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PUBLISHED DATE: - 15-08-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/Volume06Issue08-04
STUDY OF NEOLOGISMS FROM THE POINT
OF VIEW OF LINGUISTICS AND THEIR
INTERPRETATION IN CORPUS LINGUISTICS
Ochilbek O. Yulbarsov
Researcher, Department of Computer Linguistics, Faculty of Uzbek Philology, National
University of Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
The use of new words and the formation of a
neologism database using popular online
publications as a reference source for their use in
the textual aspect are important steps in
computational linguistics. Internet publications of
mass media are important as a practical help in
quickly finding neologisms. They can be evaluated
as a convenient source for linguistic analysis. In
addition, it serves as a scientific-theoretical
resource in the development of the field
classification of neologisms, in the creation of a
dictionary of new words, in the development of
their theoretical foundations, and in the creation of
research in the field of computer linguistics. By
creating a terminological database, the theoretical
foundations of corpus-based analysis are defined.
MAIN PART
The problem of neologisms is widely studied in
world linguistics. Research has been conducted on
the introduction of new words into the language
and their functions. Various theories of linguistics
are used in the analysis of linguistic peculiarities of
new words. D. Kerremans [1] in world linguistics
in his “A Web of New Words. A Corpus
-Based Study
of the Conventionalization Process of English
Neologisms” (New Words Network. In his book
entitled “Study of Conventionalization Process of
English Neologisms on the Basis of Corpus”), he
cites the hypotheses of why neologisms are not
included in the English lexicon and why. Explores
neologisms in the English language based on their
broad usage.
M. Elisa[2] conducts a quantitative analysis of new
words in the database. Distinguishes nonce words
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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from compound neologisms and explains how this
can contribute to the lexicalization process.
According to him, neologisms considered the
innovations in the language. In addition to being
relatively independent, they appear as neologisms
in the context, become lexicalized, that is, they are
accepted as a norm spread and established,
lexicalized and institutionalized in the language of
society.
Researcher M.A. Karnedi [3] used a corpus-based
approach in his research entitled “The translation
of neologisms: Challenges for the creation of new
terms in Indonesian using a corpus-based
approach”. Focuses on the main difficulties
encountered in the process of creating and
translating new words and terms.
According to John Simpsonm[4], linguists note that
neologisms should not only be defined as new
words when the dictionary is updated, but special
attention should be paid to the process of their
change. In addition, N. Vakhniskaya [5] and other
Russian scientists conducted linguistic studies of
neologisms.
In Uzbek linguistics, a separate scientific work
dedicated to the extensive analysis of new words
has not been researched. Scientific-theoretical
studies on new words are almost not carried out.
Despite this, little research has been conducted on
the linguistic analysis of neologisms. A number of
linguists tried to clarify the meaning of neologism
within the framework of Uzbek linguistics. In
particular, S. Rzayeva [6] conducts a comparative
study of neologisms in the corpus. That is, the
analysis of new words relies on two types of
analysis: comparing the translated text with the
original; such as comparative analysis of similar
content - parallel texts based on functional style or
genre. S. Rzayeva describes neologisms as an
integral part of the modern language. He divides
neologisms into lexical (new words), semantic
(new meanings of existing words), phraseological
(new phrases) and calka (phrases directly
translated from one language to another) types
separates. At the same time, he considers that one
of the main difficulties encountered in the
translation of neologisms is to preserve their
cultural and contextual characteristics. Because it
emphasizes that meaning can be lost or changed in
the process. In addition, Sh. Irgasheva [7] analyzed
the semantic features of the activity of neologisms
in the Internet discourse in English. Taking into
account the formation methods of neologisms, it is
possible to distinguish such groups as
phonological, semantic, acquisition and syntactic
neologisms, and it is possible to divide syntactic
neologisms into morphological and phraseological
neologisms, describes linguistic types such as
phonological neologisms, semantic neologisms,
assimilation
neologisms,
morphological
neologisms, individual stylistic neologisms.
Phonological neologism Auf
–
“great, excellent”,
Rah-rah
–
“wide short skirt”, Zizz –
“short sleep”
(imitating the sounds of a sleeping person), Buzz
–
“make a phone call” (to imitate the signal of a work
phone) Ouch! Oh!
–
crying from mild pain; Oops!
Voy!
–
to cry when someone drops something,
Bling- bling
–
“shiny metal key c
hains, necklace,
jewelry”, Sis
-boombah (American slang) spectator
sports, especially football (a syllabic word often
used by schoolboys to cheer on the players) gives
examples like, the analyzes in this article of the
linguist lead to the statistical research of modern
directions of corpus lexicography.
Researcher A. Omonov [8] touches on the new
words that are becoming popular in the Uzbek
language, and draws attention to the fact that the
compound word “mental” is becoming more and
more popular. He gives his opinion mainly about its
use in conjunction with the word arithmetic. In
addition, it tries to clarify the semantic
characteristics of words like “trend” and “hit” that
came from the English language. The linguist said
that aspects of the linguistic features of foreign
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words in the Uzbek language should be thoroughly
analyzed by dividing them into thematic groups. By
determining the linguistic, semantic, grammatical
and morphological characteristics of some foreign
words belonging to the Uzbek language, the basis
of their formation was determined.
In the scientific research of M. Nasirova[9], the
factors of the emergence of neologisms and their
lexicographical interpretation were analyzed.
According to the linguist, the creation of neologism
dictionaries is considered important for society,
analyzes the position of lexicography trends in the
creation of dictionaries on the example of
“caroneologisms”.
Continuous linguistic analysis of sectoral
neologisms in the Uzbek language can be carried
out only through the corpus. Neologisms change
under the influence of social, political and
economic factors of society. Neologisms in one or
another field are first introduced to the public as a
term by one or another researcher or by a reporter
presenting news reported in the media. Of course,
this situation raises controversial issues. Creating a
corpus of neologisms in chronological order in the
field of applied linguistics, as well as in computer
linguistics, is one of the important issues facing
today’s lingui
stics.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
As part of our research, on the basis of corpus
analysis, sectoral neologisms were formed on the
basis of texts taken from the website “Kun.uz”
published in the Uzbek language:
The published news of the Kun.uz site between
2014 and 2024 were entered into the linguistic
database as a web corpus and its token statistics
were obtained:
Technology
the world
Economy
Word
Statistics
of words
encounter
ed in the
text
Repetitio
n
statistics
in the text
Word
Statistics
of
occurrenc
es in
several
texts
How many
times it
was
repeated
Word
Statistics of
occurrences
in several
texts
Repetition
statistics
and
9516
42209 and
26739
180106 and
7993
52762
with
7478
18564 this
21676
73488 this
6143
18909
this
7339
15789 with
21438
80174 with
5810
17411
for
6615
17137 for
18946
65312 for
5249
17962
too
5109
11296 accord
ing to
16839
33889 according
to
4828
11440
new
5033
11129 one
15716
41321 organize
4477
9495
possible
4957
10081 that
15163
31017 year
4439
10347
one
4836
9440 she is
15136
40897 according
to
4235
6722
company
4832
7274 day
14812
30076 one
3784
9694
work
4821
12502 was
14498
36210 Uzbekistan
3727
10095
it
4253
7708 too
14264
52805 too
3652
12384
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noun
4073
7681 did
13832
24007 that's it
3420
6665
while
3970
6473 accord
ing to
13422
28323 was
3415
7089
was
3935
6438 his
12995
26105 while
3242
6583
his
3736
5636 own
11831
24225 state
3177
9356
according
to
3600
4995 Russia
11184
49209 work
2985
8764
company
3381
6070 agains
t
10506
23127 by
2926
5728
own
3378
5369 year
10501
24682 done
2917
6083
to be
3343
4886 that's
it
10500
19862 of the year
2905
6633
that's it
3339
4782 about
10262
22563 also
2880
4210
the most
3329
7128 possib
le
10080
22029 in
2782
6686
known
3137
3999 by
9854
17303 own
2769
5192
will be
3108
4987 did
9739
16521 and
2706
4577
that
3026
4113 also
9521
14020 did
2700
3729
present
3022
4792 presid
ent
9460
17980 past
2659
4441
about
3015
4307 take
9438
18119 current
2656
4778
did
2976
4021 while
9374
20308 to be
2652
4157
year
2940
4977 to be
9317
15604 the most
2614
5467
according
to
2927
4638 about
9066
9704 new
2596
4977
also
2893
3816 to do
9029
15891 possible
2578
6188
organize
2759
4223 messa
ge
8780
13042 this
2562
4268
this
2621
3870 head
8655
17643 relatively
2527
5394
and
2521
3609 militar
y
8323
25284 to do
2492
4889
or
2441
3925 this
8290
13168 percent
2429
6937
another
2428
3305 anothe
r
8258
14312 about
2428
2491
year
2392
4463 gave
8248
10705 take
2345
4768
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does
2330
3243 they
are
8141
15795 another
2332
4175
message
2318
2692 US
7952
24838 Dollar
2275
5443
When neologisms are analyzed through corpus
analysis, the semantics and structure of these units
are considered important in forming the linguistic
base. Linguistic analysis of the concordance of
neologisms
entering
through
online
communication and social networks helps to study
its linguistic nature.
The linguistic database of neologisms was created
on the site http://neologizm.uz/, and its functional
capabilities are as follows:
- Word
- An approximate alternative
- Explanation
- Word group
- Related field
Based on corpus analysis, data from 2014-2024
from the kun.uz site was generated by categories as
follows:
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On the basis of the base collected in the corpus, the
oral and written texts found in oral and written
texts were collected. Students’ opinions on new
concepts used in oral communication were
analyzed through questionnaires and Google Drive.
The survey questions are as follows:
sports; 30188
technology;
10922
the world; 28560
iEconomy; 9100
jSociety; 10000
Uzbekistan; 82298
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More than 300 collected words were analyzed for
their linguistic features through the AntConc
application.
This database was made on the basis of all categories on the kun.uz site.
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that the comprehensive
analysis of new words based on the corpus makes
it much more convenient for the user. In fact, as a
result of the studied research works, conducting a
real analysis of neologisms may cause some
difficulties, because it is difficult to come to a
unanimous linguistic conclusion when defining
neologisms that represent a sign of novelty. The
reason for this can be attributed to the cyclic nature
of new words. After a certain time, neologisms are
used instead of ordinary words. But the analysis of
neologisms within the framework of computer
linguistics is very effective in world linguistics. In
particular, it can be observed that the main
approaches to the analysis of corpus-based
neologisms rely on phenomena of language such as
affixation, linking of words with each other,
obsolescence. Corpus-based analysis of neologisms
reveals new processes such as semantic
mechanisms, metaphorization, metonymization,
terminology, and determinology.
REFERENCES
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Kerremans D. A Web of New Words. A Corpus-
Based Study of the Conventionalization Process
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https://doi.org/10.1515/east-2016-0007
2.
Mattiello E. A corpus-based analysis of new
English
blends.
https://doi.org/10.4000/lexis.3660
3.
Karnedi M.A. The Translation of Neologisms:
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Scientific
&
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http://www.ijser.org
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