56
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
56-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
The heart is a biological pump that moves blood through a closed system of vessels, pumping about 6 litres of blood
every minute. Age-related changes in the circulatory system in old age severely limit its adaptive capacity and create
conditions for developing diseases. In old and old people, the number of active capillaries per unit area is significantly
reduced. Tissues and organs cease to receive the nutrients and oxygen they need, leading to starvation and disease.
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in humans.
KEYWORDS
CVDs (cardiovascular disease), AH (arterial hypertension), efficacy, risk factors, prevention.
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular disease is the scourge of our time and is
the leading cause of death worldwide. No other
disease causes more deaths each year than strokes,
heart attacks, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary
thromboembolism. An estimated 17.9 million people
died from CVDs in 2016, accounting for 31 per cent of all
deaths worldwide. 85 per cent of these deaths were
due to a heart attack and stroke. Because heart and
Research Article
PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CIRCULATORY DISEASES IN OLD
AGE
Submission Date:
February 28, 2022,
Accepted Date:
March 20, 2022,
Published Date:
March 31, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJMSPR/Volume04Issue03-11
Ismatova Marguba Shaukatovna
Assistant in the Department of Physiology Samarkand State Medical Institute Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jmspr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
57
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
56-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
vascular processes are very similar, they form a group
of cardiovascular diseases. These include heart attacks
(lung, kidney, ischaemic heart disease (including
myocardial infarction), cerebrovascular disease,
peripheral artery pathology, heart defects and venous
thrombosis. To prevent such vascular disasters, timely
diagnosis and regular treatment are needed. Taking
into account the prevalence of heart diseases among
the elderly, the risk of their occurrence in young
people, the disabling «abilities» of cardiovascular
pathologies and the high mortality from them, it is
important to identify cardiovascular diseases in time,
then prescribe their competent treatment.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
To study current characteristics and prevention of
cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 40
patients aged 60 and over was performed for
cardiovascular diseases in the period 2020-2021.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
With age in each person small vessels are increasingly
«blocked» by lime deposits, and peripheral vascular
resistance increases. This leads to a slight increase in
blood pressure. Arterial hypertension (AH) remains a
major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Among the study group, AH was
overwhelmingly associated with other cardiovascular
diseases. Most patients were given combined therapy
(n=34).
However, the development of hypertension is greatly
hindered by the fact that with the reduction of the
muscle wall of the large vessels the venous beam is
widened. This leads to a reduction in the minute
volume of the heart and to an active redistribution of
peripheral blood circulation. The older you get, the
more heart fibers atrophy. The so-called «elder heart»
develops. There is progressive myocardial sclerosis,
and at the place of atrophied muscle fibers of cardiac
tissue develop fibers of non-working connective tissue.
The strength of heart reductions is gradually
decreasing, and exchange processes are increasingly
disrupted, creating conditions for energy-dynamic
heart failure under conditions of stress. Studies have
shown that aging changes the effects on the
cardiovascular system of different brain structures. In
turn, the feedback is also changing: reflexes from the
baroreceptors of large vessels are weakened. This
leads to a breakdown in blood pressure regulation. As
a result of all these processes, the physical efficiency of
the heart declines with age. This limits the range of
div reserves and reduces the efficiency of the div’s
work.
At first, heart changes are adaptive and not clinically
evident. Clinical symptoms (such as shortness of
breath) occur first at physical exertions, then tolerance
to them decreases, shortness of breath occurs at small
loads, then in peace and even lying down.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are smoking,
increased plasma cholesterol and blood pressure.
Obesity, diabetes mellitus, psychosocial stress,
excessive alcohol consumption are becoming
increasingly important. A characteristic of older
persons is a combination of disfigurement of organs
and systems, the presence of several diseases
requiring multiple prescriptions.
In order to prevent the development of cardiovascular
diseases and the development of aggravation of the
disease, it is necessary to adopt a healthy lifestyle,
which includes: physical activity, which is shown to any
patient, but its volume depends on the initial state of
58
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN
–
2689-1026)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
56-58
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
286
)
(2021:
5.
64
)
(2022:
6.
319
)
OCLC
–
1121105510
METADATA
IF
–
7.569
Publisher:
The USA Journals
health, the patient’s preparedness for physical activity,
from the presence of chronic diseases. Physical
training improves a patient’s psychological status and
increases his resistance to physical activity. Moreover,
maintaining healthy div weight, ensuring a balance
between the amount of energy consumed and physical
activity. In addition, food must be rich in vitamins,
potassium salts, magnesium, calcium. It is necessary to
learn to relax in stressful situations, as well as to have
a full sleep.
CONCLUSIONS
Reducing the risk of diseases of the circulatory system
is one of the relevant topics of modern medicine. In
order to achieve this objective, the incidence of
hypertension must be reduced through the
implementation of national policies aimed at
combating behavioural risk factors, including harmful
alcohol use, lack of physical activity, excess div
weight, obesity and high salt intake. A comprehensive
risk-based approach is needed for the early detection
and cost-effective management of hypertension to
prevent myocardial infarction, stroke and other
complications.
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