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PUBLISHED DATE: - 22-12-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume06Issue12-13
PAGE NO.: - 263-267
ANALYSIS OF THE LEXICAL AND
TERMINOLOGICAL MEANINGS OF TERMS
RELATED TO TRADE IN ISLAMIC LAW
Sidiqova Ma'mura
Tashkent City Oriental University, Teacher of the Department of Oriental Languages,
Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
The history of the development of Arabic
terminology consists of two stages
–
classical and
modern. The development of traditional medieval
religious sciences, such as Shari'ah, Arabic
linguistics, history, poetry, and some other fields in
Arabic, is evidenced by the fact that they were
already fully endowed with independent terms. At
the same time, it is observed that in addition to the
terms that are Arabic in origin, there were also
well
–
adapted assimilations from among the terms
related
to
natural
sciences-chemistry,
mathematics, geometry, Mechanics, Astronomy
and philosophy, logic, music, which were reflected
in Greek at that time[1, 47].
The assimilation of terms in other languages is
carried out in different ways. This uses the
language tools themselves, which are designed to
enrich the Universal vocabulary when creating a
term and filling out a set of terms. The following
methods are used in this:
1.Terminating specific concepts that once existed
or are currently present in the language lexicon.
2. Creating new terms based on existing laws in the
language.
3. Translation of terms and term combinations and
their reduction and transformation into a complex
word as the next process.
4.Direct acquisition of Terms[2, 66] . It was also
based on the above laws in the derivation of terms
related to economics in Arabic.
For the concept of” term“, in Arabic
- al-istilah
(
حلاطصلاا
) is a word, meaning
”
mutual agreement".
Consent of a certain group of people to the use of
certain words in special meanings. As a result,
many words had two meanings for a common
language (lugavian) and a “contract” or
terminological (Isthmian).
Below are the Uzbek translations of
commercial terms in Arabic, the pre-Islamic and
post-Islamic terms, and the colloquial terms for
trade in Arabic in modern times.
عيبلا
-
عاب
-
عيبي
-
ةلدابملا / ءارشلا / اعيب
-commercial -
The term
عيبلا
is a verb of the category ajvaf[3, 87]
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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of the sulusian abstract, meaning to replace one
thing with another as a lexical unit. The verb
عاب
is
a transitive verb followed by a complement
without means, such as
عيبلا . ييشلا تعب
sozinig
is more than twenty species, some of which are
cited in his commentary[4] . Arabs used the word
in circulation even before Islam. Synonyms for the
word are
خخصلا ا ارشلا ءاطعللا
s, and are used to
mean the word
عيبلا
. These synonyms can also be
called antonyms. The word
تتععب
.can also be used
to mean I sold a good or bought a good. Scholars
have made various opinions on the origin of the
word. Some say that
عابلا
is derived from
“
bo
’
is the
distance between the fingers and the transmitted
hand, that is, the unit of measure of length, equal at
3 or 4 cm
”.
Others say that
عابلا
is derived from the
word” property " because trade assumes
ownership of property. The term's meaning as a
term is to exchange the seller's property away, for
money that enters the buyer's property, or in
exchange for some good, without debt or rebate[5]
. The book "Hidoya” describes it as" the exchange
of a mole for a mole with the consent of two parties
" [6] .
The Qur'an mentions the word
عيبلا
in the Bakara
Surah of Karim[7] .
{
اَبِّ رلا َمَّرَحَو َعْيَبْلا ُ َّللَّا َّلَحَأَو
}
"And yet Allah has forbidden Commerce, and it is
forbidden for it." In this verse, the word
عيبلا
came
from the goddess of Commerce.
The word
عيبلا
is also mentioned in the Hadith in
the Times of Kum, one of these hadiths can be
found below.
رباج نع
-
هنع الله يضر
-
الله لوسر نأ
-
الله ىلص
ملسو هيلع
-
اذإو عاب اذإ ًاحمس ًلاجر الله محر( :لاق
ا
يراخبلا هاور .ىضتقا اذإو ىرتش
.
It is narrated from Jobir ibn Abdullah roziyallahu
anhumah: “Allah has mercy on the one who is
tolerant both when he sells and when he buys, and
when he demands the truth."they said[8] ”
ةراجتلا
–
رجت
–
رجتي
-
لا .ةراجت و ارجت
ىلع لادلا ردصم
ةنهملا
. Commercial -
The word
ةراجتلا
is used in the dictionary to mean
"commercial walking, trading". In istolah, however,
the scribes used several closely related meanings
in the tariff of Commerce: “Commerce” is the
purchase of one thing
for sale and for profit”;
“Commerce” is the search for profit by purchase
and sale."; "Commercial” is the conversion of goods
for profit", etc[9] .
The Qur'an is mentioned in Karim as well as in
Hadith Sharifs in the sense of “trading” the word
ةراجتلا
.
}
َي
ْنَأ َّلاِّإ ِّلِّطاَبْلاِّب ْمُكَنْيَب ْمُكَلاَوْمَأ اوُلُكْأَت َلا اوُنَمآ َنيِّذَّلا اَهُّيَأا
َ َّللَّا َّنِّإ ْمُك َسُفنَأ اوُلُتْقَت َلاَو ْمُكْنِّم ٍضاَرَت ْنَع ًةَراَجِّت َنوُكَت
اًميِّحَر ْمُكِّب َناَك
{
“O you who believe! Do not feed each other's goods
in a foolish way. Except if it is commercial by
mutual consent, it is okay. Don't kill yourself.
Surely Allah is most merciful to you.”
اذإ مهنكل و نورجتي و نوعيابتي موقلا ناك :ةداتق لاق و
نع عيب لا و ةراجت مههلت مأ الله قوقح نم قح مهبان
لإ هودؤي ىتح الله ركذ
الله ى
.
Says, " people were trading and trading among
themselves. But if they had any of the rights of
Allah, they would not have been distracted by the
remembrance of Allah, neither commerce nor
commerce, unless they had fulfilled it to Allah[11].”
بملا
تاعي
–
هنكل و ماعط ريغ نوكي دق و اماعط نوكي دق
تاعيبملا .عورذم وأ دودعم وأ نوزوم وأ لايكم
are trade goods of different appearance and sex.
Since the types of trade goods are different, masdar
is brought in plural form. Trade goods measured in
scales, sold in grains, and sold in scales[11] . The
word
تاعيبملا
translates into Uzbek as goods or
trade agreements. At this point, the words
قيوستلا
and
تاعيبملا
can be mentioned as related and
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distinct.
قيوستلا
i.e. marketing is a set of
techniques and tactics aimed at improving the
reach of a product to a consumer. In other words,
marketing involves actions in which brands are
able to satisfy the needs or desires of their
products consumers. As for
تاعيبملا
, it is possible
to understand the meaning of goods or services
that can meet the needs of the buyer. The two
terms complement each other[11] .
ارشلا
\
\
ءارتشللا
-to pay and receive goods The word
ءارشلا
is derived from boblarinig being the third person
who is the Masdar of
راش ,يراشأ ,تيراش
.
The terms
عيبلا
And
ءارشلا
are also used as
synonyms-that is, it does not matter whether the
exchange is in a mole or in something other than a
mole. The meaning of
ءارشلا
is
”
to pay money and
take goods".
باجيلاا
-
عيبلا قوسلا نيمأ ,بجوأ ردصم
همزلأ :
consent -
باجيللا
is a Masdar of Chapter IV
in the sense of confession, confirmation, consent.
This is what one of the two parties trading in the
invasion said earlier about the trade
.
لوبقلا
–
سفنلا ليم و و يشلاب اارلا .لوبُقلا وأ لوبَقلا
هيلإ
-
لوبقل ا
It means” acceptance, a
greement, consent". At the
time of trading in the occupation is the statement
of one of the two parties after the review about
trading . The terms
باجييلا
And
لوبقلا
are words
that are often repeated in various chapters of fiqh
books. In economic, trade-related matters, this
term is translated into Uzbek as “Proposal and
accent”. The word accent is adopted from Latin,
meaning consent to the payment of money, bills,
documents of goods or the payment of goods, or
surety for payment. That is, consent to the
conclusion of a contract under the proposed terms
.
شرلأا
-
ةيدلا
tollow, badal -
شرلأا
means
“
payment,
contribution” in the dictionary. It turned out that
the difference between an innocent and a guilty
commodity, that is, you bought something for a
thousand rubles, was the culprit after you paid. If
you want you get the money by returning the
goods, if you want you get the
“
شرلأا
”
that is, you
get a portion of the money you paid . In the Middle
Ages, the term was used to mean a fine paid in
return for a crime. We can see this in the following
Hadith Sharif
اهمساو( رضنلا ةنبا نأ" هنع الله يضر سنأ نع يور
اوبلطو شرلأا اوبلطف ،ةيراج )ةينث( نس ترسك )عيبرلا
الله لوسر اوتأف ،اوبأف ،وفعلا
ﷺ
لاقف ،صاصقلاب مهرمأف
يذلاو لا ؟الله لوسر اي عيبرلا ةينث رسكتأ :رضنلا نب سنأ
ب
الله باتك ،سنأ اي :لاقف ،اهتينث رسكُت لا قحلاب كثع
يضرف :يرازفلا دازو ...اوفعو موقلا يضرف .صاصقلا
شرلأا اولبقو موقلا
"
Anas roziyallohu anhu said this: "Rubayyi'
–
she is
Nazir's daughter-broke a maid's shovel tooth. (The
guilty party) had received compensation and asked
for forgiveness, which were not persuaded. Then
the Prophet sollallohu alayhi and had come to
Sallam, ordered them to take revenge. Then Anas
ibn Nazir said, " will Rubayyi's shovel tooth Be
Broken, O Messenger of Allah? By the one who sent
you with the truth, his shovel teeth will not be
broken!"he said. He said,” O Anas, the assumption
of God is revenge, "so that his people agreed and
forgave him, and the Prophet said," peace be upon
him, and sallam said,” Surely, if he swears with God
in the servants of God, he will have those who
justify him.
”
سيفنلا
-
رييك لام
qimmatalaq -
سيفنلا
means “precious” in the di
ctionary. It is used in
relation to precious metal, raw materials,
Securities and jewelry products.
سيسخلا
-
وأ ليلق
سخ نم لعاف / ييند
arzon price -
سيسخلا
lughat
means "poor, low, low cost cheap commodity".
Trade goods that are cheap in price, such as
eggplant, pomegranate and bread on the invasion.
ةربصلا
-
نزو لا و ليك لاب : ةربص ءيشلا ىرتشا
ulgurji
-
ةربصلا
means
“
heap, ball, wholesale
”
in lugat. In
the occupation, it means buying food or similar
items on a stretcher without fading. This word is
also quoted in Hadith Sharifs, which means the
same.
نع
لوسر ىهن :لاق امهنع الله يضر الله دبع نب رباج
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لا رمتلا نم ةربصلا عيب نع ملسو هيلع الله ىلص الله
ملسم هاور ؛رمتلا نم ىمسملا ليكلاب اهليكم ملعي
نبغلا
–
َنَبَغ
-
ُنِّبْغَي
-
و عيبلا يف ةعيدح / اًنْبَغ
expensive to sell goods
ءارشلا
expensive
–
نببلا
dictonary means” to cheat, to beat the scales, to
deceive in the account, to misjudge, to slow down,
to win " - that is, the seller sells to the buyer more
expensive a trading Good, which is cheaper in
quality. This term can be applied to both the seller
and the buyer.
نبللا
is when a seller sells a good
that costs ten rubles for eight rubles.
نبللا
is when
a buyer buys a goods worth eight rupees.
بيعلا
–
ةمصولا .بويع هعمج
the fault, the fault -
بيعلا
dictonaryhas the meaning
of” minority defect,
vile". When selling at the time of sale in the
occupation, the buyer does not see the fault in the
goods or the disadvantage of lowering the price of
the goods during the hand-in-hand delivery of the
goods to the buyer.
سجلا
-
و يشلا سم
و
هسمل
when you can see
–
سجلا
dictonary
“
hold
see, to discern hold” means the meaning. In the
occupation, it is to take hold of the trade goods by
hand to get to know them well.
ةعييولا
-sell to the
detriment In the dictionary, in the sense of”, side
-
clicking at a price, selling to the detriment." The
seller is selling the goods he bought for less than
his actual price.
ةيلوتلا
- member
ةيلوتلا
is a
nonspecific verb and is the II. In the dictionary, in
the sense of” appointment as manager", the seller
buys the goods and sells them to the buyer for the
same price. In this case, it would seem that the
buyer represented the seller to buy the goods. In
conclusion, this chapter made a lexical-semantic
analysis of twenty terms that are simple, that is,
one word in relation to sales. The termini core,
weight and chapter were described in detail.
Several different lexical meanings of each term
were written.
From the Arabic-
Uzbek dictionary book “An
-
Na'im”, compiled by the team of authors when
writing
dictionary
meanings
of
terms,
X.K.Baranov's book” Arabsko
-Russkiy slovar " and
يناعملا
Arabic annotated electronic dictionaries
were used. Examples of Quranic Karim verses have
been made with the aim of detailing the
lexicographical meanings of certain terms. In
interpreting the meanings of selected words in
terminology, examples were made from hadisi
Sharifs to interpret the meanings of Arabic words
relating to trade in the pre-Islamic and post-
Islamic centuries.
Hadisi Sharifs are a reliable source in
communicating very valuable information about
the social life of Arabs to us, providing information
about the way of life of ularninh. The Arabic text
and translation of the Hadith Sharifs cited in this
master's work were taken from the eight-juz book
“Golden silsila Sahihul Bukhari”, published by Hilol
eştir. Considered one of the works in the Islamic
world in interpreting the meanings of
monosyllabic
terms,
from
Burhoniddin
Marghinani's
ةيادهلا
,
from
Mahmoud
Abdurrahman Mun'im's
ا افللأا و تاحلطصملا مجعم
ةيهقفلا
, from Ali ibn Muhammad Jurjani's
“
تافيرعتلا
”,
from Dr. Salmon Rahili's
“
تلاماعملا هقف
ةيلاملا تملا
”
from his book, Mufti Muhammad Taqi
Usmani's “introduction to Islamic finance” and
Farhad Joorayev's kntob
“
Explanatory Dictionary
of Fiqhiy terms” were used.
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