NANONEEDLE-BASED INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DRUG AND BIOMOLECULE DELIVERY STRATEGIES

Intracellular delivery of drugs and biomolecules holds great promise for the development of targeted therapies and advanced biomedical applications. Nanoneedles, as emerging tools in nanomedicine, offer a unique approach for precise and efficient intracellular delivery. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of nanoneedle-based intracellular delivery strategies for drugs and biomolecules. It covers various aspects, including the design and fabrication of nanoneedles, mechanisms of cellular uptake, delivery routes, and applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and cell manipulation. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions in the field of nanoneedle-based intracellular delivery, highlighting the potential for clinical translation and impact on healthcare.