Vol. 6 No. 11 (2024)

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that can act as an important biomarker of inflammatory processes, including cytokine storm, observed in various pathological conditions such as cancer and COVID-19. In the conditions of the cytokine storm characteristic of severe forms of COVID-19 and progressive stages of cancer, elevated homocysteine levels can increase oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, which, in turn, exacerbates tissue and organ damage. Studies show that homocysteine can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these conditions, affecting the vascular and immune systems. Thus, monitoring of homocysteine levels is important for the diagnosis, prognosis and development of new therapeutic strategies in the field of immuno-oncology and treatment of COVID-19.

The literature review showed that, brain injuries make up 30-40% of all injuries and cause disability in 25-30% of cases. More than 90% of those who died were found to be caused by ischemic damage of the brain during histological examination. The main areas of change after brain injuries are the basilar artery (a. basilaris) and the middle cerebral artery (a. cerebri media), where excessive calcium ion concentration in the smooth muscle fibers causes spastic contraction of the vessels, resulting in the death of myocyte cells, rupture of blood vessels, and bleeding into surrounding tissues, with the development of pathological changes such as necrosis and dystrophy from primary pathological changes.

This study evaluates hemodynamic changes in patients with urgent surgical pathologies within the context of military medicine. Hemodynamic stability is crucial for optimizing outcomes in military surgical patients who often present with unique challenges, such as trauma, limited resources, and delayed medical evacuation. The research focuses on identifying key physiological alterations, assessing the efficacy of current monitoring techniques, and exploring advanced therapeutic interventions tailored to the military environment. By analyzing clinical data from a cohort of military surgical cases, this study provides insights into the relationship between hemodynamic parameters and outcomes, aiming to enhance decision-making in field-based surgical care. The findings highlight the importance of early intervention, advanced monitoring technologies, and protocol-driven resuscitation to improve survival rates and reduce complications in this population.

Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most urgent and priority problems of modern medicine. With increasing life expectancy there is a significant increase in cerebrovascular pathology, in particular, chronic cerebral ischemia, with a clear correlation between dysfunction of cardiovascular and other visceral systems of the body and deterioration of the condition and functioning of the central nervous system.

It is known that one of the diseases that are difficult to treat in modern medicine is an increase in blood pressure, i.e. hypertension. Hypertension is a pathology of the cardiovascular system, a complex disease characterized by an increase in arterial pressure, followed by organomorphological changes. Hypertension is mainly caused by constant nervousness, depression and stress, increased amount of adrenaline in the blood, alcohol consumption, excessive obesity and other factors. This disease is one of the main diseases that lead to complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart attacks, and heart and kidney failure. The main symptoms of high blood pressure are headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears and heart failure. High blood pressure is more common in middle-aged and elderly people.

Atrioventricular (AV) heart block is a rare but significant adverse effect associated with the use of carbamazepine, a commonly prescribed antiepileptic medication. This abstract provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying carbamazepine-induced AV heart block, as well as management strategies for affected patients. The proposed mechanisms include direct effects on cardiac conduction pathways, alterations in electrolyte balance, and possible drug-drug interactions that may exacerbate cardiac conduction abnormalities. Clinically, patients may present with symptoms ranging from mild dizziness to severe syncope, necessitating timely diagnosis and intervention. Management strategies include discontinuation of carbamazepine, close monitoring of cardiac function, and potential use of temporary pacing in cases of significant AV block. This review aims to enhance awareness of this serious complication among healthcare professionals and underscores the importance of careful monitoring of cardiac function in patients receiving carbamazepine therapy. By understanding the mechanisms and appropriate management strategies, clinicians can improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.