The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
54
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
54-58
10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue01-08
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
20 October 2024
ACCEPTED
30 December 2024
PUBLISHED
30 January 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue01 2025
CITATION
N.R. Esanaliyeva, S.F. Ergashev, & N.Umaraliyev. (2025). Production and
implementation of solar-powered water heaters for consumers. The
American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(01), 54
–
58.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue01-08
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Production and
implementation of solar-
powered water heaters for
consumers
N.R. Esanaliyeva
Doctoral Student, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana,
Uzbekistan
S.F. Ergashev
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of
Electronics and Instrumentation, Fergana Polytechnic Institute,
Fergana, Uzbekistan
N.Umaraliyev
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,Department
of Electronics and Instrumentation, Fergana Polytechnic Institute,
Fergana, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The production and implementation of solar-
powered water heaters represent a significant step
toward sustainable energy solutions, particularly for
rural communities in Uzbekistan. This paper discusses
the development of an innovative solar-powered water
heating device, its technological features, and its
benefits in enhancing living conditions while reducing
environmental impact. The depletion of fossil fuels and
the associated global energy crisis necessitate a
transition to renewable energy sources (RES), such as
solar energy, which is abundant and sustainable. In line
with Uzbekistan's energy strategy, the government has
been promoting alternative energy sources (AES) to
decrease reliance on traditional fuels and increase
energy efficiency. The proposed solar-powered water
heating system leverages modern technological
advancements to maximize energy absorption and
storage, ensuring a reliable supply of hot water. This
development aligns with the nation's broader energy
policy, which emphasizes renewable energy integration
to address economic and environmental challenges. By
implementing these systems, Uzbekistan aims to
contribute to global efforts in reducing carbon
emissions and promoting sustainable energy solutions.
The study also highlights international best practices in
renewable energy adoption, offering insights into future
strategies for enhancing energy sustainability in the
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region.
Keywords:
Renewable energy sources, alternative
energy sources, solar-powered water heaters, energy
efficiency, sustainability.
Introduction:
The depletion of fossil organic fuel reserves will
inevitably lead to a global energy crisis because the
amount of traditional energy sources cannot be
considered unlimited. Solar, wind, and rivers
–
renewable energy sources (RES)
–
are considered
limitless. Such alternative energy sources (AES) reduce
the risk of dependence on traditional fuels. In
Uzbekistan's conditions, the transition to AES in all
possible situations will lead to fuel savings.
From the early years of Uzbekistan's independence,
the state leadership's energy policy has been aimed at
ensuring the country's energy security and using
national energy capabilities to solve the social and
economic problems of society. In the context of the
formation of a market-based economy, the state has
provided significant assistance to the main sectors of
the industry, in particular, to the enterprises of the fuel
and energy complex [1]. State policy in this area has
defined the main directions and goals of the energy
strategy. In this regard, new thermal power plants
(TPP) and units were built, and thousands of kilometers
of high-voltage power transmission lines were
constructed.
Modern Uzbekistan has a developed energy system.
Our country ranks among the top ten largest gas-
producing countries in the world in terms of natural
gas production volume. 50% of the power generating
capacities of the Central Asian countries' energy
systems are located in Uzbekistan [2].
Currently, the strategic tasks that the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan has set for the employees of
our country's energy sector are to identify ways to
effectively use the energy resources of nature, which is
the wealth of our people. The modern world economy
depends on oil, natural gas, coal, and other mineral
resources that have been accumulated since ancient
times. Every action, event, and occurrence in our lives:
from the birth of a person, the services provided to
them, the preparation of daily meals, to the production
of goods in industrial enterprises
–
all these processes
are related to burning this heritage - wealth. The main
problem is that this resource - valuable wealth - is non-
renewable. Sooner or later, humankind will completely
extract this wealth from the depths of the Earth and
burn it away. In such a situation, what energy sources
will the lives of future generations (and perhaps some
of us) be based on? We must also not forget the
negative ecological impact of the fuel combustion
process on nature. The increase in greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere leads to an increase in the average
temperature on our planet. The products formed during
the combustion of fuel lead to air pollution [3].
In recent years, large-scale measures have been
implemented in the economic and social sectors of the
Republic to ensure the conservation of electricity,
including the development of renewable energy
sources. The government's key decisions on increasing
energy efficiency in the Republic have approved the
targeted parameters for further development of
renewable energy sources. Accordingly, while in 2018,
90% of the generated electricity came from traditional
energy and 10% from renewable energy sources (10%
hydro), according to experts, by 2025, the share of
alternative energy sources in Uzbekistan should reach
12.7 to 19.7 percent. Within the structure of alternative
energy, the share of solar energy will reach 2.3 percent,
and the share of wind energy will reach 1.6 percent.
Also, energy savings of 9.79 million tons of standard fuel
per year are expected from the energy used for
production. By 2030, there are plans to increase the
share of alternative energy in the country's energy
sector to 30% [4]. A significant amount of experience
has been accumulated in this area in a number of
developed countries. For example, in Germany, 20
percent of the energy consumed is generated from
alternative sources, and by 2050, this figure is planned
to reach 50 percent. In Switzerland, even more - a 60
percent result is targeted [5].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Today, the widespread introduction of energy-saving
technologies and alternative energy sources into the
economy, the social sphere, and the construction
industry is a key priority of our Republic. Since 2017, a
joint project "Supporting the Development of Energy
Efficient Rural Housing Construction in Uzbekistan" has
been implemented in cooperation with the Ministry of
Construction of the Republic of Uzbekistan and with the
support of a grant from the Global Environment Facility.
Based on the above tasks, we have developed a water
heating device that provides the rural population of
Uzbekistan with improved and comfortable living
conditions, while being environmentally friendly. This
device utilizes inexpensive materials made from local
raw materials for rural areas [6,7].
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Fig. 1. The device elements
Fig. 2. The device elements
The device being claimed consists of the following
elements (Fig.1 , Fig. 2,):
1.
Solar energy collector in the form of a storage tank
filled with a liquid heat carrier
–
water.
2.
Transparent removable cap.
3.
The angle of inclination of the truncated cone, not
more than 0.9φ, where φ is the latitude of the
location.
4.
Deflectors installed inside the tank.
5.
Float, to ensure the withdrawal of water from the
upper layer.
6.
Flexible tube, for supplying hot water.
7.
External pipe, which has a valve at the other end.
8.
Shower.
9.
Spiral-shaped copper tubular deflector.
10.
Inlet/outlet of the copper tubular deflector.
Research Results:
The claimed device (Fig.1, 2)
operates as follows:
The collector is constructed in the shape of a truncated
cone with an angle of inclination of no more than 0.9φ
(3, Fig. 1), where φ is the latitude of the location. This
design effectively allows the stationary collector
surface of the water heater to track the sun, as the
conical surface is consistently oriented toward the sun.
The addition of an external spiral-shaped copper tubular
deflector, attached to the conical surface of the water
heater, significantly increases the overall circulation
speed of the heated water under solar exposure. This is
because the thermal conductivity of the copper tube
(390 W/(m·K)) is 7 to 8 times greater than the thermal
conductivity of galvanized steel (50-60 W/(m·K)), which
improves heat exchange between the heating area of
the collector and the water.[8]
Solar rays cover the entire active surface of the
collector, including the copper tube deflector. This
initiates the heating of the collector. The thermal energy
from the collector is then transferred through contact to
the water inside the collector and inside the copper
tube. Due to its high heat capacity, the copper tube
heats up actively. The tube's thermal energy is
simultaneously transferred to the water and the wall of
the collector, enabling faster accumulation of solar
thermal energy in both the collector and the water. The
water inside the tube heats up more quickly than the
water inside the collector. The resulting temperature
difference between the beginning and end of the copper
tube initiates water circulation through the copper tube.
Furthermore, the deflector located inside the collector
also initiates natural water circulation. Thus, the overall
circulation of the water is accelerated by the additional
circulation created by the external spiral-shaped copper
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The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
tube deflector (9, Fig. 2).
The proposed deflector design ensures continuous
water circulation from bottom to top when the water
level is above the end of the copper tube. When the
water level drops below the end of the copper tube,
the latter stops functioning as a deflector (9, Fig. 2) but
continues to convert solar rays into thermal energy,
and does so more effectively than the steel part of the
collector, thanks to the high heat capacity of the
copper tube. This increases heat exchange between
the collector wall and the water, thereby increasing the
heat transfer of the entire collector and achieving the
objective of the invention. The technical result
achieved with the claimed device is that the external
copper tube deflector, attached by soldering to the
water heater div, heats up faster (7-8 times) than the
metal div of the heater. Consequently, the water also
heats up faster, thus accelerating the water heating
process and improving the overall thermal
performance of the household solar water heater.The
device uses the property of a black surface, close to an
absolute "black div," to fully absorb light from the
sun and convert it into heat. The obtained heat energy
is directed to the production of hot water, which can
be used in domestic conditions. It also serves for
heating rooms. The temperature of the water in the
device's water chamber reaches 80 °C in summer and
50-60 °C in winter. In addition, in case of malfunctions,
it is easy to replace individual parts of the collector
without having to replace the whole collector (Figure
1).
The main tasks and assignments for preparing the
device are:
•
To meet the hot water needs of domestic
consumers;
•
To abandon traditional methods used for
producing hot water;
•
To reduce the use of old technologies and energy
equipment that pollute the environment;
•
To produce inexpensive devices for export from
local raw materials;
•
To establish production and create jobs;
•
To supply the primary domestic market with such
inexpensive devices and stop the import of
expensive foreign equipment;
•
To organize the production of solar water heaters
based on local materials, which will ensure:
•
The device will create additional comfort in
people's social lives;
•
It will bring economic benefits due to energy
savings;
•
It will be simple in structure and convenient for
introduction into production; and the materials
used are fully composed of local raw materials or
recycled materials.
The main global principles for introducing a specific
production, using the latest technologies and scientific
and technological progress, are based on adaptability,
the ability to calculate and monitor changes in world
prices for a specific product, and striving for quality
improvement and growth. The constant search for
alternatives, the achievement and application of simple
technological solutions, makes it possible to produce
and deliver local, affordable, and convenient devices
without losing quality parameters. Another aspect is the
ecological requirement. A strict, but also beneficial for
the manufacturer, legislative framework is designed not
only to "provide," but also to introduce privileges, and
sometimes to provide advantages and benefits. At the
legislative level, in particular in the European Union, the
growing environmental concerns and benefits have
increased interest in ecologically clean energy devices,
particularly solar devices. The implementation of the
principles of the 2015 Paris Protocol necessitates special
attention to the comparative effectiveness in terms of
CO2 emissions.
CONCLUSION
The market for solar water heaters in our country is one
of the fastest-growing segments of secondary energy
production based on renewable energy sources. The
adoption of solar-powered water heating systems
presents a promising opportunity to address energy
challenges and promote sustainability in Uzbekistan. By
leveraging renewable energy resources, the country can
reduce its dependency on fossil fuels, decrease
greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance energy
security. The successful implementation of these
technologies will not only benefit rural communities by
improving their quality of life but also contribute to
national economic development. Continued research,
investment, and policy support are essential to further
integrate solar energy solutions into the country’s
energy infrastructure. As Uzbekistan moves toward a
more sustainable energy future, the lessons learned
from this initiative can serve as a model for other
regions aiming to transition to renewable energy
sources.
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