THE USA JOURNALS
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VOLUME 06 ISSUE10
105
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PUBLISHED DATE: - 30-10-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume06Issue10-12
PAGE NO.: -105-108
ABOUT THE WORKS "KOFIYA" AND "SHARHI
MULLO"
Juraeva Madina Abdujalilovna
Teacher Of The Department Of Oriental Philology Of Alfraganus University
Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
In its development, the Uzbek language was in
contact with Turkic and non-Turkic languages,
which directly influenced the grammatical
structure of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language.
Especially, the spread of Islam in Central Asia and
along the Volga, and the spread of Arabic as a
scientific language after the 11th century led to the
widespread spread of Arabic elements in the
Uzbek language.
In addition, most of the scientific and literary
works related to the history of our spirituality are
written in Arabic. Today, the study of these works
is of great importance and is considered an
important source for those who conduct scientific
research in such subjects as language and
literature, history. Studying the Arabic script and
language allows you to get acquainted with
historical sources and use them for scientific and
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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practical purposes.
Arabic is one of the most studied languages in the
world and is still being studied. The richness of the
vocabulary and the diversity of its rules, the
number of possibilities of using one word in
several ways, makes it stand out among the
languages in perfection. At the same time, it takes
the first place in the world due to the large number
of dialects.
In general, the history of Arab grammar - Nahv
science was formed in a very short period of time -
during the second half of the 7th century and the
first half of the 8th century, and it was highlighted
as a perfect science. During these periods, Yahya
Advani, Abdullah bin Ishaq Khazrumi, Isa bin Umar
Saqafi, Khalil bin Ahmad Farahidi, Sebawayh, Kisai,
Abulhasan Akhfash, Salih bin Ishaq Aljurmi, Bakr
bin Osman Mazini, Mubarrad, Abu Ishaq az-Zajjoj,
Abu Ali Farisi, Hassan Scholars such as Sayrafi,
Sheikh Abdul Qahir Jurjani, and Ibn Hajib
developed Nahv science with their valuable works.
"Nahv is the father of knowledge" they brought
him to perfection. Central Asia, more precisely,
Movarounnahr scholars were not left out of this
educational process. Scholars such as Abu
Abdullah Khorazmi, Mahmud Zamakhshari,
Mutarizzi, Sa'duddin Taftazani, Sayyid Sharif
Jurjani, Abdurrahman Jami, Abdulgafur Lori,
Mawlavi Sharif Husayni, Inayatullah Bukhari made
their incomparable contributions to the science of
Arabic language grammar and usage.
Their works were copied over and over again on
this land, and the talibite knowledge was used as a
spiritual food. Scholars began to study and even
memorize these works. The works of the scholars
of Nahv were commented on by the scholars of the
later period. More than fifty commentaries and
footnotes were written on some works, which is a
clear proof of how popular they were, how popular
and popular they were among students. Works,
pamphlets, manuals, and small text notes related
to such language are kept in the manuscript fund of
the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu
Rayhan Beruni. In this research, we tried to study
the work of Abdurrahman Jami, "Al-Favoido-z-
Ziyaiyya", which is one of the best and most famous
manuscripts of this type, from the point of view of
linguistics. Ibn Hajib's work "Kofiya" is
distinguished by the large number of copies of the
commentaries and commentaries written on it.
This means that in the Middle Ages this work was
the main manual of nahw in madrasahs. The most
famous among his commentaries is Abdurrahman
Jami's work "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya", popularly
known as "Sharhi Mulla". We can conclude from
our thoughts and opinions in our scientific work
that the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental
Studies named after FA Abu Rayhan Beruni of the
Republic of Uzbekistan has the most copies of the
Nahw manuscript "Sharhi Mullo". During our
research, we found out that there are 114
manuscript copies of this work in the manuscript
fund and another copy in the state library named
after Alisher Navoi.
Manuscript copies of the work "Al-Favoidu-z-
Ziyaiyya" in the fund of the Institute of Oriental
Studies named after FA Abu Rayhan Beruni of
Uzbekistan cover the period from the time of
creation of the work to the beginning of the 20th
century. The manuscripts of the work were copied
mainly in Afghanistan (Khirot), Pakistan, India,
Tashkent, Ferghana Valley, including Kokand and
Andijan, Chust, and Bukhara.
Manuscripts of "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya" copied in
Tashkent are distinguished by their literate
copying, completeness and good preservation.
They play an important and reliable role in the
study of the work. "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya" consists
of an introduction and nine chapters. The work is
not specifically studied from the point of view of
linguistics.
The scientific analysis of the work is among his
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popular "Sharhi Mulla", "Al-Fawoid fi sharkh "al
Kofiya", "Sharh i Kofiya", "Sharhi "Kofiya" yi Ibn
Hajib", "Sharhi Jami", "Al Fawoid az Ziyaiyya fi ilm".
showed that he gained fame with names such as al-
Kofiya. Since its creation, this work has been
copied in the form of many manuscripts due to its
scientific thoroughness and practical convenience,
and it is considered a rare source on Arabic
grammar.
Ibn Hajib's work "Kofiya" was one of the main
textbooks in the system of higher education in the
Arabic language of Madrasahs of the Central Asian
region. In terms of style, this work is very close to
the style of Mahmud Zamakhshari, including the
grammatical categories, their descriptions,
methods of narration, and even the examples given
in the works "Mufassal" and "Al-Unmuzaj fi-n-
nahv" are very similar to each other.
Since Kofiya is a slightly more complex work for
students of Arabic grammar, many commentaries
have been written on it in order to fully understand
the work. But among the commentaries written on
the work, the most perfect is Jami's work "Al-
Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya", popularly known as "Sharhi
Mulla".
After Jami wrote Sharhi Mulla, students mainly
turned to Jami's commentary to fully understand
the Arabic grammatical categories covered in
Kofiya. In the work "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya" the
grammar of the Arabic language is very extensive,
detailed and fluently explained.
For this reason, this commentary is widely studied
among students and intellectuals and becomes so
popular that its commentary "Al-Favoido-z-
Ziyaiyya" replaces the work "Kofiya" which is
considered one of the main textbooks on Arabic
language grammar in madrasas.
"Kofiya" cannot be understood without Jami,
although "Sharhi Mullo" was written as a
commentary on Kofiya, but it is a separate work in
itself. "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya" is one of the perfect
works on the Arabic language, which is still of high
scientific importance today. Abdurrahman Jami
commented on the grammatical categories given in
"Kofiya" in his work "Al-Fawaidou-z-Ziyaiyya", and
commented on each word of the sentences quoted
by Ibn Hajib in this regard. Also, some features of
Arabic grammar that are not mentioned in "Kofiya"
have been covered in a very perfect way.
In particular, we have seen that Jami gave a very
extensive interpretation of the subject of
برعم
- i.e.
changing (variable) nouns described in the work
"Kofiya". While the work "Kofiya" gave general
information about the different names and their
types,
Abdurahman
Jami
expanded
this
information and explained it in a simple style with
examples.
In the work, the scholar mainly emphasizes the
Arabic word group Ism. The main part of the work
is devoted to the place and description of the noun
group in the sentence. Jami's unique approach is
observed in explaining the grammatical rules
encountered in this topic. In particular, when
comparing the work "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya" with
other works related to Nahw, it was found that the
issues of syntax and morphology described in it are
explained according to the principle that meets the
requirements of today. Jami analyzes the topic
logically and grammatically and makes it clear.
Each topic statement is provided with an analysis
of factual examples.
Also, each topic described in "Al-Favoidu-z-
Ziyaiyya" is distinguished by the fact that it is
explained in a somewhat broader, detailed, simple,
fluent language.
CONCLUSION
As we have seen above, Abdurrahman Jami's
"Sharhi Mulla" is a commentary written on the
basis of a comparative study of Ibn Hajib's "Kofiya",
and Movarounnahr was recognized as an
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independent work in Arabic linguistics. Jami
completed "Kofiya" in which he explained the
specific features of Arabic grammar rules. After
Jami's work, no complete grammatical work on the
grammar of the Arabic language was created in
Central Asia.
In commenting on the topics, Abdurahman Jami
cited the opinions of famous Arab linguists such as
Sibaveyhi, Mahmud Zamakhshari, and compared
them. At the same time, Jami did not follow the
opinions of Basra or Kufa school of linguists in his
work when explaining the grammar of the Arabic
language. In general, the methods of covering
Arabic grammar in Abdurrahman Jami's work "Al-
Favoidu-z-Ziyaiyya", apart from some differences
in the grammatical terms in the work, the grammar
of the Arabic literary language created by
Sibawayhi and developed by our compatriots
Mahmud Zamakhshari and Abdurrahman Jami is
perfect even today. shows.
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