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137
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 24-09-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume06Issue09-10
PAGE NO.: - 137-142
PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES
IN TASHKENT CITY STATE HIGHER
EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Maftuna Khayrullayeva
National university of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
Due to the attitude towards women in developed
societies and the opportunities created for them,
women conduct their activities in the same way as
men. An educated woman is considered to be the
path of development of the society, and it is she
who educates children and brings them to
adulthood. It forms their consciousness, outlook,
and level of knowledge. In this regard, the head of
our state said in his speech at the ceremony
dedicated to the International Women's Day of
2020, "Therefore, if we intend to raise our children
to be healthy and well-rounded people, loyal to the
Motherland, first of all, science and professions for
women it is appropriate to emphasize that they
have shown a special initiative, saying that we
should open the career paths wide. As a result, in
recent years, the number of our women who are
being recognized as an example to others with their
intelligence and intelligence, not only in our
country, but also abroad, is increasing. February
11 is International Women in Science Day. This day
has been celebrated since 2016, according to the
resolution of the UN General Assembly. The aim is
to focus on and support the potential of women in
science. Women play an important role in the
scientific and technological community. In
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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addition, if it is analyzed from the point of view of
education and science, since the Nobel Prize was
first established in 1901, a total of 61 women have
been awarded Nobel Prizes in various categories.
While this number shows progress towards gender
equality, it is important to note that the number of
women who have won the Nobel Prize is
significantly lower than the number of men (more
than 900). Of these, 6 women in Physics, 8 women
in Chemistry, 12 women in Medicine, 16 women in
Literature, 16 women in Peace, 3 women in
Economics He was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Scientists continue to be active in innovation
research. Women in science are discovering
extremely important medicines for life, exploring
space, and creating new inventions in other fields
of science.
At the same time, women make up less than 30% of
the total number of researchers in the world.
UNESCO is worried about the fact that women are
currently underrepresented in the field of
information and telecommunications - only 3%,
and in natural sciences and mathematics - 5%.
There is no doubt that their participation in science
on the basis of equal rights will play an extremely
important role in ensuring the diversity of
scientific research, expanding the circle of people
with unique talents, and achieving higher
achievements in science. The resolution of the
United Nations General Assembly calls on all
countries in the world to focus on these existing
problems, to identify the causes of gender
inequality in science, technology and innovation, as
well as to develop the necessary programs to
attract women to the field of science.
We know that the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, in his work
entitled "New Uzbekistan Strategy" stated that "the
main goal of the state policy in Uzbekistan today is
to pay attention and practical care to our women in
a new way." , bringing to a higher level,
strengthening the place and status of women in
society is to ensure their rights and interests. In
turn, they emphasized the need to consistently
apply the belief that "Giving knowledge to women
is to make the society knowledgeable, enlightened
and capable" [2]. Scientific research by women
scientists makes a significant contribution to the
development of production, industry, agriculture,
social and cultural spheres. Since 2018, the "100
best innovative projects of Uzbek women" contest
has been attended by students and schoolgirls,
programmers and businesswomen in order to put
rationalization proposals and innovative ideas into
practice. The competition "Grants of female
scientists" serves to support and encourage
women in the field of science. It is possible to name
hundreds of women who made a great contribution
to the development of science and spirituality of
our country, who left a name in the national history
with their unique talent, who have high intellectual
potential and a broad outlook. At the moment, the
issues related to increasing the influence and place
of women in scientific activity - helping scientists
to solve social problems in a timely manner,
creating
organizational
opportunities
for
conducting research, ending the problem of gender
discrimination in scientific activity, awarding
prestigious scientific awards for female scientists
research grants, expanding foreign internship
programs, increasing the academic mobility of
scientists, commercializing innovative ideas,
establishing social support projects, turning
science into a driver and generator of social
development in the further development of the
field is an effective solution.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine
women university faculty perceptions in a
particular state higher education climate. Through
the use of a survey instrument, female faculty
perceptions were ascertained regarding their
beliefs of the value of their work and productivity,
possible differences in treatment based on gender,
constraints put on women because of
responsibilities in the home, and potential
limitations on their career.
RESULTS
Today, 210 higher education institutions are
operating in Uzbekistan. The largest share of
higher education institutions belongs to the city of
Tashkent. (There are 96 higher education
institutions in total, 32 are state higher education
institutions, the rest are private and foreign higher
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education institutions [7]. From this we can know
that the highest scientific potential is concentrated
in higher education institutions of Tashkent city.
There are 5 academics in the republic, 1000 more
than 1500 PhD women scientists are engaged in
scientific research.
Currently, the scientists of Tashkent city, who are
conducting scientific research and pedagogical
activities in the state higher education institutions,
are leaders in their fields in the republic. Below we
will get acquainted with the activities of scientists
in the field of agriculture and biology related to it.
One of our female scientists is Dilfuza
Egamberdiyeva, who works at the National
Research University "Tashkent Institute of
Irrigation
and
Agricultural
Mechanization
Engineers" and D.Yo.Yormatova, a professor at the
Uzbekistan State University of World Languages.
Dilfuza Egamberdiyeva is considered to be one of
the quiet and genuine Uzbek scientists.
Delightfully, Dilfuza Egamberdiyeva was appointed
as the ambassador of the American Society for
Microbiology (ASM) in Uzbekistan. It would be
appropriate to say that this is confidence and
encouragement to the women of our country. The
activities of the American Society for Microbiology
(ASM), the oldest and largest single natural science
society in the world, are aimed at promoting and
developing the science of microbiology [5]. This
institution increases the scientific research
capacity of society and helps to strengthen
sustainable health systems around the world
through global cooperation and educational
programs. Dilfuza Egamberdiyeva's task is to
ensure the activities of the American Microbiology
Society in the country, to conduct scientific
research
in
mutual
cooperation.
Dilfuza
Egamberdiyeva graduated from the Faculty of
Biology of the National University of Uzbekistan
named after Mirzo Ulugbek, and in 2000 received
the degree of Doctor of Science at the Humboldt
University of Berlin, Faculty of Agriculture and
Horticulture. He continued his post-doctoral
studies at the universities of Helsinki, Manchester,
Leiden, Florence and the German Agricultural
Center. As they say, "Science cannot be acquired
without hard work", the restless Dilfuza
Egamberdiyeva worked as a professor at the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of
Ecology and Geography in 2019. As a result of the
cooperation with them, he began to lead the
Uzbekistan-China joint laboratory opened under
the National University of Uzbekistan. Dilfuza
Egamberdiyeva's research is focused on the study
of plant and soil microbiome, and currently she is
cooperating with scientists from more than 20
countries of the world [6]. Our compatriot, who
guides his students on the path of science, has been
a member of the Global Youth Academy since 2014,
and in 2017-2018 he is a member of the expert
council of the German federal government on
applied and humanitarian sciences. In 2018-2019,
she worked as a member of the expert council of
the UN Committee on World Food Security (HPLE).
D.Yo.Yormatova, a scientist known among farmers
as "Sister Soybean" or "Mother of the Soybean ", is
a professor of the Department of Natural Sciences
of the Uzbekistan State University of World
Languages [3]. The scientist made an
incomparable contribution to the expansion of the
shadow fields. Today, soybean areas in the republic
have exceeded 300,000 hectares. The scientist
created five varieties of soybean and received three
patents. High-yielding soybean varieties such as
culture "B", "Vavilov" are planted in large areas.
Even. as a result of his tireless work, he created the
early "Kelajak" variety of wheat, this variety has
high yield, and is genetically stable in its resistance
to diseases and insects. This variety is planted on
large areas in a number of regions of the republic,
and 83.4-90.2 centners of grain is obtained.
Ertapishar "Kelajak" variety was very well received
by farmers. The creation of this variety reduced the
amount of wheat and flour entering the republic
from Kazakhstan. Because this type of wheat
contains up to 46% gluten, it is the best quality
bread. This high-gluten variety was entered into
the State Register in 2015 and received Patent No.
NAP 2012 0008 of the Intellectual Property
Committee of the Republic in 2015, and a new
Patent for Culture "B" variety in 2021. He was the
first to bring an environmentally friendly oil-
producing olive plant to the republic, first it was
tested in Oltinsoy district of Surkhondarya region
and the first harvest was obtained. Collected olive
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tree collections and created two new varieties
named "Izumrud" and "Korakoz" and included
them in the State Register of 2015. These new
varieties have adapted to our soil and climate
conditions, and today the agrotechnics of growing
olive varieties have been developed in the republic.
For the first time in the republic, starting from
2018, olives are being harvested. A scientist
created olive breeding methods and made it
possible to provide the population with olive oil. As
a result of long-term efforts, olives in Oltinsoy
district are producing 30-40 kg of olives per tree.
This year, a 50-hectare olive plantation was
established in Oltinsoy district. His monographs
"Agrotechnics of olive cultivation" and "Olives of
Uzbekistan" were published for the first time. The
scientific work on olives is reflected in 70 articles
and 3 monographs, the technology of planting
soybeans between cotton rows is recommended by
the President to increase soil fertility and obtain
additional vegetable oil and animal feed, 2020
Andijan provided practical assistance to farmers in
the implementation of this event in the region.
Professor D.Yo.Yormatova graduated from the
Samarkand Agricultural Institute, worked at the
institute from an ordinary assistant to a professor
until 1997, and since 1997 has been the head of the
Department of Natural Sciences at the Uzbekistan
State University of World Languages, and currently
works as a professor of the department. is showing.
He wrote and published 63 textbooks, study guides
and monographs on agriculture and ecology. He
published 21 books on fiction, fiction is a scholar's
hobby, Turan folk writer, also publishes fiction
books. His works are "Yusuf and Zulayho", "Love of
Nadirabegim", "Circling love", "Love inscribed in
marble" and others. The scientist considers himself
a Babur scientist. He attends and attends all Babur-
related meetings and lectures. The English writer
Goskoin Bamber's work "The Great Baburs" was
translated into Uzbek, and he collected and
published all the articles related to Babur
Foundation and Babur.
48% of professors and teachers at the Faculty of
Biology of the National University of Uzbekistan
named after Mirzo Ulugbek are women. 56% of
women are scientists with a PhD, 17% with a DSc
degree. Gafurova Lazizakhan Akramovna, doctor of
biological sciences, professor, was the first female
soil scientist-doctor of science in the field of soil
science in the Republic. She is the chairman of the
expert council on "biological" sciences of the UAC
under the Cabinet of Ministers. Member of the
expert council of the Committee on Agrarian and
Water Management of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis.
Member of the Human Rights and Freedoms
Commission of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, regional representative of the Oliy
Majlis on Human Rights (Ombudsman) of the
Tashkent region. Gafurova Lazizakhan Akramovna
is a member of the editorial board of prestigious
journals - "Biological Journal of Uzbekistan",
"Uzbekistan Agrarian Science Bulletin", "Soil
Science and Agrochemistry", "Cotton Breeding and
Grain Breeding", "Mother Earth", "Agrochemical
Protection and plant quarantine" and "Vladimirsky
zemledeles", "Ispolzovanie i okhrana prirodnykh
resursov", "Problemy agrokhimii i ekologii" and
"Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy selskohozyyastvennoy
akademii". In 1998, she was the winner of the
"Most active woman" republican competition in the
category "Women active in the field of science".
Awarded with the Certificate of Honor in the
nomination of the Cabinet of Ministers in the
nomination "Vice Chancellor for the most effective
technology transfer" (2010), the Ministry of
Agriculture and Water Management (2006, 2010),
the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special
Education (2007, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2022),
diplomas of the Ministry of Innovative
Development (2019), Committee of Women and
Girls of Uzbekistan (2006, 2012, 2016, 2020) and
the Minister of Agriculture and Food of the Russian
Federation Awarded with Honorary Certificate
(2023).
Received the Gold Medal named after K. Timiryazev
(Russia, 2019). L.A. Gafurova - elected academician
of the Russian Academy of Sciences on June 2, 2022.
In 1999, he received the honorary title of
"Honorary Youth Coach in Uzbekistan". In 2011,
"20th anniversary of the independence of the
Republic of Uzbekistan", in 2017 "25 years of the
Constitution of Uzbekistan", in 2022 "30 years of
the Constitution of Uzbekistan" commemorative
badge, in 2023 "Reputable Woman" badge, 2023 In
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After defending his doctoral thesis, he wrote more
than 400 scientific works, including 26
monographs, including 7 foreign ones, 3 atlases,
including 1 foreign one, 17 patents and certificates,
including 2 foreign ones, textbooks and o
educational manuals - 16, including foreign ones -
7. L.A. Gafurova's Hirsch index is h-index 4
according to "Scopus", h-index 1 according to "Web
of Science", h-index 7 according to "Google Scholar"
and h-index 4 according to RINS. 4 DSc, 20 PhD
students defended their dissertations and received
diplomas.
The reforms in the field of science and scientific
activity, the practical results achieved in the
development of the scientific personnel training
system are a huge factor in ensuring the
development of our country, in particular, in
attracting more women to the field of science. In
particular, if we talk about the current situation of
women scientists in the field of biology in
Uzbekistan, their competences in scientific,
scientific and research institutions and production,
the increase of intelligent women in the society is
important for the upbringing of a healthy-minded,
potential young generation. Our modern young
female biologist scientists: Shahlo Turdiqulova,
doctor of biological sciences, head of the
department of genetics and biotechnology of
SamSU, candidate of biological sciences, associate
professor
Gavhar
Dushanova,
Khurshida
Ubaidullayeva - an internationally known scientist
in genetic engineering, doctor of biological
sciences. He worked on the creation of productive
varieties of cotton "Polarok". Qulmamatova
Dilafruz, doctor of biological sciences (DSc), senior
researcher at the Institute of Genetics and
Experimental Plant Biology of the Academy of
Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Negmatova
Surayyo Teshayevna, winner of the "Intelligent
Woman" nomination of the national award
"Uzbegim Ayoli - 2020", holder of the Order of
Fame Our scientists such as Doctor of Economic
Sciences, Senior Researcher, Doctor of Biological
Sciences Artikova Hafiza Toymurodovna, Professor
are constantly conducting research in science
today [4].
Today, we are proud of the above-mentioned
biologists, and we try to follow them. But there are
some depressing situations here. Let's talk about
the challenges and obstacles faced by female
biologists in Uzbekistan, as well as potential
opportunities and strategies for achieving "gender
equality" and success in the field.
DISCUSSION
Although there are few cases of discrimination
against women in the field of science, it is a
common situation. Evaluating a woman's
contribution to science, creating artificial obstacles
by someone in various processes of her scientific
career, this is equivalent to harming not only that
researcher, but also the scientific community.
Because the scientific discovery or scientific
research of a woman who claims to be a scientist
can be useful for the society and the nation.
Another problem is that although women work in
fields related to modern technologies, they face
serious obstacles in moving up the career ladder.
For example, if someone goes on vacation because
she is pregnant, someone else suffers from the
unfair treatment of the management. In recent
years, it has been observed that the attitude
towards women in the corporate world is
somewhat changing. Therefore, the leaders of most
companies understand that diversifying the
workforce is a convenient way to increase income.
However, there are still many obstacles to the rapid
progress of women in the field of science. One of
such pitfalls is limited access to education.
According to UNESCO experts, women should
become an integral part of the digital economy. So
that in the Fourth Industrial Revolution there is no
place for such an unacceptable tradition as "gender
inequality".
Consequently, a strategy for achieving gender
equality in the Republic of Uzbekistan by 2030 has
been developed [1]. The strategy of achieving
gender equality in the Republic of Uzbekistan until
2030 by the Decision of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis
of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. SQ-297-IV of May
28, 2021 (Gender Strategy); The target indicators
of the gender strategy have been approved[8].
For the gradual implementation of the gender
strategy in 2023-2030, it is envisaged to approve
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the programs of comprehensive measures each
year.
One of the important measures to combat gender
discrimination in the field of science is the creation
of an appropriate database, taking into account the
demand for scientists. The organization currently
working on this information has 500 scientists in
its composition. On the one hand, they are helping
women to get an education and get a job, and on the
other hand, they are consistently engaged in
encouraging those who have achieved certain
results.
Unfortunately, women still do not have a sufficient
position in the fields of science and computer,
informatics, technology. We will give a real
example for those who interpret this situation in
connection with factors such as women's
"inferiority" or being entangled in the worries of
children and livelihood.
Such obstacles will only make the mind dull, cause
minor irritations and even coldness from science. It
is the demand of today's times that women
scientists should not stop scientific research.
Scholars have their own spiritual and moral
criteria. It is necessary to follow these criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Briefly, in recent years, the number of our women
who are being recognized as an example to others
with their intelligence and intelligence, not only in
our country, but also abroad, is increasing. Taking
this into account, I would like to conclude with the
following conclusions:
First of all, we should respond to the attention of
the head of state to women in the field of science
with our scientific research and discoveries.
Secondly, let the Society of Women Scientists,
established under the State Committee for Family
and Women, become a scientific platform where
women scientists can speak their minds. It should
be noted that one of the factors that serve the
development of society and contribute to the
development of human capital is determined by the
large share of scientists in the field of science.
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