Vol. 5 No. 07 (2023): Volume 05 Issue 07

The fast and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method was predicated on qualitative and quantitative estimation of the total concentrations of the essential thiols in the plasma of adults volunteers compared with epileptic patients, which is l-cysteine (Cys) total homocysteine (tHys), cysteinyl glycine (Cys-Gly), glutathione (GSH) and cysteamine (Cstm), respectively.  The plasma samples of (50) epileptic patients were classified into three groups; the non-anti-epileptic drug consisted of 20 patients (12 male, eight female) who were mainly diagnosed with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.  The mean age was 34 ± 13 (range 19–48) years.  The second group consisted of 30 patients receiving two types of anti-epileptic drugs, 18 patients (12 male and six female) receiving Carbamazepine, and 12 patients (7 males and five female) receiving phenytoin.  The mean age of the patients was 32 ± 11   Compared with 31 healthy volunteers (20 male and 11 female).  The mean age of the controls was 31 ± 9 (range 26–49 years).  The mean duration of treatment of patients receiving the anti-epileptic drug was six months).  All measurement was done using pre-column derivatization with bromobimane, and the derivative of each standard mixture were baseline separated on C18-DB (50 x 4.6 mm ID) column, 3μm particle size.  The regression coefficients for the separated and standard deviation SD within-run ranged from 0.09 to 8.40 μmol/L, and between-run ranged from 0.15to 9.16 μmol/L; the analytical procedure gave good linearity in the range between 1.25 to 20 µmole/ l, the detection limit was 0.1 µmole /L for all the thiol groups.  Analytical recovery was 96.9–107.4 %; the mean concentration of plasma cysteine and total homocysteine was slightly higher in males than females; it was 221± 75 for adult males and 190± 44 μmol/L for adult females, while t-homocysteine was (10.55 ±2.45 vs. 9.79 ± 1.88 μmol/L, the results observed that the value of cysteine and homocysteine were significantly higher in epileptic patients using Carbamazepine and phenytoin than in healthy volunteers.  Mean values for glutathione were lower, while cysteinyl glycine showed no significant difference in healthy and epileptic patients and no sex- and age-dependent.

Tooth decay is the gradual breakdown of tooth components, resulting from the loss of hydroxyapatite crystals as part of aging. Mutans Streptococci is one of the species most associated with tooth decay. The samples were isolated and cultured following standard procedures, and the results showed that Streptococcus mutans was indeed the most isolated bacteria, accounting for 47 (85.5%) cases in people with tooth decay. Small soft blue colonies of S. mutans bacteria appeared due to their absence in several individuals which may be attributed to their small numbers. Lactobacilli were also isolated in 8 (14.55%) cases. Antibiotic sensitivity tests against S. mutans showed that this bacterium was sensitive to azithromycin antibiotic and resistant multi-antibiotic tetracycline, as well as amoxicillin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin along with chloramphenicol, ampicillin and lincomycin. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify bacteria that cause tooth decay, and determine which antibiotics effectively inhibit them.

Perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is commonly prescribed as a cardioprotective medication following acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, concerns have been raised regarding its potential impact on renal function and serum potassium levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of perindopril initiation on serum creatinine and potassium levels in patients with ACS.

Serodiscordant couples, where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV-negative, face unique challenges and risks in terms of HIV transmission and seroconversion. This study aims to provide insights into HIV seroconversion in serodiscordant couples within the context of Malaysia. A retrospective analysis was conducted, utilizing data from medical records and interviews with serodiscordant couples attending HIV clinics in Malaysia. The study examines the factors associated with HIV seroconversion, including sexual behaviors, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and access to preventive measures. The findings shed light on the challenges faced by serodiscordant couples in Malaysia and provide valuable information for the development of targeted interventions and support services.

Intracellular delivery of drugs and biomolecules holds great promise for the development of targeted therapies and advanced biomedical applications. Nanoneedles, as emerging tools in nanomedicine, offer a unique approach for precise and efficient intracellular delivery. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of nanoneedle-based intracellular delivery strategies for drugs and biomolecules. It covers various aspects, including the design and fabrication of nanoneedles, mechanisms of cellular uptake, delivery routes, and applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and cell manipulation. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions in the field of nanoneedle-based intracellular delivery, highlighting the potential for clinical translation and impact on healthcare.

Drug abuse among youths in kebbi  has been a problem to the youths and the society in General. The consequences of drug abuse are not only on the individual user but also on his or her offspring, family and the society. Drugs abuse person will always lost his or her personalities in the society , it also make them to be dependent on some one due to laziness .

 Drug abuse is also a major public health, social and individual problem and is seen as an aggravating factor for economic crises; hence, for Nigeria’s poverty status. While youth are supposed to be the major agent of change and development, some of them have been destroyed by drug abuse . Drug abuse has a negative impact on the our Youth in their education arena. This work is expected to create awareness, expose and provide useful information to people especially to the  youths on the effects of drug abuse.

This paper is focus on the important of breastfeeding of a new born Infant  , breastfeeding the new baby to have faster growth and get perfect nutrition that will protect the baby from disease , the earliest  experience of new born infant is a great importance to the total growth and development. This particularly true on the way children obtain their foods the chemical structure of human milk facilitate digestion, metabolism efficient utilization of nutrients which in turn encourage excellent growth in infant. Anemia is less likely in well breastfeed infant that those who practice artificial feeding.

Coeliac disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten. While the classic presentation of coeliac disease involves gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption, atypical or non-classic presentations can pose diagnostic challenges. This paper presents a case study approach to explore the unusual manifestations of coeliac disease and their clinical implications. The selected case studies highlight patients who presented with atypical symptoms or extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease, including dermatological, neurological, and psychiatric manifestations. Through an in-depth analysis of these cases, this research aims to increase awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the diverse presentations of coeliac disease, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient outcomes.