Vol. 3 No. 03 (2021)

To study the state of systemic immunity and local immunity before and during chemotherapy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

From 2017 to 2018 at the Tashkent city branch of the Republican specialized scientific and practical medical center of oncology and radiology 20 primary metastatic patients with gastric adenocarcinoma received chemotherapy. The sampling of biological material (peripheral blood, tumor tissue) was carried out twice (before treatment and during the first control examination, after 3 courses). The percentage of the degree of infiltration of tumor tissue by lymphocytes (CD45+CD14-TILs) was estimated by flow cytometry; T cells (CD3+CD19-TILs); B cells (CD3-CD19+TILs); NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+TILs); CD16 and CD8 effector cells and their cytotoxic potential (CTP) (CD16+Perforin+TILs; CD16CTPTILs), (CD8+Perforin+TILs; CD8CTPTILs); regulatory T cells - NKT cells (CD3+CD16+CD56+TILs), CD4 (CD4+CD25+CD127-TILs) and CD8 (CD8+CD11b-CD28-TILs) regulatory cells and these parameters of systemic results. The factor of a favorable prognosis for PFS in patients with metastatic gastric cancer in the peripheral blood was an increase in the number of CD8 + T-regulatory cells (5.1% - 12.1%, p = 0.019), and in tumor tissue - an increase in the perforin potential of effector CD16 cells (0.5% - 4.9%, p = 0.030) and their cytotoxic potential (13.2% - 55.7%, p = 0.011). When assessing the changes in the indices of local immunity during chemotherapy, it was noted a negative effect of an increase of T cells (22.0% - -9.7%, p = 0.012), NKT - cells (207.9% - -13.8%, p = 0.002) and CD4 + T-regulatory cells (190.7% - -25.2%, p = 0.002). In contrast, an increase in the level of effector CD16 cells during chemotherapy increases the likelihood of surviving PFS - 9 months (-69.5% - 9.1%, p = 0.013).

Indicators of local and systemic immunity serve as additional prognostic factors for gastric cancer.

In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №5537 "On establishment of the Special Republican Commission on preparation of the Program of measures to prevent importation and spread of a new type of coronavirus in the Republic of Uzbekistan" dated January 29, 2020, and in accordance with the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan the list of primary prevention measures carried out by VPP in the primary health care system was developed.

Nowadays diseases related to oral cavity are very common among population. The following article aims at exploring the root causes and symptoms of a number of ailments of this type together with ways of treatment.

The features of the clinical course, symptoms and the difficulty of diagnosing traumatic injuries of the eye, orbit and optic nerve are described. A total of 952 patients with concomitant craniocerebral injuries and injuries to the eye, orbit, optic nerve were studied in 2018. The possibilities of computer tomography in the diagnosis of traumatic injuries of the visual tract combined with traumatic brain injury and differential diagnosis of intracranial injuries of the visual tract before the hospital and hospital stages were studied. In the structure of craniocerebral trauma, craniofacial accounted for 187 (19.6%), of which 118 (6%) eye injuries, 20 (10.6%) orbit injuries, 4 (2.1%) optic nerve injuries, 19 (10 %) of patients were diagnosed with a fracture of the walls of the orbit. In 5 (2.6%) patients, an isolated fracture of the lower orbital wall was revealed. Total: 158 men (84.4%), 29 women (15.5%). The patients underwent examination, including examination by a multidisciplinary team (neurosurgeon, maxillofacial surgeon, ENT and ophthalmologist). Anamnesis was studied in all patients, a comprehensive ophthalmological examination was performed: visometry (with optimal correction), refractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and neuro-ophthalmological examination. All patients underwent radiography of the orbits and skull in frontal and lateral projections, CT, MRI of the brain and orbits. To obtain additional information, 24 (12.8%) patients underwent a two-dimensional ultrasound examination - ultrasound - B SCAN of the eyeball, extraocular muscles and retrobulbar space. Timely topical diagnostics and qualified reconstructive surgeries performed in the early period of craniofacial trauma allows achieving regression of oculomotor disorders in 86.6%, prevents severe consequences and preserves the patient's vision.

Metastases to the peritoneum occur in 55-60% of patients with gastric cancer and are associated with a 5-year overall survival of 2%. Treatment options for these patients are limited, and targeted therapy or immunotherapy is not available. Rational therapeutic targets have yet to be found.In this review, we present the published literature and our own recent experience in molecular biology to identify important molecules and signalling pathways as well as cellular immunity involved in GC peritoneal metastases.

On the basis of comparative studies of physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid in patients with normal blood pressure, pre-hypertension, and clinically verified arterial hypertension, a violation of physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid has been identified: reduced rate of salivation, decrease in pH, increase in viscosity and surface tension, and reduced buffering capacity to neutralize acids and bases associated with high blood pressure. Decreased functional activity of the salivary glands may be a potential biomarker of hypertension. To assess their diagnostic value, the physicochemical parameters of oral fluid in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension require further research.

Nowadays allergic diseases are the most common diseases and affect the economic performance of different countries of the world. These diseases often affect children, adolescents and young adults, who should actively study or work. The main factors that determine the possibility of developing sensitization to various groups of allergens are the presence of exposure and the properties of a particular allergen.

Global climate changes on the planet have affected the amount of pollen of  plants and fungi. The use of new technologies in the food industry has radically changed the generally accepted understanding of the composition of a particular product. It is important to identify the causative allergenic product in order to prescribe optimal diet therapy.

Purpose of the study. To assess the effectiveness of the use of hemostatic agent "GEMOGUBKA" for the prevention of bleeding from the bed of the gallbladder during traditional cholecystectomy. Methods. The study included 88 patients operated for acute calculous cholecystitis. Depending on the method of bleeding hemostasis, all patients were divided into 2 groups: in the study group (n=43), after cholecystectomy, 250-300 mg of "GEMOGUBKA" in the form of a fine powder was applied to the gallbladder bed for hemostasis; in the control group (n=45), after cholecystectomy, hemostasis was carried out by electrocoagulation of the gallbladder bed with a monopolar electrode. All patients in the postoperative period underwent control-dynamic ultrasound examination, study of the volume and nature of the discharge from the drains, as well as a biochemical blood tests. Results. In the study group, the average duration of hemostasis with bleeding from the bladder bed was 2,3±1,3 minutes, which is almost 2 times less than in the control group - 4,2±1,5 minutes. The duration of bed-days after surgery was 4,5±0,78 days and 6,3±2,06 days, respectively. The duration of the presence of the drainage tubes in the abdominal cavity in the study group was 1,49±0,88 days, while in the control group it was 4,24±1,38 days. The dynamics of the manifestation of cytolytic syndrome showed a low degree of intraoperative aggression during hemostasis in the study group, which significantly differed from the high rates of cytolysis in the control group. In the study group of patients, it was possible to significantly reduce the proportion of serous-hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic discharge from the drainage tube in comparison with patients in the control group. Conclusion. The use of the biocomposition in the form of the hemostatic drug "GEMOGUBKA" allowed both to reduce the duration of bleeding from the bed of the gallbladder, and the incidence of local inflammatory complications of the surgical site during traditional cholecystectomy.

Reactive arthritis is an inflammatory lesion of the joints that occurs as a reaction to the invasion of the body by any infectious agents. The high social significance of nosologies dictates the need to search for reliable cartilage biomarkers that have diagnostic value not only in recognizing degenerative changes at an early stage of joint deseases, but also in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.

The quantitative content of flavonoids of the aerial part of the plant was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).  Using the inductively coupled plasma   mass   spectrometry   (ICP-MS)   method,   the   quantitative   content   of   vital   macro-and microelements in the various vegetative organs of the plant was determined.

Violation of the kidney filtration function is common enough among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially against disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (IGM). Renal dysfunction (PD) is associated with more frequent development of cardiovascular complications. In turn, the probability of development of renal disease in patients with cardiovascular disease is significantly higher than in general population. This bidirectional pathogenetic mechanisms existing between cardiovascular and kidney diseases were the basis for the formation of cardiorenal syndrome concept. The review discusses the general parts of pathogenesis within the cardiovascular continuum. In addition, it shows the effect on metabolic disorders during CVD combined with renal dysfunction. The review reveals a recent view on the main mechanisms of cardiorenal syndrome.                                                                                                   

In this scientific report, the authors analyze the results of epidemiological examination cards, as well as the medical history of operated patients for echinococcal disease. The studies were carried out by the authors according to the generally accepted methodology for a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence rate and at the same time an application form was created for examining patients suffering from hydatid disease. According to the authors, the developed “Model of the program of complex medical and diagnostic measures” is intended for early detection and for drawing up a plan for hygienic and surgical complex measures for echinococcal disease. The authors used highly informative research methods (ultrasound, CT, MSCT), as well as biochemical and morphological studies of patients with echinococcal disease in the pre- and postoperative period.

The research paper described morphological changes in the liver in traumatic brain injury. The study was conducted on 28 deceased patients, whose death occurred from various causes of traumatic brain injury, that is, traffic accidents, falls from a height and, less often, injuries caused by blunt hard objects. Under the influence of craniocerebral trauma, the deceased developed pathological processes in the liver tissue, plethora of the sinusoid of the hepatic lobule, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, followed by edema.

The aim of the present study was to study a new antiarrhythmic effect of N-deacetyllappaconitine on the general pharmacological irritant effect on the skin, when applied to the conjunctival sac of the eye, mucosal hyperemia and lacrimation, cumulative, allergenic and diuretic effects. At the same time, it does not cause changes, which makes it more secure.

The main content of the article is information about dental diseases and their types. Ways of development of dental diseases and measures for their elimination are given. Treatment is provided through folk medicine.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases in hepatology. First of all, this is associated with a high risk of progression of NAFLD with the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological and genetic studies have shown the relationship between the morphological stage of NAFLD and hereditary factors. The article provides a review of the literature on the cytokines, MBOAT7 and GCKR genes. Also, a variant of the MBOAT7 and GCKR gene is associated with a high risk of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD and elevated serum triglyceride levels.

The article reveals the essence of the concepts of "competence" and "competence-based approach", highlights the signs of competence. The difference between the content of the competence-based approach and the traditional one (knowledge-centric) is shown. The role of the competence-based approach in the training of future doctors is revealed.

On the basis of comparative studies of physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid in patients with normal blood pressure, pre-hypertension, and clinically verified arterial hypertension, a violation of physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid has been identified: reduced rate of salivation, decrease in pH, increase in viscosity and surface tension, and reduced buffering capacity to neutralize acids and bases associated with high blood pressure. Decreased functional activity of the salivary glands may be a potential biomarker of hypertension. To assess their diagnostic value, the physicochemical parameters of oral fluid in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension require further research.

The flow of information all over the world, the process of globulation, the rush of individual relations do not transfer its influence on the human psyche. As a result of external factors provoking negative changes in the human psyche, emotional exposure, tension, in general, a violation of the normative indicator of the state of health, psychosomatic disorder arises.

The role of human psychics in the origin, course and treatment of cancer as a result of the achievements of science, the integration of science has been reflected in the research carried out in the second half of the 20th century.

Most of allergic diseases are caused by allergic skin lesions.The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the enzyme agents in the correction of pancreatic insufficiency in children with atopic dermatitis.As a result of the study clinical and laboratory markers of relative pancreatic insufficiency were identified in 69.7% of the patients, who required the prescription of enzyme agents. The results also showed that in 92.5% of patients the correction of exocrine function disorders to a certain extent affects the regression of dermal manifestations. In the scatological tests the loss of neutral fat, normalization of the amount of elastase in feces serve to be a marker of the effectiveness of the enzymatic therapy.