The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
37-43
10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue04-07
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
24 February 2025
ACCEPTED
20 March 2025
PUBLISHED
23 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue04 2025
CITATION
Ibragim Askarov, & Khabibullo Kodirov. (2025). Therapy using medicinal
plants to cure stomach ulcer illness and research on the characteristics of
these plants. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and
Pharmaceutical Research, 7(04), 37
–
43.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue04-07
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Therapy using medicinal
plants to cure stomach
ulcer illness and research
on the characteristics of
these plants
Ibragim Askarov
Andijan State University, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Khabibullo Kodirov
Andijan Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The World Health Organization states that
10.0
–
15.0% of people worldwide suffer from peptic
ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. The structure of
gastrointestinal tract illnesses includes both benign and
malignant neoplasms, peptic ulcer diseases, acute and
chronic gastritis, gastroduodenitis, and functional
dyspepsia. Furthermore, these plants' leaves and their
The autoxidation activity of combinations with different
quantities was shown to be stronger when assessed
using the method of suppression of the adrenaline
autoxidation process.
When the AA% indications of the mixture of leaves and
stems were analyzed, the plantago and hypericum
linariifolium blend in a 1:1 ratio showed the highest
antioxidant activity. Consequently, a 1:1 by weight ratio
was proposed for the application of this plantago and
hypericum linariifolium combo as a potential medicinal
food component.
Keywords:
World Health Organization, Therapy,
Medicinal Plants.
Introduction:
The Republican Center for Health and
Medical Statistics states that gastrointestinal disorders
made up 10.3% of all cases in Uzbekistan in 2015 and
are on the rise. For the first time, 72.7 out of 100,000
people were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease in
2024[5].
The primary symptom of peptic ulcer disease (PU), a
chronic recurring illness that alternates between
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The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
exacerbations and remissions, is the development of
an ulcer in the stomach and duodenum walls.
According
to
contemporary
theories,
the
pathophysiology of PU often involves an imbalance
between the elements that protect the stomach and
duodenum's mucous membranes and the substances
that contribute to acid-peptic aggressiveness of the
gastric contents.
The microorganisms H. pylori, identified in 1983 by
Australian scientists B. Marshall and J. Warren, are
currently thought to play a decisive role in the
development of peptic ulcers[8]. The VacA strain of H.
pylori is the most pathogenic, and its effects on the
stomach and duodenum's mucous membrane are
quite diverse, involving the production of a variety of
cytotoxins and enzymes (urease, proteases, and
phospholipases) that damage the mucous membrane's
protective barrier.
Acute PU can present with a variety of clinical
symptoms, including functional problems, dyspeptic
disorders, and stomach discomfort. Abdominal
discomfort is the most prevalent but least specific PU
symptom. When youngsters see gastroenterologists
for stomach discomfort, only 15
–
25% exhibit erosive
and ulcerative processes[13]. During the normal
course of PU, the pain is rather severe, mostly in the
paraumbilical and epigastric areas, and it happens
often. The pain becomes a "hungry", nighttime quality.
Both early (occurring 30 to 60 minutes after eating)
and late (occurring 2 to 3 hours after eating) pain are
possible. Pain in the right shoulder, shoulder blade,
back, and rhythm of pain
—
hunger, pain, eating,
comfort, etc.
—
could be radiating.
The pain might be paroxysmal, aching, or cutting, and
a positive Mendelian symptom is frequently found.
Age, the patient's unique traits, the condition of his
neurological
and
endocrine
systems[4],
the
architectural aspects of the ulcerative defect, and the
degree
of
functional
abnormalities
of
the
gastrointestinal tract all influence the type of ABS.
There is no correlation between the endoscopic stage
of the ulcerative process and its clinical signs in half of
unwell children.
PU has no widely recognized categorization. First off,
PU is classified as either linked or not associated with
H. pylori infection based on whether the infection is
present or not. Another name for the latter type is
idiopathic. Additionally, there is a difference between
peptic ulcers as a separate illness (essential peptic
ulcer) and symptomatic ulcers of the stomach and
duodenum
(medicinal,
"stressful,"
endocrine
pathology, and other chronic diseases of internal
organs), which develop amidst other illnesses and are
linked to unique pathogenetic and etiological factors.
Large-scale, focused efforts are currently underway in
our nation to drastically raise the standard and greatly
broaden the scope of healthcare offered to the
populace. This issue's resolution is directly related to the
Republic of Uzbekistan's five development priorities,
which include "reducing morbidity and mortality among
the population". One of the pertinent areas is the
execution of these duties, which include enhancing the
diagnosis of both acute and chronic stomach ulcers by
assessing the outcomes of a multiparametric ultrasound
examination with tailored image magnification in the
region of interest[10].
In addition to prescribing medications, a comprehensive
approach to treating PU should involve a variety of other
activities, such as dietary nutrition, quitting alcohol and
tobacco, refusing to use drugs that cause ulcers,
normalizing work and rest schedules, and sanatorium
treatment. Patients who have a straightforward course
of PU are treated conservatively. It is often done as an
outpatient procedure. However, hospitalization is
advised for patients with severe pain syndrome, a high
risk of complications (such as huge and giant ulcers), the
necessity for additional testing to confirm the diagnosis
(for instance, if the kind of stomach ulcer is uncertain),
and severe concurrent disorders.
Diet therapy: To hasten the healing of ulcers,
diet therapy is advised for all patients with ulcers. The
suggestions have a C degree of trustworthiness (the
evidence has a 5 level of dependability). Remarks: The
fundamentals of dietary nutrition for peptic ulcer
disease patients, which were established many years
ago, are still applicable today. The guideline that states
that "six small meals are better than three large ones,"
mechanical, thermal, and chemical sparing, and
frequent (5
–
6 times a day) fractional meals are still
recommended[6].
The guideline that states that "six small meals are better
than three large ones," mechanical, thermal, and
chemical sparing, and frequent (5
–
6 times a day)
fractional meals are still recommended. Strong meat
and fish broths, fried and peppered foods, smoked and
canned foods, seasonings and spices (onion, garlic,
pepper, mustard), pickles and marinades, carbonated
fruit waters, beer, dry white wine, champagne, coffee,
and citrus fruits are all items that should be avoided
when following a diet because they irritate the stomach
mucosa and increase the production of hydrochloric
acid.
Products having strong buffering qualities
—
that is, the
capacity to bind and neutralize hydrochloric acid
—
should be preferred. These consist of eggs, milk, dairy
products, and cooked or steamed meat and fish. Dairy
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The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
and vegetarian soups, pasta, stale white bread, and dry
biscuits are also permitted. Vegetables (carrots,
cauliflower, zucchini, and potatoes) can be mashed,
stewed, or steamed to make souffles. Porridges, sweet
berry jam, mousses, jellies, raw, grated, and baked
apples, milk and cocoa, and weak tea are all possible
foods to include in the diet.
Simple yet crucial guidelines like the need to eat
quietly, slowly, when seated, and to chew food well
must be kept in mind. Saliva's buffering properties are
extremely noticeable, and this helps meals sink more
effectively.
In order to avoid ulcer recurrence, eradication
treatment is advised for all ulcer patients with positive
H. pylori infection test findings. The suggestions have a
believability level of B (the evidence has a reliability
level of 2). Remarks on: Eradication therapy was shown
to significantly lower the risk of recurrence of the
disease within a year after suturing the defect (HR
1.49; 95% CI: 1.10-2.03) [9] in a meta-analysis that
summarized the findings of five randomized controlled
trials in a population of patients with peptic ulcer
complicated by perforation.
Eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in infected
individuals lowers the incidence of recurrence of
stomach (HR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.20, 0.42) and duodenal
ulcer (HR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15-0.26) compared with
placebo, according to the Cochrane Review and other
meta-analyses. Based on the suggestions made at the
most recent European Working Group conciliation
meeting
The incidence of clarithromycin resistance in a
particular location determines which eradication
strategy is best, according to the group for the research
of H. pylori "Maastricht-V" (2016). Without initial
testing, regular triple therapy is recommended as the
first-line treatment if the region's rates of
clarithromycin resistance do not surpass 15%. The first-
line regimen is a standard triple scheme of eradication
therapy, which includes amoxicillin (1000 mg twice a
day), clarithromycin (500 mg twice a day), and IPN (at
a standard dose twice a day), since the resistance
indicators of H. strains pylori resistance to
clarithromycin in Uzbekistan do not exceed 10%.
Currently, strategies to increase the efficacy of
conventional triple treatment have been devised. 1. A
higher dose of IPN (double the usual dosage) is
administered twice a day. 2. A 14-day extension of the
triple treatment period with IPN and clarithromycin. As
of right now, it is recognized that only this length of
time allows traditional triple treatment to be as
successful as alternative regimens. 3. Thorough patient
education and close observation of the precise
adherence to the recommended drug schedule[7].
A traditional four-component regimen consisting of
bismuth tricalcium dicitrate (120 mg four times a day) in
combination with IPN (at a standard dose twice a day),
tetracycline (500 mg four times a day), and
metronidazole (500 mg three times a day) for 10 days is
an option for first-line eradication therapy (for instance,
in case of intolerance to penicillin group drugs).
When regular triple therapy fails, the primary second-
line treatment is quadrotherapy with bismuth tricalcium
dicitrate. The eradication regimen, which consists of IPN
(at a normal dose of twice daily), levofloxacin (at a dose
of 500 mg twice daily), and amoxicillin (at a dose of 1000
mg twice daily), is another second-line therapeutic
regimen. Only a gastroenterologist with balanced
indications may administer triple treatment with
levofloxacin. The foundation of third-line treatment is
figuring out how sensitive each H. pylori strain is to
drugs.
As part of further procedures to achieve hemostasis,
patients with laboratory and endoscopically confirmed
ulcerative bleeding are advised to receive intravenous
proton pump inhibitors to halt the bleeding. The
suggestions have a degree of credibility (the evidence is
reliable). Remarks: PU usage lowers the incidence of
recurrent bleeding and stops ulcerative bleeding. In this
instance, a bolus of 80 mg of esomeprazole is given
intravenously at the same time, and the medication is
then continuously infused for 72 hours at a rate of 8 mg
per hour.
Intravenous IPN administration significantly lowers the
incidence of recurrent bleeding, according a recent
meta-analysis. Eradication treatment is administered
following the patient's transition to oral medicine[11].
A severe clinical picture of the disease with persistent
(greater than seven days) pain syndrome, stomach
ulcerations necessitating a differential diagnosis
between benign ulcers and gastric cancer, exacerbation
of peptic ulcer with a history of complications, and
peptic ulcer with concomitant diseases are indications
for planned hospitalization of patients with gastric and
duodenal ulcers. Patients experiencing an aggravation
of their peptic ulcer condition should typically get
inpatient
therapy
for
10
days.
Emergency
hospitalization is indicated when there are indications
of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcer penetration, and
perforation. Patients who experience an uncomplicated
flare-up of their duodenal and stomach ulcers are
treated as outpatients. In line with the norm of specialist
medical treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers,
patients experiencing an aggravation of peptic ulcer
disease get specialized medical care in both outpatient
and inpatient settings. Any patient who exhibits
The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
40
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The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
symptoms of acute gastrointestinal bleeding or has a
reasonable suspicion of it is immediately referred to a
hospital that is ready to receive them.
This plant is found in abundance on the mountain
slopes, stony and gravel slopes of Jizzakh, Kashkadarya
and Namangan regions. Boil 1 cup of water in 1
tablespoon of crushed dry leaves of hypericum
linariifolium for 3-4 minutes and strain after 2 hours.
Drink 1/4 cup 3 times a day 15 minutes before meals.
This decoction is used for colitis, enteritis and hepatitis
In addition, caution should not be forgotten when
hypericum linariifolium . In particular, it is not
recommended for patients with high blood pressure to
drink it carefully and use it for a long time, so it is
recommended to consult a doctor before using the
field plant.
Purpose of work
. Development of a medicinal food
supplement based on a mixture of these leaves by
evaluating the antioxidant activity of plantago and
hypericum linariifolium grown in the Fergana Valley of
Uzbekistan and determining the antioxidant activity of
the created supplement.
METHODS
Used reactants. Research in performing " Chemical
clean " model from the reactants bidistilled from water
was used.
Extracts get Sample extract preparation for dried
leaves in a blender crushed and in a sieve 0.1-0.2 mm
in size fraction of 0.75 g plant sample in 50 ml of water
for 10 minutes boiled. Received watery extract room
up to temperature cooled down and 0.45 µm
dimensional with a syringe from the filter conducted
and analyzed for was used.
Antioxidant activity to determine Ferghana valley
plantago and hypericum linariifolium of the field of the
leaves and this stems AA indicator of mixtures
evaluation for Adrenaline In vitro, it is evaluated by the
method of autoxidation reaction inhibition, that is, the
ability of adrenaline to inhibit the autoxidation reaction
and at the same time prevent the formation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) [2]. is expressed
plantago and hypericum linariifolium extract samples
were prepared in two different ways.
1.
Reflux of 0.75 g of sample in 50 mL of water was
carried out by boiling in a flask equipped with a
condenser for 10 minutes. The obtained extract was
passed through a 0.45 μm syringe filter and used for
analysis.
2.
was ultrasonically extracted in 25 ml of 96%
ethanol at 60 o C for 20 minutes. The obtained extract
was passed through a 0.45 μm syringe filter and used for
analysis.
Spectrophotometric analysis.
of 0.2 M carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 -NaHCO 3 , pH=10.65)
buffer and 0.15 ml of 0.18% solution of adrenaline
tartrate, mix quickly, and in a cuvette with a thickness of
10 mm K7000 (YOKE , China) optical density D 1 at a
wavelength of 347 nm every 30 seconds for 10 minutes
in a spectrophotometer was determined[3].
0.045 ml of the examined plant extract, 3 ml of the
buffer solution and 0.15 ml of the 0.18% solution of
adrenaline tartrate were taken and mixed in the above
manner, and the optical density at a wavelength of 347
nm was measured ( D 2 ).
Table 1.
Measured optical densities of adrenaline and samples.
for the aqueous extract
for alcoholic extract
Tim
e, s
ec
A
dr
ena
li
n
e (
D
1
)
pl
an
tago
hyper
icu
m
li
n
ar
ii
fol
iu
m
1.1
(D
2
)
pl
an
tago
hype
ri
cum
li
n
ar
ii
fol
iu
m
3.1 (
D
2
)
pl
an
tago
hyper
icu
m
li
n
ar
ii
fol
iu
m
1.3 (
D
2
)
A
dr
ena
li
n
e (
D
1
)
pl
an
tago
hyper
icu
m
li
n
ar
ii
fol
iu
m
1.1
(D
2
)
pl
an
tago
hype
ri
cum
li
n
ar
ii
fol
iu
m
3.1 (
D
2
)
pl
an
tago
hyper
icu
m
li
n
ar
ii
fol
iu
m
1.3 (
D
2
)
0
0.056
0.05
0.1
0.132
0.083
0.056
0.053
0.058
30
0.109
0.103
0.191
0.249
0.134
0.108
0.104
0.112
60
0.161
0.154
0.278
0.349
0.186
0.158
0.151
0.163
90
0.212
0.204
0.357
0.437
0.235
0.206
0.195
0.212
120
0.263
0.251
0.425
0.508
0.282
0.251
0.237
0.257
150
0.31
0.296
0.487
0.566
0.326
0.295
0.276
0.3
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180
0.355
0.338
0.541
0.613
0.368
0.334
0.313
0.338
210
0.398
0.377
0.585
0.65
0.407
0.369
0.347
0.374
240
0.438
0.413
0.623
0.675
0.442
0.402
0.377
0.405
270
0.476
0.445
0.654
0.695
0.473
0.431
0.403
0.434
300
0.512
0.473
0.681
0.708
0.501
0.457
0.427
0.46
330
0.544
0.499
0.702
0.716
0.525
0.482
0.449
0.483
360
0.574
0.521
0.718
0.723
0.547
0.503
0.469
0.503
390
0.602
0.541
0.731
0.725
0.565
0.522
0.487
0.522
420
0.627
0.558
0.74
0.725
0.583
0.538
0.503
0.537
450
0.649
0.573
0.747
0.722
0.597
0.553
0.517
0.551
480
0.669
0.586
0.748
0.712
0.61
0.566
0.529
0.563
510
0.686
0.597
0.749
0.695
0.623
0.578
0.539
0.574
540
0.702
0.606
0.749
0.68
0.632
0.588
0.548
0.583
570
0.715
0.613
0.747
0.664
0.639
0.596
0.557
0.592
600
0.727
0.62
0.746
0.65
0.647
0.604
0.564
0.598
Table 2,
Aqueous and
alcoholic
extracts of plants with antioxidant activity have been found to inhibit the
active form of oxygen over time
The
extract
under
investigati
on
for the aqueous extract
for alcoholic extract
AA, %
plantago
hypericum
linariifolium
1:1(D 2 )
plantago
hypericum
linariifolium
3:1(D 2 )
plantago
hypericum
linariifolium
1:3
(D 2 )
plantago
hypericum
linariifolium
1:1(D 2 )
plantago
hypericum
linariifolium
3:1(D 2 )
plantago
hypericum
linariifolium
1:3
(D 2 )
1st minute
4.35%
-72.67%
-116.77%
15.05
18.82
12.37
3rd
minute
4.79%
-52.39%
-72.68%
9.24
14.95
8.15
5th
minute
7.62%
-33.01%
-38.28%
8.78
14.77
8.18
10th
minute
14.72%
-2.61%
10.59%
6.65
12.83
7.57
Average
7.87%
-40.17%
-54.28%
9.93
15.34
9.07
N1
- plantago hypericum linariifolium 3:1,
N2
-
plantago hypericum linariifolium 1:1
N3
-
plantago hypericum linariifolium 1:3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 30 60 90 120150180210240270300330360390420450480510540570600
A
xi
s
Ti
tle
Axis Title
Adrenalin (D1)
N-1
N-2
N-3
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The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
Figure 1. Graph of increase in optical densities of adrenaline and samples (l=347
nm) (for aqueous extract)
N-1S
- plantago hypericum linariifolium 3:1,
N-2S
-
plantago hypericum linariifolium 1:1
N-3S
-
plantago hypericum linariifolium 1:3
Figure 2. Graph of increase in optical densities of adrenaline and samples (l=347
nm) (for alcohol extract)
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The antioxidant activity of the examined samples is
expressed in percent (AA%) by the inhibition of
autoxidation of adrenaline and was calculated by the
following formula:
𝐴𝐴 =
(𝐷
1
− 𝐷
2
) · 100
D
1
Here, optical density of adrenaline tartrate solution
added to buffer D 1 , sample extract added to buffer D
2 , and optical density of adrenaline tartrate added to
buffer D 2 .
In aqueous extract
the obtained results show the
presence of prooxidant properties of the tested
samples. In conclusion , it can be said that plantago and
hypericum linariifolium is 1:1 it was found that the
sample extracts have higher antioxidant properties
than the rest of the samples. which is one of the
medicinal plants, is also used in the treatment of many
diseases.
The evaluated samples' antioxidant qualities are
demonstrated in the alcoholic extract. In comparison
to the other samples, it was discovered that the
plantago and hypericum linariifolium extracts in a 3:1
ratio (15.34%) had better antioxidant qualities.
Samples from the rhizomes and seeds of plantago and
hypericum were gathered, crushed, and subjected to
laboratory examination in several ratios (3:1, 1:3, and
1:1) during varying time periods in order to ascertain
the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. According
to the statistics, the average 3:1 ratio is water extract -
40.17%, alcohol extract 15.34%, our 1:1 ratio is water
extract -54.28 %, alcohol extract 9.07%, and in our most
recent 1:1 ratio, water extract 7-87%.
CONCLUSION
The chemical makeup, pharmacological effects, and
clinical disease-treating qualities of the medicinal plants
that are grown in our nation have all been well
investigated. Consequently, it was discovered that the
surface of plantago and hypericum linariifolium contains
a variety of chemical compounds that are essential to
human health, and that they have anti-inflammatory
and wound-healing properties. Additionally, the leaves
of these plants and their When the autoxidation activity
of combinations with varying amounts was evaluated
using the method of inhibition of the adrenaline
autoxidation process, it was shown to be stronger.
The blend of plantago and hypericum linariifolium in a
1:1 ratio exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity
when the AA% indicators of the mixture of leaves and
stems were examined. As a result, it was suggested that
this plantago and hypericum linariifolium mixture be
used as a novel therapeutic food ingredient in a 1:1 by
weight ratio.
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