THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE06
42
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 11-06-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume06Issue06-08
PAGE NO.: - 42-46
LABOR EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH
SPECIAL EDUCATION NEEDS
Laylo Sh. Nurmukhamedova
Associate Professor, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, named after Nizami, PhD,
Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
Currently, on the initiative of the President, care is
being taken in our country to restore the health of
mothers and children, to provide education and
training to children born with disabilities, weak
and other defects, and to raise them to be useful
people for society. A number of laws and decisions
of our state include the measures related to the full
education of needy children, the support of the
society, their integration into the society as well as
the healthy ones, and adapt them to the social life.
Currently, on the initiative of the President, care is
being taken in our country to restore the health of
mothers and children, to provide education and
training to children born with disabilities, weak
and other defects, and to raise them to become
useful people for society. Especially in recent
years, in our republic, tasks such as comprehensive
support of the population in need of social
protection, including helping them to engage in
work training activities [8]. Today's social- in the
economic conditions of human life and the process
of self-determination of students' independent,
communication skills and simple labor skills has
qualitatively different characteristics, and the
educational school has its own destiny. Labor is a
conscious, purposeful and non-prohibited activity
of producing (creating) material or spiritual goods
that can satisfy the specific needs of a person. The
word "work" includes a number of concepts.
During life, a person works a lot of time, more
precisely, every day. Labor education for mentally
retarded children begins with the family, parents
teach their children to dress, eat, wash dishes,
clean things, parents teach their children
everything that is useful for us to get to know the
outside world.
Every parent wants to raise their child to be
hardworking. It is labor activity and its
transmission from generation to generation that
preserves the experience of labor activity and at
the same time ensures their preparation for future
independent activity. The leading activity of the
special boarding school at the primary school age
is the educational activity. In the course of
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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educational activities, a student with a mental
retardation should probably master the basic
scientific concepts in a short time. At the same
time, the mentally retarded student gradually
learns the content of new scientific concepts and
learns a new type of activity - learning methods. It
is also of great scientific and practical importance
to develop the skills and competencies of working
with information in specialized schools and
boarding schools, to improve the quality of labor
education and to ensure the formation of
graduates as competitive specialists in the labor
market. have The reform of the modern education
and training system implemented in our Republic,
and the establishment of the training of personnel
in accordance with the requirements of the time,
should be the main direction of our activity.
Therefore, in order to ensure the development of
the country in all aspects, to further improve the
lifestyle of the population, and to achieve the noble
and lofty goals of bringing up well-rounded
children, the system of state support for persons
with disabilities, established by the decree of the
Republic of Uzbekistan "On Fundamental
Improvement Measures", the main tasks of further
improvement of the system of state support for
persons with disabilities are defined[6]. Indeed, a
person who has reached the heights of knowledge
and is able to find his place in society is a positive
meaning for his country and fellow citizens. It is
precisely these results that are expected for
students with mental retardation, and the
uniqueness of information and communication
technologies polishes the entire educational
system. Article 23 of the Law "On Education" states
that "Specialized educational institutions will be
established for the education and training of
children and adolescents with physical or mental
disabilities, as well as those who need long-term
treatment." The very fact that it is said is a sign of
the great humanity of our society [1, 2].
Today, especially in order to improve the quality of
education, various technical tools are being
developed or adapted for use in educational areas.
These technical tools used to include a number of
tools such as tape recorders and televisions, but
today they are replaced by modern technical tools
such as video projectors, computers, and computer
screens. By technical means, we should not
understand only the above-mentioned means.
Technical means can be different depending on the
subject in which they are used.
As shown in the work process, it leads to the
development of activity management and
activation processes. In education, it is, first of all,
the formation of generalized educational and labor
skills, which reflect the child's level of
development more than specific knowledge, skills
and abilities. Generalized skills include forming the
goal of the activity, collecting the necessary
information for work, actualizing the experience
related to the goal, mentally solving (planning) the
educational task. During the performance of a
practical task, there are controlling and activating
components of activity, self-control and self-
evaluation, experiencing emotions, volitional
aspirations serve. Thus, correction in education is
directed to the motivational, emotional-volitional,
sensorial, mental components of activity, to the
formation of suitable qualities of the child. It is
important to teach work, writing, drawing, and
physical education, as well as to correct the motor
skills of students. degrees of independence serve.
But of course, these indicators can be used only
under the condition that the child should get the
correct results.
Independence, as a criterion of development, is
manifested in the performance of educational
tasks that require the ability to change basic
information to a certain extent and take into
account new conditions of activity. Thus,
correctional work in a specialized school, boarding
school is refers to the organization of learning in
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such a way that it stimulates the development of
the processes of management and activation of
educational activities and, on this basis, increases
the educational opportunities of students with
intellectual disabilities. From this, correction can
be understood, on the one hand, as a way of
development of a mentally retarded child, and on
the other hand, as a method that ensures more
effective learning of educational material[90].
Consistency is characteristic of the goals that form
work skills, because it is necessary to implement
the development of a relatively small group of
qualities that represent the formation of activity
control and activation in each training session.
When moving to a new educational material in the
course of teaching, there is usually not a complete
change of correctional goals, but a change in the
priority of one of them. for example, at the very
beginning of working on a product in technology
classes, students get to know its structure without
getting into the main technological operations.
However, the issues of theoretical justification of
this process and didactic support of the process of
informatization in the formation of labor skills
have not been developed enough. The
developmental function in teaching weak children
has important features. The main one of them is
that this function depends on the place occupied by
students in social adaptation. If the educational
and educational functions of teaching rely on
certain established levels of development, the
developmental
function
creates
internal
conditions
for
the
child's
educational
development. Based on these conditions, his area
of immediate development embraces new material
and moves to a higher level of real development.
But it is precisely in mastering new things that the
main shortcomings in education of mentally
retarded students are revealed. Accordingly, the
effectiveness of the educational process in a
specialized school, boarding school depends to a
large extent on the internal conditions of students'
activities - their needs, abilities, experiences,
educational activities. The developmental function
of teaching is aimed at solving such a task, and it
has a corrective character in the conditions of a
specialized school, boarding school.
The main condition for the organization of
technology lessons is the teacher's ability to
distinguish corrective goals. When planning it,
these goals should reflect teaching methods and
methods. For example, when setting an
educational goal - the formation of students' image
of the final result of the work to be carried out, the
teacher also assumes a corrective goal - the
development of the ability to understand the
educational task [101].
For this purpose, he organizes an algorithm of item
analysis in the lesson, an oral report on the
mastery of the task, performance of preparatory
work (tables), control of the mastery of the work
goal, etc. The methodology of conducting the initial
stage of the activity, on the one hand, forms the
image of a clear goal, on the other hand, it improves
the generalized skill of understanding the task and
cultivates the habit of not starting work without
mastering the goal of the activity in detail.
It showed the ineffectiveness of correctional
exercises carried out separately from the
educational tasks of practical training in
specialized schools and boarding schools, because
it was an attempt to develop special mental
characteristics of students outside of their
structural connection. Such training cannot have a
positive effect on the development of management
processes of activity. In addition, he did not take
into account the role of teaching motivation. The
scientific direction developed in special pedagogy
related to the formation of work skills and practical
skills, until recently, was more related to the
training of mentally retarded children for
professional work. was related [53]. Work activity
in
oligophrenopedagogy
was
traditionally
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considered as a necessary condition for
eliminating developmental defects of children of
the mentioned category. Formation of labor skills
in specialized schools and boarding schools for
mentally retarded children is achieved along with
solving educational tasks. In turn, the educational
impact on the students of these institutions is
provided by the unity and harmony of academic
and extracurricular activities. It should be noted
that all forms of human activity are characterized
by goal orientation and consciousness. Labor
activity is motivated by certain motives and
directed towards achieving conscious goals. It is
done through actions.
Motives of labor activity are its motivator, goals are
achieved for it, the system of stable motives of
labor activity is its motivation. The socio-economic
conditions in which a person always exists are
expressed in the motivation of labor activity. It is
necessary for a person to have an image of the task
in his mind, to know the requirements for the work
process, to follow a certain plan, to know how to
monitor the results obtained, and in necessary
cases, to make corrections to his activity, that is, in
an expanded form, labor activity is the following
series consists of stages: Initial stage -
understanding the purpose of the activity,
formation of additional information - ideas and
knowledge about the initial materials, tools
necessary for work. All this is the initial direction
in the task. Carrying out the voluntary labor task in
a certain sequence - planning the course and the
content of the work to be performed. After
planning the work, its execution is carried out
directly. At all stages of the performance of the
work task, the worker must control his actions and
compare the obtained results with the model, that
is, perform self-control. This is a necessary
condition for goal-oriented work. Using the results
of self-control, a person can make timely
adjustments to his activity, manage it in
accordance with the set goal.
Acquiring the voluntary form of labor activity is
related to the acquisition of certain knowledge,
labor skills and qualifications. In addition, work is
a necessary condition and means of education.
Didactic basis of work activity of mentally retarded
children. The difficulties encountered by
pedagogues in teaching mentally retarded children
have always led to the idea that it is necessary to
eliminate the shortcomings inherent in these
children and thereby increase their educational
opportunities. Initial attempts to solve the
correctional tasks known from the history of
oligophrenopedagogy, the presence of certain
qualities of the person and their development (for
example, will), improving the reading ability of a
mentally retarded child and thus his general
development was based on the idea that the level
could be increased. Psychological research has
shown that this idea is wrong, because it does not
take into account the interrelationship and
interdependence of the mental characteristics of a
person. it is necessary to proceed from the rule of
implementation in the activity. Accordingly, the
object of correctional work should be the activity
of students and, first of all, the most disturbed
processes of mental retardation. Technology
classes create favorable conditions for the
correction of defects in work and cognitive activity
of mentally retarded children. The development of
thinking processes in technology classes is
explained by the fact that students do not only
follow the teacher's orders, but also work
according to their own wishes and plans. It is
related to the moral, physical and aesthetic
education of mentally retarded students during the
work process. Thus, labor education in a
specialized school, a boarding school, as one of the
ordinary subjects of science, is of great importance
and has a great influence on the future fate of
students.
REFERENCES
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