A. (2004). " Resilience, adaptability and operational solutions.
