MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE PANCREAS IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

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Abstract

Thyroid pathology is rather frequent among endocrine diseases and according to WHO, covers 7% of the world population. According to specialists' prognoses the tendency of thyroid gland (TSH) diseases number increase will remain in the nearest years due to fast industrial growth and environmental pollution with industrial and radioactive wastes, changes in microelement composition of soil, hereditary predisposition. The morphofunctional state of the thyroid gland depends directly on anthropogenic factors and is a marker of environmental disadvantage in a given region.

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background image

28

Volume 04 Issue 02-2022


The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN

2689-1026)

VOLUME

04

I

SSUE

02

Pages:

28-32

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2020:

5.

286

)

(2021:

5.

64

)

OCLC

1121105510

METADATA

IF

7.569















































Publisher:

The USA Journals

ABSTRACT

Thyroid pathology is rather frequent among endocrine diseases and according to WHO, covers 7% of the world
population. According to specialists' prognoses the tendency of thyroid gland (TSH) diseases number increase will
remain in the nearest years due to fast industrial growth and environmental pollution with industrial and radioactive
wastes, changes in microelement composition of soil, hereditary predisposition. The morphofunctional state of the
thyroid gland depends directly on anthropogenic factors and is a marker of environmental disadvantage in a given
region.

KEYWORDS

Morphology, pancreas, rats, hypothyroidism.

Research Article


MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE PANCREAS IN
EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

Submission Date:

February 10, 2022,

Accepted Date:

February 20, 2022,

Published Date:

February 28, 2022 |

Crossref doi:

https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJMSPR/Volume04Issue02-07


Farida Muinovna Khamidova

Associate Professor, Candidate of Medical Sciences, pathological anatomy course Samarkand State
Medical Institute, Uzbekistan

Abdulla Rashidov Murodullo ugli

Assistant at the course of anatomical pathology Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan

Umarova Farangiz Abdufattoevna

Assistant at the course of anatomical pathology Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan

Journal

Website:

https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jmspr

Copyright:

Original

content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons

attributes

4.0 licence.


background image

29

Volume 04 Issue 02-2022


The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN

2689-1026)

VOLUME

04

I

SSUE

02

Pages:

28-32

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2020:

5.

286

)

(2021:

5.

64

)

OCLC

1121105510

METADATA

IF

7.569















































Publisher:

The USA Journals

INTRODUCTION

In industrialized countries, the growth of thyroid
pathology is directly proportional to environmental
pollution. Thyroid pathology is accompanied by
abnormalities in thyroid hormone production with the
development of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism is a syndrome associated with
decreased thyroid hormones in the blood, which
occurs with various diseases or exogenous deficiency
of thyroid hormones. This condition may be due to a
decreased effect of thyroid hormones or an increased
breakdown of thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism
syndrome was first described as a disease in 1873, and
the term "myxedema" (mucous swelling of the skin)
began to be used in relation to severe forms of
hypothyroidism in 1878.

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine
diseases and is an important medical and social
problem. Hypothyroidism refers to such conditions in
which there are clinical and biochemical manifestations
of low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood without
regard to the genesis of the decrease in their levels. It
is known that thyroid hormones are necessary for the
normal functioning of all organs. Their deficiency can
lead to irreversible changes in all div systems,
primarily in the mental sphere. Changes in the thyroid
also cause shifts in the liver. Thyroxine and
triiodothyronine are necessary for normal organ
development, growth and function. These hormones
regulate the basal metabolic levels of all cells, including
hepatocytes, which affects liver function, and the liver,
in turn, by metabolizing thyroid hormones, thereby
regulates their systemic endocrine effects. Disorders
of thyroid function can lead to changes in liver
function, and abnormalities in the metabolism of
thyroid hormones can occur in liver diseases. Thus,
evidence has been obtained that hypothyroidism can

directly affect the structure and function of the liver,
leading to the development of hepatomegaly, biliary
dyskinesia, cholestatic jaundice, and cholelithiasis. The
rat pancreas is a large, flat, diffuse organ of inconstant
outline, located between the mesenteric leaflets of
small intestine. It has a characteristic structure - it
consists of separate small bunch-shaped lobules
connected by loose connective tissue into one tree-like
branching formation.

Thus, scientific researches of the last years testify to
the frequent combination of gastrointestinal tract
diseases, including pancreas and thyroid gland and
their deep interrelation, which makes the study of this
problem very urgent.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To determine the character of morphological changes
in the pancreas of rats with experimental
hypothyroidism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

14 non-pedigreed white rats were used. Development
of hypothyroidism in sexually mature female white rats
induced by intragastric injection of mercazolil for 3
weeks at the rate of 2.5 ml/100 g of animal div weight.
The objects of the study were 14 baby rats whose
mothers

were

induced

with

experimental

hypothyroidism. Materials were taken for a
comprehensive evaluation of pathomorphological
changes and morphometric parameters of the
pancreas of baby rats born in rats after induction of
experimental

hypothyroidism.

Morphological,

morphometric,

histological,

biochemical

and

immunological, statistical methods of investigation
were used in the study.


background image

30

Volume 04 Issue 02-2022


The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN

2689-1026)

VOLUME

04

I

SSUE

02

Pages:

28-32

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2020:

5.

286

)

(2021:

5.

64

)

OCLC

1121105510

METADATA

IF

7.569















































Publisher:

The USA Journals

RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH

It was established that against the background of
experimental hypothyroidism along with reactive
changes there were revealed compensatory-adaptive
and destructive transformations practically in all
investigated components of pancreas: vessels,
secretory (exocrine and endocrine) cells as well as in
nerve fibers. Already when viewing stained histological
preparations under a light microscope, one notices
that the majority of capillaries are overfilled with blood
forming elements, in their lumen there is a sludge of
erythrocytes. Contours of individual cells are poorly
distinguished. Absence of free areas in the vessel
lumen can be considered as one of the morphological
signs of blood thickening. However, along with full-
blooded capillaries there were also such capillaries the
lumen of which had insignificant amount of blood form
elements. One cannot but note the fact that the space
between the wall of some vessels and secretory cells in
some places becomes noticeably wider in comparison
with the norm and looks light, devoid of any structures.

Study of exocrine part of pancreas on light-optical level
revealed changes of nucleus and cytoplasm in some
acinocytes. Nuclear envelope of such cells has irregular
contours, as a result of which the nucleus acquires
angular shape. Bright areas can be seen in the
perinuclear zone of cytoplasm, which may indicate the
development of perinuclear edema around the
pycnotically altered nucleus. Secretory (zymogenic)
granules are relatively few in such acinocytes. Small
round vacuoles were detected in peripheral parts of
cytoplasm. The number of similarly altered cells is small
and amounts to only 3.4% of the total number of
acinocytes. In the control group of animals such cells
are rare. Most acinocytes are at different stages of the
secretory process. The cytoplasm of some cells is
dominated by secretory granules with intensely

stained contents, while others have small vacuoles free
of secretion.

In the morphometric study there was some tendency
to an increase in the number of granules in the
cytoplasm. An increase in the ratio of the number of
secretory granules to the number of neglected
vacuoles was also revealed, which testifies to the
predominance of granule formation processes over
the secretion release into the duct lumen. These data
allow us to suppose that in general granule synthesis in
pancreatic acini is not suppressed, moreover, there is
even some strengthening of it. However, review of a
whole series of preparations allowed us to suppose a
delay in secretion discharge into the lumen of insertion
ducts. This is proved by accumulations of intensively
stained granules, located at apical poles of acinocytes,
located in immediate proximity to these ducts. On the
contrary, vacuoles free from the secretion occupy
more centrally located parts, often in the pericarion
zone. At the same time, the lumen of the
centroacinous duct usually does not contain secretory
material at all or only one or two granules are found in
it.

CONCLUSIONS

Thus, the presented data testify to the fact that chronic
exposure to gravitational overload results in the delay
of the secretion withdrawal from the cytoplasm of the
majority of acinocytes into the duct lumen, but does
not disturb their synthesis in the cells. In experimental
hypothyroidism developing in baby rats born by the
mothers of the experimental group under mercazolil
administration, morphofunctional change of pancreas
structures is a consequence not only of direct effect of
thyroid hormones on the gland tissue, but also of
hormonal status disturbance.


background image

31

Volume 04 Issue 02-2022


The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN

2689-1026)

VOLUME

04

I

SSUE

02

Pages:

28-32

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2020:

5.

286

)

(2021:

5.

64

)

OCLC

1121105510

METADATA

IF

7.569















































Publisher:

The USA Journals

REFERENCES

1.

Blinova SA, Oripov F.S., Khamidova F.M.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung
malformations development // Genes & Cells,
vol. XVI, no. 1, 2021. pp. 16-20.

2.

Budnevsky

A.V.

et

al.

Subclinical

hypothyroidism as one of the causes of
dyslipidemia. // Clinical Medicine. - 2015. - Т. 93,
№ 1. - С. 13-17.

3.

Volkova N.I. et al. Thyroid gland / /; ed. by A.L.
Wurtkin. - 132 Moscow : Eksmo, 2016. - 128 с.

4.

Dolgikh Y.A., Verbovoy A.F., Kosareva O.V.
Hypothyroidism and pregnancy // Pharmateca.
- 2016. - № 10 (323). - С. 22-25

5.

Zakhokhov R.M. et al. On methods of express
diagnostics

of

thyroid

diseases

//

Fundamental'nye issledovanie. - 2014. - № 10- 8.
- С. 1622-1625

6.

Najmutdinova D.K. Clinical and diagnostic
aspects of hypothyroidism // Bulletin of the
Tashkent Medical Academy. - 2012. - № 2. - С.
102-111

7.

Olifirova O.S. Postoperative hypothyroidism //
Bulletin of Surgery. I.I. Grekov. - 2015. - Т. 174,
№ 1. - С. 20-22

8.

Petunina N.A. et al. Lesions of various organs
and systems in hypothyroidism // Effective
pharmacotherapy. - 2016. - № 4. - С. 40-44

9.

Petunina N.A. Endocrine system - defining,
regulating, one of the main integrating systems
along with the nervous system // Doctor. Ru. -
2016. - № 3 (120) . - С. 52-54. 130.

10.

Platonova N.M. Iodine deficiency: solution of
the problem in the world and Russia (25-year
experience) // Consilium Medicum. - 2015. - Т. 17,
№ 4. - С. 44-50

11.

Priputnevich D. N. Features of the clinical
course and therapy of hypothyroidism in

patients with affective disorders dissertation
for the degree of candidate of medical sciences
Voronezh - 2019.

12.

Spirin N.N. Nikanorova T.Yu. Polyneuropathy in
patients with thyroid diseases // Bulletin of the
Ivanovo Medical Academy. - 2016. - Т. 21, № 4. -
С. 26-30

13.

Troshina EA Platonova NM, Panfilova EA
Epidemiological aspects of iodine deficiency
diseases in the Russian Federation // Innovative
technologies in endocrinology: collection of
abstracts. III All-Russian endocrinological
congress with international participants. -
Moscow, 2017. - С. 27.

14.

V. Sinitsyna et al. Peculiarities of the
psychoemotional status of patients with
thyroid pathology // Russian family doctor. -
2014. - Т. 18, № 3. - С. 35-41Kamalova M. I.,
Islamov Sh. E., Khaydarov N.K.// Morphological
changes in brain vessels in ischemic stroke.
Journal of Biomedicine and Practice 2020, vol.
6, issue 5, pp.280-284

15.

Amsterdam J.D. [et al.] /Short-term venlafaxine
v. lithium monotherapy for bipolar type II
major depressive episodes: effectiveness and
mood conversion rate / / Br. J. Psychiatry. –
2016. – № 208 (4). – P. 359–365.

16.

Blinova S.A., Khamidova F.M., Ismailov J.M. The
state of the immune and regulatory structures
of the branchial mucoza in pulmonary
pathology in children // Socio-economic and
environmental outlook/Juarnal. Volume 7. 2020
https://www.google.com/search 3 ,tn

17.

Blinova S.A., KhamidovaF.M., Uraqov Q.N.
Endocrine structures of the lungs ontogenezes
and children with pneumоniya // The American
Juarnal of medical sciensces and farmaseutical
research. The USA Juarnal. Volume 2.Issiue 9,


background image

32

Volume 04 Issue 02-2022


The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
(ISSN

2689-1026)

VOLUME

04

I

SSUE

02

Pages:

28-32

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2020:

5.

286

)

(2021:

5.

64

)

OCLC

1121105510

METADATA

IF

7.569















































Publisher:

The USA Journals

2020.

www.usajournalshub.com/inde

x.php/tajmspr.

18.

Blinova S.A., Oripov F.S., Khamidovа F.M.,
Ismoilov

J.M.

Forming

neuroendocrine

apparatus of lung in ontogenesis // Turkish
Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation;
32(2). Р. 4311-4317.

19.

Feller M. [et al.] Association of Thyroid
Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and
Thyroid– Related Symptoms in Patients With
Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic
Review and Meta–analysis // JAMA. – 2018. –
№ 320 (13). – P. 1349–1359

References

Blinova SA, Oripov F.S., Khamidova F.M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung malformations development // Genes & Cells, vol. XVI, no. 1, 2021. pp. 16-20.

Budnevsky A.V. et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism as one of the causes of dyslipidemia. // Clinical Medicine. - 2015. - Т. 93, № 1. - С. 13-17.

Volkova N.I. et al. Thyroid gland / /; ed. by A.L. Wurtkin. - 132 Moscow : Eksmo, 2016. - 128 с.

Dolgikh Y.A., Verbovoy A.F., Kosareva O.V. Hypothyroidism and pregnancy // Pharmateca. - 2016. - № 10 (323). - С. 22-25

Zakhokhov R.M. et al. On methods of express diagnostics of thyroid diseases // Fundamental'nye issledovanie. - 2014. - № 10- 8. - С. 1622-1625

Najmutdinova D.K. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of hypothyroidism // Bulletin of the Tashkent Medical Academy. - 2012. - № 2. - С. 102-111

Olifirova O.S. Postoperative hypothyroidism // Bulletin of Surgery. I.I. Grekov. - 2015. - Т. 174, № 1. - С. 20-22

Petunina N.A. et al. Lesions of various organs and systems in hypothyroidism // Effective pharmacotherapy. - 2016. - № 4. - С. 40-44

Petunina N.A. Endocrine system - defining, regulating, one of the main integrating systems along with the nervous system // Doctor. Ru. - 2016. - № 3 (120) . - С. 52-54. 130.

Platonova N.M. Iodine deficiency: solution of the problem in the world and Russia (25-year experience) // Consilium Medicum. - 2015. - Т. 17, № 4. - С. 44-50

Priputnevich D. N. Features of the clinical course and therapy of hypothyroidism in patients with affective disorders dissertation for the degree of candidate of medical sciences Voronezh - 2019.

Spirin N.N. Nikanorova T.Yu. Polyneuropathy in patients with thyroid diseases // Bulletin of the Ivanovo Medical Academy. - 2016. - Т. 21, № 4. - С. 26-30

Troshina EA Platonova NM, Panfilova EA Epidemiological aspects of iodine deficiency diseases in the Russian Federation // Innovative technologies in endocrinology: collection of abstracts. III All-Russian endocrinological congress with international participants. - Moscow, 2017. - С. 27.

V. Sinitsyna et al. Peculiarities of the psychoemotional status of patients with thyroid pathology // Russian family doctor. - 2014. - Т. 18, № 3. - С. 35-41Kamalova M. I., Islamov Sh. E., Khaydarov N.K.// Morphological changes in brain vessels in ischemic stroke. Journal of Biomedicine and Practice 2020, vol. 6, issue 5, pp.280-284

Amsterdam J.D. [et al.] /Short-term venlafaxine v. lithium monotherapy for bipolar type II major depressive episodes: effectiveness and mood conversion rate / / Br. J. Psychiatry. – 2016. – № 208 (4). – P. 359–365.

Blinova S.A., Khamidova F.M., Ismailov J.M. The state of the immune and regulatory structures of the branchial mucoza in pulmonary pathology in children // Socio-economic and environmental outlook/Juarnal. Volume 7. 2020

https://www.google.com/search 3 ,tn

Blinova S.A., KhamidovaF.M., Uraqov Q.N. Endocrine structures of the lungs ontogenezes and children with pneumоniya // The American Juarnal of medical sciensces and farmaseutical research. The USA Juarnal. Volume 2.Issiue 9, 2020. www.usajournalshub.com/inde x.php/tajmspr.

Blinova S.A., Oripov F.S., Khamidovа F.M., Ismoilov J.M. Forming neuroendocrine apparatus of lung in ontogenesis // Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2). Р. 4311-4317.

Feller M. [et al.] Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and

Thyroid– Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta–analysis // JAMA. – 2018. – № 320 (13). – P. 1349–1359

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